Meaning-Making, Internalized Racism, and African American Identity

Jas M. Sullivan is Associate Professor of Political Science and African and African American Studies at Louisiana State University and the coeditor (with Ashraf M. Esmail) of African American Identity: Racial and Cultural Dimensions of the Black Experience. William E. Cross Jr. is Clinical Professor at the University of Denver and Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the Graduate Center, City University of New York. He is the author of Shades of Black: Diversity in African American Identity.

"With its impressive and varied research base, this is one of the most comprehensive books on the subject of racial identity." — Scott L. Graves Jr., Duquesne University

• List of FiguresList of TablesForewordRobert SellersAcknowledgmentsIntroductionWilliam E. Cross Jr. and Jas M. SullivanPart I. Meaning-Making 1. Affirming Blackness: Racial Identity from Racial Color-Blindness to Critical ConsciousnessHelen A. Neville, Tuyet-Mai H. Hoang, and Arielle Brown2. The Racial Ties that Bind: Blacks’ Affective and Behavioral Responses to Black-White Biracials Acting StereotypicallySabrica Barnett and Daryl Wout3. The Relationship between Parents’ Racial Identity Attitudes and their Adolescent Children’s Perception of Physical Appearance, Racial Identity, and Social AdjustmentPeony Fhagen4. Ethos Matters: Identity, Spirituality, and Meaning and Purpose among African-American YouthLisa K. Hill, Debra D. Roberts, and Kelli A. Hill5. Expanding Black Narratives: The Role of Meaning-Making in Ethnically Diverse Blacks’ Racial Identity andRacial AwarenessHollie L. Jones and Eve Lorane Brown6. I Too Am Black: Bi/Multiracial Black Youth Speak about Their Racialized ExperiencesStephen M. Quintana, Susan Lambe Sarinana, and Alyssa M. Ramirez Stege7. The "One Drop Rule": Shifting Expressions of Racial Identity and Well-Being in Black-Multiracial IndividualsLauren E. Smith, Laura Kohn-Wood, and Guerda Nicolas8. Through the Lens of Gender: An Intersectional Perspective on Race and Racial IdentityIsis H. Settles and Elizabeth R. Cole9. The Intersection of Social Identities among Black Female College StudentsJoanna Lee Williams and Saida B. Hussain10. The Intersection of Racial and Cultural Identity for African Americans: Expanding the Scope of BlackSelf-UnderstandingA. Wade Boykin, R. Davis Dixon, David S. B. Mitchell,Adrian W. Bruce, Yetunde O. Akinola, and Nikeshia P. Holt11. Ethnic-Racial Identity and College Adjustment and Coping among African-American College Students: Moderating Effects of Kin Social SupportRonald D. Taylor, Azeb Gebre, and Elizabeth Tuzo12. "I Am a Man Too!": Masculinity, Economic Violence, and Resilience in The Streets of Black AmericaYasser Arafat PaynePart II. Internalized Racism 13. How Stigma Gets Under the Skin: Internalized Oppression and Dual Minority Stress among Black Sexual MinoritiesAlex A. Ajayi and Moin Syed14. Black Identities, Internalized Racism, and Self-EsteemWilliam E. Cross Jr. and David M. Frost15. Acceptance of Injustice among Ethnic Minorities as a Function of Ideology and Social Comparison ProcessKrystal M. Perkins16. The Intersection of Colorism and Racial Identity and the Impact on Mental HealthKira Hudson Banks, Richard D. Harvey,Tanisha Thelemaque, and Onyinyechi V. Anukem17. Meta-Analysis of Cross Racial Identity Scale: Psychological Costs and Benefits of Racial IdentityAaronson Y. Chew and Stephen M. Quintana18. Racial Oppression and Other Black Identity CorrelatesKenneth Foster Sr.19. The Role of Discrimination in Shaping the Presence and Strength of Linked FateJas M. Sullivan and Jonathan WinburnConclusionWilliam E. Cross Jr.ContributorsIndex