Emeritus Professor Derek Offord, Senior Research Fellow, University of Bristol. Specialist in Russian cultural and intellectual history and the author or editor of books on early Russian liberalism, Russian travel-writing, the history of Russian thought, and the modern Russian language.|Dr. Vladislav Rjéoutski, research fellow at the German Historical Institute in Moscow. Co-director of the DFG-funded research project on the languages of diplomacy in the eighteenth-century Russia, co-author (with Derek Offord and Gesine Argent) of: The French Language in Russia. A Social, Political, Cultural, and Literary History (Amsterdam: AUP, 2018). Dr Gesine Argent is Centre Manager and Research Associate at the Princess Dashkova Russian Centre at the University of Edinburgh. Her research focuses on Russian language culture, language ideology, and language purism.

• List of illustrations, Preface, Acknowledgements, Presentation of dates, transliteration, and other editorial practices, Abbreviations used in the notes, The Romanovs, Introduction, 1. The historical contexts of Russian francophonie, 2. Teaching and learning French, 3. French at court, 4. French in high society, 5. French in diplomacy and other official domains, 6. Writing French Types of text and language choice in them, 7. French for cultural propaganda and political polemics, 8. Language attitudes, 9. Perceptions of bilingualism in the classical Russian novel, Conclusion, Bibliography, Archival sources, Published primary sources, Secondary sources, Index

Emeritus Professor Derek Offord, Senior Research Fellow, University of Bristol. Specialist in Russian cultural and intellectual history and the author or editor of books on early Russian liberalism, Russian travel-writing, the history of Russian thought, and the modern Russian language.|Dr. Vladislav Rjéoutski, research fellow at the German Historical Institute in Moscow. Co-director of the DFG-funded research project on the languages of diplomacy in the eighteenth-century Russia, co-author (with Derek Offord and Gesine Argent) of: The French Language in Russia. A Social, Political, Cultural, and Literary History (Amsterdam: AUP, 2018). Dr Gesine Argent is Centre Manager and Research Associate at the Princess Dashkova Russian Centre at the University of Edinburgh. Her research focuses on Russian language culture, language ideology, and language purism.

• List of illustrations, Preface, Acknowledgements, Presentation of dates, transliteration, and other editorial practices, Abbreviations used in the notes, The Romanovs, Introduction, 1. The historical contexts of Russian francophonie, 2. Teaching and learning French, 3. French at court, 4. French in high society, 5. French in diplomacy and other official domains, 6. Writing French Types of text and language choice in them, 7. French for cultural propaganda and political polemics, 8. Language attitudes, 9. Perceptions of bilingualism in the classical Russian novel, Conclusion, Bibliography, Archival sources, Published primary sources, Secondary sources, Index

Emeritus Professor Derek Offord, Senior Research Fellow, University of Bristol. Specialist in Russian cultural and intellectual history and the author or editor of books on early Russian liberalism, Russian travel-writing, the history of Russian thought, and the modern Russian language.|Dr. Vladislav Rjéoutski, research fellow at the German Historical Institute in Moscow. Co-director of the DFG-funded research project on the languages of diplomacy in the eighteenth-century Russia, co-author (with Derek Offord and Gesine Argent) of: The French Language in Russia. A Social, Political, Cultural, and Literary History (Amsterdam: AUP, 2018). Dr Gesine Argent is Centre Manager and Research Associate at the Princess Dashkova Russian Centre at the University of Edinburgh. Her research focuses on Russian language culture, language ideology, and language purism.

• List of illustrations, Preface, Acknowledgements, Presentation of dates, transliteration, and other editorial practices, Abbreviations used in the notes, The Romanovs, Introduction, 1. The historical contexts of Russian francophonie, 2. Teaching and learning French, 3. French at court, 4. French in high society, 5. French in diplomacy and other official domains, 6. Writing French Types of text and language choice in them, 7. French for cultural propaganda and political polemics, 8. Language attitudes, 9. Perceptions of bilingualism in the classical Russian novel, Conclusion, Bibliography, Archival sources, Published primary sources, Secondary sources, Index