Welfare of Animals Used in Research

Robert Hubrecht OBE BSc PhD FSB is Deputy Scientific Director of the Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW) and is an acclaimed scholar in this area.  He is a zoologist who has specialised in ethology and applied ethology and has studied the behaviour and physiology of animals both in the wild and in the laboratory. He is co-editor of The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of Laboratory and Other Research Animals.

“To me, overall this is a very good book that provides a balanced view of the issues around animal welfare.  It is a good read.”  (Laboratory Animal Practitioner, 1 May 2015)“This book is geared toward members of institutional animal care and use committees, researchers, and veterinarians and is a practical guide for discussions pertaining to the welfare of animals used in research.”  (JAVMA, 15 December 2014)“To me, overall this is a very good book that provides a balanced view of the issues around animal welfare.  It is a good read.”  (Laboratory Animal Practitioner, 1 October 2014)“Overall, the factual description of how animals are used in research balanced by the author’s personal experiences and perspective makes this book highly readable.  ‘The Welfare of Animals used in Research’ is a great addition, which will be essential reading for those working with laboratory animals and of general interest to those new to the field.”  (Veterinary Record, 12 July 2014)"Overall, this book is a welcome arrival to a debate that is too often split between misrepresentative arguments recycled from activist websites on one side and defensive responses dumbing down the  complexity of scientific discovery on the other. I recommend it to anyone who believes the debate over animal research is of sufficient importance to be worth being well-informed." (Australian Veterinary Journal, 7 July 2016)

• Foreword viiPreface ixDedication and Acknowledgements xi1 Introduction 11.1 Reasons for Using Animals in Research 11.2 Where Animal Research is Carried Out 31.3 Numbers of Animals Used 41.4 Harmful and Harmless Research 61.5 How Much Suffering is Caused by Research? 71.6 Attitudes to Animal Experimentation 91.7 The Moral Imperative 181.8 Trust in the System 222 The Use of Legislative and Other Controls on Animal Research to Meet Public Expectations and Improve Animal Welfare 262.1 Introduction 262.2 Levels of Control 292.3 Scope of Controls 372.4 Systems for Ethical Review and Authorisation 422.5 Performance and Engineering Standards 452.6 Roles and Responsibility 502.7 Legislation and Licences 512.8 Enforcement and Failure to Comply 523 Animal Rights and Animal Welfare: Philosophy and Science 583.1 Introduction 583.2 Animal Rights and Animal Welfare: Making a Distinction 593.3 Animal Welfare Science 633.4 Funding and Promoting Animal Welfare Research 853.5 The Benefits of Animal Welfare Science 864 Species Choice and Animal Welfare 884.1 Introduction 884.2 Consciousness/Sentience: Evidence for Protecting Particular Taxa 894.3 Are Some Species Capable of Suffering More Than Others? Neurological Complexity and Capacity to Suffer 1044.4 Beastly Bias in Practice 1084.5 An Evolutionary Approach to Assessing Suffering 1205 The Harm–Benefit Judgement 1235.1 Introduction 1235.2 Who Should Be Involved? 1265.3 Factors To Be Considered in Harm–Benefit Decisions 1295.4 Decision Tools 1545.5 The Requirement for Ethical Review 1576 Improving the Welfare of Animals Used in Research: The 3Rs 1596.1 Introduction: The Origins of the 3Rs 1596.2 Replacement 1636.3 Reduction 1696.4 Refinement 1756.5 Conflicts Between the 3Rs 2016.6 Training 2026.7 Sources of Information on the 3Rs 2037 Science and Animal Welfare: A Partnership 2057.1 Replacement Methods: Scientific and Other Advantages 2057.2 Reduction: Scientific and Other Advantages 2097.3 Refinement: Scientific and Other Advantages 2107.4 Changes in Laboratory Animal Science and Challenges for the Future? 2197.5 Maintaining the Momentum 2237.6 Conclusion 224References 226Glossary 259Index 262