Brian MacWhinney is Professor of Psychology, Computational Linguistics, and Modern Languages at Carnegie Mellon University. He has published extensively over many decades, and developed the Competition Model of first- and second-language acquisition, processing, and disorders, which shows how language learning emerges from forces operating on lexically-based patterns across divergent timeframes. He is the author of The CHILDES project: Tools for Analyzing Talk, 3rd Edition (2000 and editor of Mechanisms of Language Acquisition (1987) and The Emergence of Language (1999).William O’Grady is Professor of Linguistics at the University of Hawaii. He has undertaken extensive research in syntax and language acquisition, focusing more recently on the importance of processing for an understanding of how language works and how it is acquired. He is the author of numerous volumes including Principles of Grammar and Learning (1987), Syntactic Development (1997), and How Children Learn Language (2005). His book, Syntactic Carpentry (2005), sets out his ideas on the centrality of the processor in language acquisition.

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• Notes on Contributors viiAcknowledgments xiiiIntroduction: Language Emergence 1Brian MacWhinneyPart I Basic Language Structures 331 The Emergence of Phonological Representation 35Patricia Donegan2 Capturing Gradience, Continuous Change, and Quasi-Regularity in Sound, Word, Phrase, and Meaning 53James L. McClelland3 The Emergence of Language Comprehension 81Maryellen C. MacDonald4 Anaphora and the Case for Emergentism 100William O’Grady5 Morphological Emergence 123Péter Rácz, Janet B. Pierrehumbert, Jennifer B. Hay, and Viktória Papp6 Metaphor and Emergentism 147Zoltán Kövecses7 Usage-Based Language Learning 163Nick C. Ellis, Matthew Brook O’Donnell, and Ute RömerPart II Language Change and Typology 1818 Emergence at the Cross-Linguistic Level: Attractor Dynamics in Language Change 183Joan Bybee and Clay Beckner9 The Diachronic Genesis of Synchronic Syntax 201T. Givón10 Typological Variation and Efficient Processing 215John A. Hawkins11 Word Meanings across Languages Support Efficient Communication 237Terry Regier, Charles Kemp, and Paul KayPart III Interactional Structures 26512 Linguistic Emergence on the Ground: A Variationist Paradigm 267Shana Poplack and Rena Torres Cacoullos13 The Emergence of Sociophonetic Structure 292Paul Foulkes and Jennifer B. Hay14 An Emergentist Approach to Grammar 314Paul J. Hopper15 Common Ground 328Eve V. Clark16 The Role of Culture in the Emergence of Language 354Daniel L. EverettPart IV Language Learning 37717 Learnability 379Alexander Clark18 Perceptual Development and Statistical Learning 396Erik Thiessen and Lucy Erickson19 Language Emergence in Development: A Computational Perspective 415Stewart M. McCauley, Padraic Monaghan, and Morten H. Christiansen20 Perception and Production in Phonological Development 437Marilyn Vihman21 The Emergence of Gestures 458Jordan Zlatev22 A Constructivist Account of Child Language Acquisition 478Ben Ambridge and Elena Lieven23 Bilingualism as a Dynamic Process 511Ping Li24 Dynamic Systems and Language Development 537Paul van Geert and Marjolijn VerspoorPart V Language and the Brain 55725 Models of Language Production in Aphasia 559Gary S. Dell and Nathaniel D. Anderson26 Formulaic Language in an Emergentist Framework 578Diana Van Lancker Sidtis27 Language Evolution: An Emergentist Perspective 600Michael A. ArbibIndex 625