Frank Fichert is Professor of Economics and Transport Economics at Worms University of Applied Sciences, Germany. He has published many papers on the transport sector. His research focuses on competition and regulation in the air transport industry and the environmental issues of aviation.Peter Forsyth is Adjunct Professor at Monash and Southern Cross Universities. He has published extensively in the economics of aviation and tourism. His recent research has involved economic and policy approaches to addressing carbon emissions from aviation and tourism.Hans-Martin Niemeier is Director of the Institute for Transport and Development at Bremen University of Applied Sciences. He is Chairman of the German Aviation Research Society (GARS) and of the Advisory Board of the European Aviation Conference. He led COST Action "Air Transport and Regional Development".

"Climate Change is an existential threat to the way aviation does business. Change is needed, but needed more is sensible, evidence-based, thoughtful analysis of what happens next. This book starts that process." — Andrew Charlton, Managing Director, Aviation Advocacy, Switzerland"Aviation has proven to be one of the most difficult sectors to include in climate change policies. This volume brings together some of the most eminent thinkers on measures to address climate impacts of aviation. It is a very useful reference for policy makers, academics, NGOs and anybody interested in the issue." — Jasper Faber, Aviation and maritime specialist, manager Mobility & Transport, CE Delft, Netherlands"Excellent! Robust, compelling arguments and thought-provoking conclusions. This book provides a well-researched comprehensive and holistic overview of all aspects pertaining to THE most important driver of aviation in the years to come. The Corona crisis will undeniably impact the size and possibly structure of the aviation market; but that makes this book even more relevant. Irrespective of how aviation will overcome the Corona crisis, the sector will only become more resilient if appropriate measures are taken to enforce its sustainability. This will require innovation, interoperable technology and vision. Because of its interdisciplinary nature, I strongly recommend this book as orientation for decision makers in the public and private sector." — Ulrich Schulte-Strathaus, Managing Director at Aviation Strategy & Concepts, former Secretary General of the Association of European Airlines

• 1 Introduction and Overview 2 Aviation Emissions and Climate Impacts 3 Renewable Fuels for Aviation 4 Air Transport and the Challenge of Climate Change – How Aviation Climate Change Policies Work 5 ETSs and Aviation: Implementation of schemes in the EU and other countries 6 International Action and the role of ICAO 7 ICAO’s new CORSIA scheme at a glance – A milestone towards greener aviation? 8 Voluntary Carbon Offset Schemes in the Airline Industry: Why Did They Fail? 9 Roadmap to Decarbonising Aviation 10 Intermodal Dimension of Climate Change Policy 11 Scenarios for future policies – Potential costs and competitive impacts of different market-based measures for the limitation of all climate relevant species from aviation 12 Inclusion of international aviation emissions under the Paris Agreement’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) 13 Review and Further Directions

Frank Fichert is Professor of Economics and Transport Economics at Worms University of Applied Sciences, Germany. He has published many papers on the transport sector. His research focuses on competition and regulation in the air transport industry and the environmental issues of aviation.Peter Forsyth is Adjunct Professor at Monash and Southern Cross Universities. He has published extensively in the economics of aviation and tourism. His recent research has involved economic and policy approaches to addressing carbon emissions from aviation and tourism.Hans-Martin Niemeier is Director of the Institute for Transport and Development at Bremen University of Applied Sciences. He is Chairman of the German Aviation Research Society (GARS) and of the Advisory Board of the European Aviation Conference. He led COST Action "Air Transport and Regional Development".

"Climate Change is an existential threat to the way aviation does business. Change is needed, but needed more is sensible, evidence-based, thoughtful analysis of what happens next. This book starts that process." — Andrew Charlton, Managing Director, Aviation Advocacy, Switzerland"Aviation has proven to be one of the most difficult sectors to include in climate change policies. This volume brings together some of the most eminent thinkers on measures to address climate impacts of aviation. It is a very useful reference for policy makers, academics, NGOs and anybody interested in the issue." — Jasper Faber, Aviation and maritime specialist, manager Mobility & Transport, CE Delft, Netherlands"Excellent! Robust, compelling arguments and thought-provoking conclusions. This book provides a well-researched comprehensive and holistic overview of all aspects pertaining to THE most important driver of aviation in the years to come. The Corona crisis will undeniably impact the size and possibly structure of the aviation market; but that makes this book even more relevant. Irrespective of how aviation will overcome the Corona crisis, the sector will only become more resilient if appropriate measures are taken to enforce its sustainability. This will require innovation, interoperable technology and vision. Because of its interdisciplinary nature, I strongly recommend this book as orientation for decision makers in the public and private sector." — Ulrich Schulte-Strathaus, Managing Director at Aviation Strategy & Concepts, former Secretary General of the Association of European Airlines

• 1 Introduction and Overview 2 Aviation Emissions and Climate Impacts 3 Renewable Fuels for Aviation 4 Air Transport and the Challenge of Climate Change – How Aviation Climate Change Policies Work 5 ETSs and Aviation: Implementation of schemes in the EU and other countries 6 International Action and the role of ICAO 7 ICAO’s new CORSIA scheme at a glance – A milestone towards greener aviation? 8 Voluntary Carbon Offset Schemes in the Airline Industry: Why Did They Fail? 9 Roadmap to Decarbonising Aviation 10 Intermodal Dimension of Climate Change Policy 11 Scenarios for future policies – Potential costs and competitive impacts of different market-based measures for the limitation of all climate relevant species from aviation 12 Inclusion of international aviation emissions under the Paris Agreement’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) 13 Review and Further Directions

Frank Fichert is Professor of Economics and Transport Economics at Worms University of Applied Sciences, Germany. He has published many papers on the transport sector. His research focuses on competition and regulation in the air transport industry and the environmental issues of aviation.Peter Forsyth is Adjunct Professor at Monash and Southern Cross Universities. He has published extensively in the economics of aviation and tourism. His recent research has involved economic and policy approaches to addressing carbon emissions from aviation and tourism.Hans-Martin Niemeier is Director of the Institute for Transport and Development at Bremen University of Applied Sciences. He is Chairman of the German Aviation Research Society (GARS) and of the Advisory Board of the European Aviation Conference. He led COST Action "Air Transport and Regional Development".

"Climate Change is an existential threat to the way aviation does business. Change is needed, but needed more is sensible, evidence-based, thoughtful analysis of what happens next. This book starts that process." — Andrew Charlton, Managing Director, Aviation Advocacy, Switzerland"Aviation has proven to be one of the most difficult sectors to include in climate change policies. This volume brings together some of the most eminent thinkers on measures to address climate impacts of aviation. It is a very useful reference for policy makers, academics, NGOs and anybody interested in the issue." — Jasper Faber, Aviation and maritime specialist, manager Mobility & Transport, CE Delft, Netherlands"Excellent! Robust, compelling arguments and thought-provoking conclusions. This book provides a well-researched comprehensive and holistic overview of all aspects pertaining to THE most important driver of aviation in the years to come. The Corona crisis will undeniably impact the size and possibly structure of the aviation market; but that makes this book even more relevant. Irrespective of how aviation will overcome the Corona crisis, the sector will only become more resilient if appropriate measures are taken to enforce its sustainability. This will require innovation, interoperable technology and vision. Because of its interdisciplinary nature, I strongly recommend this book as orientation for decision makers in the public and private sector." — Ulrich Schulte-Strathaus, Managing Director at Aviation Strategy & Concepts, former Secretary General of the Association of European Airlines

• 1 Introduction and Overview 2 Aviation Emissions and Climate Impacts 3 Renewable Fuels for Aviation 4 Air Transport and the Challenge of Climate Change – How Aviation Climate Change Policies Work 5 ETSs and Aviation: Implementation of schemes in the EU and other countries 6 International Action and the role of ICAO 7 ICAO’s new CORSIA scheme at a glance – A milestone towards greener aviation? 8 Voluntary Carbon Offset Schemes in the Airline Industry: Why Did They Fail? 9 Roadmap to Decarbonising Aviation 10 Intermodal Dimension of Climate Change Policy 11 Scenarios for future policies – Potential costs and competitive impacts of different market-based measures for the limitation of all climate relevant species from aviation 12 Inclusion of international aviation emissions under the Paris Agreement’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) 13 Review and Further Directions