Confronting Racism

Robert T. Carter, PhD, is professor of psychology and education at Teachers college, Columbia University. He is also a faculty member of Columbia University's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.Thomas D. Scheuermann, MA, JD, serves on the Graduate Faculty of Oregon State University, College of Liberal Arts, where he teaches courses in legal issues in higher education, and American higher education history.

“Confronting Racism has so much to offer. It presents a sweeping review of the evolution and entrenchment of racism in this country, while critiquing its treatment in mental health and legal fields. It offers cutting edge research on the psychological and emotional harm it causes, including an invaluable assessment instrument. Finally, for the mental health expert/lawyer/client teams it provides an innovative blueprint for vigorous pursuit of racial justice. I strongly recommend this excellent resource.”Angelo Gomez, JD, retired Special Assistant to the President for Community Diversity Relations, former Executive Director of Equity and Inclusion, Oregon State University“Carter and Scheuermann offer a long-awaited book that forces the reader to engage systems thinking as the new norm. This thoroughly researched book is a pivotal pathway to crucial conversations about race – most important is how society will confront race and justice in the 21st Century". --Paul James, Assistant Vice President, Duke UniversityCarter and Scheuermann have produced a courageous and groundbreaking work by capturing the intersection of two profoundly significant issues, mental health and racial justice. In a scholarly and accessible style, the authors provide strong evidence and solid grounding for seeking legal redress for race—based trauma. This is essential reading for those who are committed to contributing to healing the deep social wounds created by racism. Larry D. Roper, Professor of Language, Culture and Society , Oregon State University "Confronting Racism is at the cutting edge of the intersection of the law of discrimination and its psychological effects. For civil rights lawyers representing victims of discrimination, this is now an essential resource for claims for compensatory and punitive damages for emotional pain, suffering, inconvenience, mental anguish, loss of enjoyment of life, emotional distress, and other nonpecuniary losses, as validated through indices of race-based stress and race-based trauma. The meta-analytical studies the authors undertake and on which they draw their conclusions provide a legal and organizational blueprint for forensic mental health professionals and lawyers to establish the bases for explaining the injury associated with discrimination. Consistent with Critical Race Theory, the authors have undertaken and integrated a series of studies against the backdrop of the social reality of race relations in the United States and its historical origins."Gilbert Paul Carrasco, BA (Phil.), JD, LLM, Professor of Law, Willamette University

• 1 An Introduction to Racism and What It Means to Confront It; Part 1 What Do We Know About the History of Racial Injustice? Historical and Current Underpinnings; 2 Historical and Contemporary Obstacles to Combating Racism; 3 Why Legal Redress Has Been So Difficult; 4 Undoing Civil Rights: Two Steps Forward, One and a Half Steps Back; Part 2 Racism Hurts: Psychological and Emotional Costs; 5 The Harm of Encounters with Racial Discrimination; 6 Reconceptualizing Racism and Presenting a Theory of Race-Based Traumatic Stress; 7 Measuring Race-Based Traumatic Stress Injury as Legally Actionable Emotional Distress; Part 3 Where Do We Go from Here? A Model for Legal Redress; 8 Forensic Assessment of Race-Based Traumatic Stress; 9 A Legal Framework for Confronting Racism: Framework and Reforms for Law, Policy, Practice; 10 Applying the Framework: Confronting Racism and Advocating for Legal Reform; Part 4 Integrating Mental Health and the Law; 11 Mental Health Evaluations: Race-Related Mental Health Standards and Practices; 12 Integrating the Law and Mental Health: Collaborating to Confront Racism