Introduction to Electron Holography
AvEdgar Völkl,Lawrence F. Allard
1 084 kr
Beställningsvara. Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar. Fri frakt över 249 kr.
Beskrivning
Produktinformation
- Utgivningsdatum:2012-10-23
- Mått:155 x 235 x 21 mm
- Vikt:569 g
- Format:Häftad
- Språk:Engelska
- Antal sidor:354
- Upplaga:1999
- Förlag:Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
- ISBN:9781461371830
Utforska kategorier
Innehållsförteckning
- 1 The History of the Electron Biprism.- 1 The beginning.- 2 The first interferometer.- 3 The biprism idea.- 4 Biprism design and 1st experiments.- 5 Further Tübingen experiments.- 2 Principles and Theory of Electron Holography.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Imaging theory.- 3 In-line point-projection holography.- 4 In-line TEM holography.- 5 Off-axis TEM holography.- 6 Off-axis holography in a STEM instrument.- 7 Theoretical formulations for other modes.- 8 Interference in diffraction patterns and holographic diffraction.- 9 Application to the study of magnetic and electric fields.- 10 Studies of surface structure.- 11 Discussion.- 3 Optical Characteristics of an Holography Electron Microscope.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Brightness.- 3 Coherence and contrast transfer.- 4 Illumination geometry.- 5 Isoplanatism and coma.- 6 Contrast transfer considerations in the field emission microscope.- 7 Standard criterion for microscopes for holography.- 8 Conclusion.- 4 Practical Electron Holography.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Setting up the instrument.- 3 Recording holograms.- 4 Important parameters.- 5 Further considerations.- 6 Conclusion.- 5 Quantitative Electron Holography.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Electron detectors.- 3 Characteristics of CCD cameras.- 4 Factors affecting detection limits.- 5 Applications of quantitative electron holography.- 6 The Reconstruction of Off-Axis Electron Holograms.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Basic reconstruction process.- 3 Minimizing the effects of sampling.- 4 Lens aberrations: Distortions.- 5 The reconstruction process using a reference hologram.- 6 Other reconstruction methods.- 7 Methods for lower carrier frequencies.- 8 Display of phase information.- 7 Electron Holography of Electromagnetic Fields.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Theory.- 3 Holographic electron microscope forsuperconductivity investigations.- 4 Observation of fluxons in superconductors.- 5 Lorentz observations.- 6 Higher resolution holography.- 7 Conclusions.- 8 On Recording, Processing And Interpretation Of Low Magnification Electron Holograms.- 1 Introduction.- 2 General considerations on the electron phase.- 3 Centering the sideband.- 4 Quantification of magnetic and electric fields.- 5 Distinguishing magnetic and electric fields.- 6 Dislocations in a hologram.- 9 High Resolution Off-Axis Electron Holography.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Wave optical imaging in HRTEM.- 3 Off-axis electron holography: Principle.- 4 Correction of aberrations.- 5 Optimizing the parameters for high resolution electron holography.- 6 Practical examples.- 7 Conclusion.- 10 Off-Axis Stem Holography.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Hologram formation and reconstruction schemes.- 3 Experimental considerations.- 4 Accuracy of phase measurement.- 5 Application of special detectors.- 6 Far-out-of-focus off-axis STEM holography: Application to magnetic materials.- 7 Optimum conditions for high resolution imaging.- 8 Correction of lens aberrations.- 9 Conclusions.- 11 Focus Variation Electron Holography.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Image formation in a TEM.- 3 Least squares wave function reconstruction.- 4 Experimental results.- 5 Interpreting the reconstructed object wave.- 6 Validity of the channelling theory.- 7 Scaling.- 8 Other aspects of channelling.- 9 Results.- 10 Conclusions.- 12 Applications of Electron Holography.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Mean inner potential and its effects on phase images.- 3 Theoretical calculations of mean inner potential.- 4 Holographic experimental measurements of mean inner potential.- 5 Specimen thickness and its effects on phase and amplitude images.- 6 Applications of off-axis electron holographyto studies of interfaces.- 7 Applications of holography to surfaces.- 8 Applications of holography to fine particles.- 9 Conclusions.- 13 Electron Holography Using Diffracted Electron Beams (DBH).- 1 Introduction.- 2 Basic theoretical considerations.- 3 Analysis of the interference phenomena.- 4 Influence of coherence.- 5 The holography mode.- 6 Experimental method.- 7 Spherical aberration.- 8 Material science applications.- 9 Interesting perspectives.- 10 Conclusions.- 11 Appendix.- 14 Electron Holography at Low Energy.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Electron ranges in solids.- 3 Image formation and reconstruction.- 4 Nanotips.- 5 Instruments.- 6 Radiation damage.- 7 The reflection mode.- 8 Conclusions.- 15 A Plus or Minus Sign in the Fourier Transform?.
Du kanske också är intresserad av
Introduction to Electron Holography
Edgar Volkl, Edgar Volkl, Lawrence F. Allard, D. C. Joy
Inbunden, 1999
868 kr
Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis
David C. Joy, John Henry J. Scott, Nicholas W.M. Ritchie, Joseph R. Michael, Dale E. Newbury, Joseph I. Goldstein
1 416 kr
Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis
Eric Lifshin, Charles Fiori, Charles E. Lyman, Alton D. Romig Jr., David C. Joy, Patrick Echlin, Dale E. Newbury, Joseph Goldstein
1 416 kr
Advanced Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis
Patrick Echlin, C.E. Fiori, Joseph Goldstein, David C. Joy, Dale E. Newbury
Häftad, 2013
1 116 kr
Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Microanalysis, and Analytical Electron Microscopy
Klaus-Rudiger Peters, Eric Lifshin, David C. Joy, Charles Fiori, Patrick Echlin, John Armstrong, Alton D. Romig Jr., David B. Williams, Joseph Goldstein, Dale E. Newbury, Charles E. Lyman
1 416 kr
Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis
Joseph I. Goldstein, Dale E. Newbury, Joseph R. Michael, Nicholas W.M. Ritchie, John Henry J. Scott, David C. Joy
Häftad, 2018
1 084 kr
Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis
Joseph I. Goldstein, Dale E. Newbury, Joseph R. Michael, Nicholas W.M. Ritchie, John Henry J. Scott, David C. Joy
Inbunden, 2017
1 098 kr
Principles of Analytical Electron Microscopy
Alton D. Romig Jr., David C. Joy, Joseph Goldstein
2 049 kr