Integration of Biomaterials for Gene Therapy

Rishabha Malviya, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University. He has authored more than 150 research/review papers for national/international journals. He has been granted more than 10 patents from different countries while a further 40 patents are published/under evaluation. He has edited multiple volumes for Wiley-Scrivener. Sonali Sundram completed her M. Pharm from Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, India and she is now a research scientist at King George’s Medical University, Lucknow as well as an assistant professor at Galgotias University, Greater Noida. She has more than 8 patents to her credit and edited 6 books with international publishers. Neelam Jain, PhD, holds a Doctorate in Pharmaceutics (specialization in Nanomedicine) from the Institute of Foreign Trade and Management, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. She has over 11 years of research and teaching experience and is now an associate professor at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Oriental University, Indore, India. She has been working on an array of projects relating to nanomedicine, gene therapy, nanotechnology, and pharmacology. She published more than 50 research/review papers in nanomedicine, drug delivery, and formulation technology in peer-reviewed journals and books.

• Foreword xviiPreface xixAcknowledgment xxi1 Biocompatible Hydrogels for Gene Therapy: Advancement and Applications 1Ankita Gupta and Swatantra K.S. Kushwaha1.1 Introduction 21.2 Hydrogels Classification 31.3 Fabrication of Hydrogels and Its Desirable Technical Features 41.4 Factors to be Tuned for Gene Encapsulation in Hydrogels 41.5 Recent Advances on Hydrogels for Gene Delivery 61.6 Conclusion 92 Use of Polysaccharides: Novel Delivery System for Genetic Material 13Prashant Kumar, Swatantra K.S. Kushwaha, Neelottama Kushwaha, Abhishek Singh and Surya Nath Pandey2.1 Introduction 142.2 Cross-Linking Techniques for Engineering Polysaccharides-Based Biomaterials 232.3 Approaches to Design Polysaccharide-Derived Biomaterials 262.4 Biomedical Applications of Polysaccharide-Derived Biomaterials 292.5 Advanced Biomaterials for Wound Dressings 302.6 Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Development of Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting 302.7 Recent Utilization of Polysaccharides 312.8 Toxicity Concerns of Polysaccharide-Derived Biomaterials 332.9 Preclinical and Clinical Studies on Gene Delivery Using Polysaccharide-Based Biomaterials 332.10 Challenges and Future Directions 342.11 Future Prospects 352.12 Conclusion 353 Polysaccharide-Based Biomaterials for Gene Delivery 47Ankita Moharana, Abhitav Tiwari, Shalini Perada, Shivlal Yadav and Om Prakash Kumar3.1 Background 483.2 Introduction 493.3 Gene Therapy 513.4 Gene Delivery Systems Based on Polysaccharides 533.5 Practical Application of Gene Delivery Systems 563.6 Polysaccharide-Based Nanoparticles 573.7 DNA Delivery 633.7.1 siRNA Delivery 653.8 Conclusion 704 Hydrogel-Based Gene Therapy 77Shweta Kumari, Dipti Jena, Vedant Kumar Prajapati, Shashi Ranjan Singh and Garima Tripathi4.1 Introduction 784.2 Gene Therapy 834.3 In Vivo Gene Therapy Using Hydrogels 864.4 Encapsulating Cells in Hydrogels for Gene Therapy Delivery 874.5 Hydrogels for Integrative Tissue Engineering and Cell Delivery 894.6 Biocompatible Hydrogels for Transferring Cells 914.7 Using Hydrogels for Gene Therapy in Tissue Engineering-Based Drug 934.8 Human Gene Therapy that Uses Hydrogel as an Alternative Method of Delivering Genetic Material to Patients 944.9 Recent Advancement in Biocompatible Hydrogel 964.10 Applications of Hydrogel 994.11 Current Hydrogels in Clinical Trials 1044.12 Conclusions 1065 Progress and Prospects for Non-Viral Gene Therapy 117Shashimala Tiwari5.1 Introduction 1185.2 Definition 1185.3 Technology Overview for Non-Viral Gene Delivery 1195.4 Chemical Carriers for Gene Transfer: Establishing Effective In Vivo Gene Delivery 1215.5 Types of Gene Delivery 1225.6 Reduction of Immunological Responses Through Alteration of Delivery Method or DNA Structure 1245.7 To Enable Long-Lasting Gene Expression, Self-Replicating, Tissue-Specific, and Integrating PlasmidExpression Systems are Designed 1245.8 Hybrid Vector Systems to Improve Transfection and Lessen Cytotoxicity 1255.9 Vehicle Material 1275.10 Further Effects 1295.11 Challenges and Prospects 1305.12 Conclusion 1326 Nanoparticles for Tumor Gene Therapy: Recent Advances and Perspective 139R. Shivhare, V. Sabale, A. Ingole and Neelam Jain6.1 Introduction 1406.2 Technologies for Gene Delivery 1426.3 Cancer Treatment with Gene Therapy 1476.4 Gene Therapy Using Nanotechnology 1476.5 Challenges and Future Aspects 1607 Effective Gene Transfer with Non-Viral Vectors 183Anil Kumar Mavi, Sonal Gaur, Neelesh Kumar, Avanish Kumar Shrivastav, Sankha Bhattacharya,Sateesh Belemkar, Saurabh Maru and Dhruv Kumar7.1 Introduction 1847.2 System Development for Delivering Genes 1867.3 Methods for Non-Viral Vector for Delivery of Genes 1867.4 Delivery System 2037.5 Current Methods for Nonviral Gene Delivery: Benefits and Drawbacks 2097.6 Current Barriers for Non-Viral Vectors 2107.7 Possibilities for Enhancing the Non-Viral Vector Delivery System 2127.8 Conclusion 2127.9 Future Relevance 2138 Utilization of Chitosan for Gene Delivery 223Johnson Olaleye Oladele8.1 Introduction 2248.2 Cationic Polymers-Based Gene Delivery Systems 2258.3 Chitosan and Its Derivatives in Gene Delivery Systems 2288.4 Chitosan as Chemotherapeutic Drugs 2348.5 Conclusion 2369 Nanoparticles as Gene Vectors in Tumor Therapy 247Efstathia Triantafyllopoulou, Orestis Kontogiannis, Nefeli Lagopati, Natassa Pippa and Maria Gazouli9.1 Introduction 2489.2 Polymer-Based Nanocarriers: Their Technology and Recent Advances 2499.3 Conclusions 27110 Progress in Non-Viral Delivery of Nucleic Acid: Advancement in Biomedical Technology 281Anil Kumar Mavi, Manmohan Kumar, Amarjeet Singh, Mahendra Kumar Prajapati, Rakhi Khabiya, Saurabh Maru and Dhruv Kumar10.1 Introduction 28210.2 Physical Methods of Non-Viral Nucleic Acid Delivery System 28510.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Physical Transfection 29610.4 Chemical Methods of Non-Viral Nucleic Acid Delivery System 29610.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Chemical Transfection 30810.6 Cellular Barriers for Nucleic Acid Delivery Faced by Non-Viral Vectors 30910.7 Challenges and Limitations of Non-Viral Nucleic Acid Delivery System 31110.8 Conclusion 31111 The Junction of Biomaterials and Gene Therapy -- Current Strategies and Future Directions 323Ranjan Kumar Singh, Sunita Panchawat, Chennu M.M. Prasada Rao, Joohee Pradhan, Rajeswari Tanniru, Deepika Bairagee and Ajay Kumar Garg11.1 Introduction 32411.2 Viral Gene Therapy 32711.3.1 Adenoviral Vectors 32911.4 Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors 33011.5 Non-Viral Gene Therapy 33111.6 Recent Advances in the Development of Gene Delivery Systems 33411.7 Development of Gene Delivery Systems 33511.8 Viral Vectors Based on DNA for Gene Delivery Systems 33611.9 Viral Vectors Based on RNA for Gene Delivery Systems 33711.10 Oncolytic Viral Vectors for Gene Delivery Systems 33711.11 Practical Application of Gene Delivery Methods 34311.12 Conclusion 34712 Utilization of Silk for Gene Delivery 349Swatantra K. S. Kushwaha, Shruti Khare and Neelottama Kushwaha12.1 Introduction 35012.2 Dimensional Structure of Silk 35012.3 Properties of Silk 35112.4 Extraction of Fibroin from Silk Worm 35212.5 Fabrication of Silk in Different Therapeutics Carriers 35312.6 Utilization of Silk for Gene Therapy 35412.7 Properties of Silk Fibroin as Biomaterial 35512.8 Summary of Silk-Based Formulations for Gene Delivery 35712.9 Examples of Some Delivery Approaches which Utilizes Silk as a Biomaterial for Gene Delivery 35812.10 Some Highlights of Silk Fibroin 36012.11 Conclusion 36013 Challenges and Emerging Problems in Nanomedicine Mediated Gene Therapy 367Shalini Bhatt, Neha Faridi, Rakshit Pathak, Vinay Deep Punetha and Mayank Punetha13.1 Introduction 36813.2 Why Nanomedicine Over Traditional Drugs? 36913.3 Nanomedicine for Gene Therapy 37313.4 Complications in Nanomedicine-Mediated Gene Therapy 38413.5 Challenges in the Clinical Translation of Nanomedicines 39113.6 Conclusion 39614 Biomaterials-Based Vaccination in Cancer Therapy 417Rishav Sharma, Rishabha Malviya and Sonali Sundram14.1 Introduction 41714.2 Tumor-Associated Antigens 41814.3 Vaccine Delivery 41914.4 Dendritic Cells 42014.5 In Vitro Generation of Dendritic Cells 42114.6 Usage of RNA 42214.7 RNA-Pulsed DCs as Vaccines 42214.8 RNA Vaccines 42514.9 Optimization of Immunotherapy 42614.10 Cancer Treatment Through RNA Interference 42714.11 Conclusion 428References 429Index 435