This book analyses and reveals evidence of changing patterns and processes of democratic or autocratic direction at subnational levels (provinces and cities) along with their relationship to those at central level.With Poland as a case study, the book examines the interrelationship between national and lower territorial levels and identifies and explains reasons for emerging democratic deficit. It argues that decentralisation processes constitute an opportunity for subnational authorities to become more democratic but also more autocratic, as they may enhance the divergence in democracy levels between different territorial tiers of governance.This book is of key interest to students and scholars of democratisation studies, local and regional politics, Central and East European politics, local government and policymaking.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 International license.