Arnold Birenbaum is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Pediatrics at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA. He is the co-author of Norms and Human Behavior and the co-editor of Social Problems: Private Troubles and Public Issues and People in Places: The Sociology of the Familiar.

"This is a thought-provoking book. A timely work which highlights the complexities of racial dynamics in the United States since Reconstruction. It reframes our perspectives by contesting interpretations of racial progress during the first half of the twentieth century, and positing new views on the post-Civil Rights era." Leslie Wilson, Professor of History, Montclair State University, USA."Arnold Birenbaum's book gives an in-depth account of the African-American struggle for human dignity, respect, and honor in America that has taken place over multiple centuries. He masterfully strikes a moral chord that sends a piercing sound which causes all 'True Americans' to no longer turn away from such injustices."Corey L. Kennard, Senior Pastor, Amplify Christian Church, USA.

• IntroductionPart I: The Continued Colonization of African AmericansIntroduction1. Contemporary African-American Insecurity2. The Building of Incapacity: Race, Poverty, Subordination and Gaps in Health Services3. The Impact of Slavery and Jim Crow on Today’s African-American Communities4. The Emerging and Continued Importance of Racial Stigma5. Gaps in Government Services and Regulations: Maintaining Incapacity and Insecurity6. Insecurity on the Streets and the Illegitimacy of the Criminal Justice SystemWorks CitedPart II: The Systematic Undoing of Civil Rights and Federal Supports for African AmericansIntroduction7. The Promise of Reconstruction8. Jim Crow Law and Customs: A Return to White Hegemony9. States’ Rights as a Form of Resistance, Black Deaths, and Freedom Fighters in the South10. Twentieth Century Civil Rights Legislation: Expanding Civil Rights and Protecting Voting Rights11. The Incubation of White PopulismWorks CitedPart III: The Triumph of the White NationalistsIntroduction12. The Making of the American Working Class: A Brief Historical Discussion13. The Emergence of White Nationalism in the Twentieth CenturyWorks CitedPart IV: Advancing Democratic AmericanismIntroduction14. Ideas for Diminishing White Nationalism15. Targeted Interventions 16. Ending Insecurity Brought on by Unacceptable Living Conditions17. Reforming Criminal Justice in the Twenty-First Century18. Considering the Case for Reparations19. White Nationalism Trumped by Democratic AmericanismWorks Cited

Arnold Birenbaum is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Pediatrics at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA. He is the co-author of Norms and Human Behavior and the co-editor of Social Problems: Private Troubles and Public Issues and People in Places: The Sociology of the Familiar.

"This is a thought-provoking book. A timely work which highlights the complexities of racial dynamics in the United States since Reconstruction. It reframes our perspectives by contesting interpretations of racial progress during the first half of the twentieth century, and positing new views on the post-Civil Rights era." Leslie Wilson, Professor of History, Montclair State University, USA."Arnold Birenbaum's book gives an in-depth account of the African-American struggle for human dignity, respect, and honor in America that has taken place over multiple centuries. He masterfully strikes a moral chord that sends a piercing sound which causes all 'True Americans' to no longer turn away from such injustices."Corey L. Kennard, Senior Pastor, Amplify Christian Church, USA.

• IntroductionPart I: The Continued Colonization of African AmericansIntroduction1. Contemporary African-American Insecurity2. The Building of Incapacity: Race, Poverty, Subordination and Gaps in Health Services3. The Impact of Slavery and Jim Crow on Today’s African-American Communities4. The Emerging and Continued Importance of Racial Stigma5. Gaps in Government Services and Regulations: Maintaining Incapacity and Insecurity6. Insecurity on the Streets and the Illegitimacy of the Criminal Justice SystemWorks CitedPart II: The Systematic Undoing of Civil Rights and Federal Supports for African AmericansIntroduction7. The Promise of Reconstruction8. Jim Crow Law and Customs: A Return to White Hegemony9. States’ Rights as a Form of Resistance, Black Deaths, and Freedom Fighters in the South10. Twentieth Century Civil Rights Legislation: Expanding Civil Rights and Protecting Voting Rights11. The Incubation of White PopulismWorks CitedPart III: The Triumph of the White NationalistsIntroduction12. The Making of the American Working Class: A Brief Historical Discussion13. The Emergence of White Nationalism in the Twentieth CenturyWorks CitedPart IV: Advancing Democratic AmericanismIntroduction14. Ideas for Diminishing White Nationalism15. Targeted Interventions 16. Ending Insecurity Brought on by Unacceptable Living Conditions17. Reforming Criminal Justice in the Twenty-First Century18. Considering the Case for Reparations19. White Nationalism Trumped by Democratic AmericanismWorks Cited

Arnold Birenbaum is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Pediatrics at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA. He is the co-author of Norms and Human Behavior and the co-editor of Social Problems: Private Troubles and Public Issues and People in Places: The Sociology of the Familiar.

"This is a thought-provoking book. A timely work which highlights the complexities of racial dynamics in the United States since Reconstruction. It reframes our perspectives by contesting interpretations of racial progress during the first half of the twentieth century, and positing new views on the post-Civil Rights era." Leslie Wilson, Professor of History, Montclair State University, USA."Arnold Birenbaum's book gives an in-depth account of the African-American struggle for human dignity, respect, and honor in America that has taken place over multiple centuries. He masterfully strikes a moral chord that sends a piercing sound which causes all 'True Americans' to no longer turn away from such injustices."Corey L. Kennard, Senior Pastor, Amplify Christian Church, USA.

• IntroductionPart I: The Continued Colonization of African AmericansIntroduction1. Contemporary African-American Insecurity2. The Building of Incapacity: Race, Poverty, Subordination and Gaps in Health Services3. The Impact of Slavery and Jim Crow on Today’s African-American Communities4. The Emerging and Continued Importance of Racial Stigma5. Gaps in Government Services and Regulations: Maintaining Incapacity and Insecurity6. Insecurity on the Streets and the Illegitimacy of the Criminal Justice SystemWorks CitedPart II: The Systematic Undoing of Civil Rights and Federal Supports for African AmericansIntroduction7. The Promise of Reconstruction8. Jim Crow Law and Customs: A Return to White Hegemony9. States’ Rights as a Form of Resistance, Black Deaths, and Freedom Fighters in the South10. Twentieth Century Civil Rights Legislation: Expanding Civil Rights and Protecting Voting Rights11. The Incubation of White PopulismWorks CitedPart III: The Triumph of the White NationalistsIntroduction12. The Making of the American Working Class: A Brief Historical Discussion13. The Emergence of White Nationalism in the Twentieth CenturyWorks CitedPart IV: Advancing Democratic AmericanismIntroduction14. Ideas for Diminishing White Nationalism15. Targeted Interventions 16. Ending Insecurity Brought on by Unacceptable Living Conditions17. Reforming Criminal Justice in the Twenty-First Century18. Considering the Case for Reparations19. White Nationalism Trumped by Democratic AmericanismWorks Cited