TINA NABATCHI is an associate professor of public administration and international affairs at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University. The author of several book chapters, monographs, research reports, and white papers, her research focuses on citizen participation, collaborative governance, and conflict resolution. MATT LEIGHNINGER is the executive director of the Deliberative Democracy Consortium, an alliance of organizations and leading scholars in the field of deliberation and public participation. With twenty years in the field, he has worked with public engagement efforts in over 100 communities, forty states, and four Canadian provinces.

• List of Figures, Exhibits, and Tables ixPreface xiAcknowledgments xiiiAbout the Authors xvPART ONE Participation in a Rapidly Changing Democracy 1ONE Citizenship, Outside the Public Square 3TWO Good or Bad? Charming or Tedious? Understanding Public Participation 13THREE Pictures from a (R)evolution: The Fitful Development of Public Participation in the United States 45PART TWO Participation in Action 75FOUR Participation in Education 77FIVE Participation in Health 117S I X Participation in Planning and Land Use 155SEVEN Participation in State and Federal Government 195PART THREE Participation for Democracy, Present and Future 239EIGHT Participation Scenarios and Tactics 241NINE Assembling Participation Infrastructure 287TEN Building Democracy 305Name Index 329Subject Index 337

TINA NABATCHI is an associate professor of public administration and international affairs at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University. The author of several book chapters, monographs, research reports, and white papers, her research focuses on citizen participation, collaborative governance, and conflict resolution. MATT LEIGHNINGER is the executive director of the Deliberative Democracy Consortium, an alliance of organizations and leading scholars in the field of deliberation and public participation. With twenty years in the field, he has worked with public engagement efforts in over 100 communities, forty states, and four Canadian provinces.

• List of Figures, Exhibits, and Tables ixPreface xiAcknowledgments xiiiAbout the Authors xvPART ONE Participation in a Rapidly Changing Democracy 1ONE Citizenship, Outside the Public Square 3TWO Good or Bad? Charming or Tedious? Understanding Public Participation 13THREE Pictures from a (R)evolution: The Fitful Development of Public Participation in the United States 45PART TWO Participation in Action 75FOUR Participation in Education 77FIVE Participation in Health 117S I X Participation in Planning and Land Use 155SEVEN Participation in State and Federal Government 195PART THREE Participation for Democracy, Present and Future 239EIGHT Participation Scenarios and Tactics 241NINE Assembling Participation Infrastructure 287TEN Building Democracy 305Name Index 329Subject Index 337

TINA NABATCHI is an associate professor of public administration and international affairs at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University. The author of several book chapters, monographs, research reports, and white papers, her research focuses on citizen participation, collaborative governance, and conflict resolution. MATT LEIGHNINGER is the executive director of the Deliberative Democracy Consortium, an alliance of organizations and leading scholars in the field of deliberation and public participation. With twenty years in the field, he has worked with public engagement efforts in over 100 communities, forty states, and four Canadian provinces.

• List of Figures, Exhibits, and Tables ixPreface xiAcknowledgments xiiiAbout the Authors xvPART ONE Participation in a Rapidly Changing Democracy 1ONE Citizenship, Outside the Public Square 3TWO Good or Bad? Charming or Tedious? Understanding Public Participation 13THREE Pictures from a (R)evolution: The Fitful Development of Public Participation in the United States 45PART TWO Participation in Action 75FOUR Participation in Education 77FIVE Participation in Health 117S I X Participation in Planning and Land Use 155SEVEN Participation in State and Federal Government 195PART THREE Participation for Democracy, Present and Future 239EIGHT Participation Scenarios and Tactics 241NINE Assembling Participation Infrastructure 287TEN Building Democracy 305Name Index 329Subject Index 337