VIIIThe Crusades

S.J. Allen is a medieval historian and an associate lecturer at The Open University.Emilie Amt is an emeritus professor of history at Hood College.

• Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter One: Background and Origins 1. The Pilgrimage of Etheria2. Augustine of Hippo on the Just War3. The Qur’an4. al-Baladhuri on Early Muslim Conquests5. The Pact of Omar6. Early Spiritual Privileges7. Ibnu Hayyan on Warfare in Spain8. The Song of Roland9. Declaration of the Truce of God10. Matthew of Edessa on the Seljuk Conquests11. Pope Gregory VII: Letters to Matilda of Canossa and Other Christian Leaders – Planning Holy Wars Chapter Two: The First Crusade 12. Urban II’s Call for a Crusade13. Albert of Aachen on the Peasants’ Crusade14. Solomon bar Samson on the Massacres of Jews15. Anna Comnena’s Alexiad16. The Deeds of the Franks17. Letter of Stephen of Blois18. Anselm of Ribemont on Events at Antioch19. Ralph of Caen on Divisions among the Crusaders20. Raymond of Aguilers on the Fall of Jerusalem21. Letters from Jewish Leaders Seeking Help for Captives and Refugees22. Letter of Pope Paschal on the Capture of Jerusalem23. ‘Ali ibn Tahir al-Sulami’s The Book of the Jihad24. Abu l-Muzaffar al-Abiwardi on the Fall of JerusalemChapter Three: The Crusader States 25. Eastern and Western Views: Two Crusade-Era Maps26. Coinage of the Crusader Period27. William of Tyre’s History28. Fulcher of Chartres’s History29. Venetian Treaty30. Documents of Queen Melisende of Jerusalem31. Laws of the Kingdom of Jerusalem32. The Travels of Saewulf33. John of Würzburg’s Pilgrim Guide34. The Travels of Ibn Jubayr35. Memoirs of Usamah Ibn Munqidh36. The Itinerary of Benjamin of TudelaChapter Four: The Second and Third Crusades 37. Ibn al-Qalanisi on Zengi and Nur ad-Din38. Ibn al-Athir on the Fall of Edessa39. Letter of Bernard of Clairvaux40. Bernard of Clairvaux: In Praise of the New Knighthood41. The Rule of the Templars42. Rabbi Ephraim of Bonn’s The Book of Remembrance43. Odo of Deuil: The Journey of Louis VII to the East44. Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Second Crusade45. John Kinnamos: The Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus46. Analyses of the Second Crusade47. Baha ad-Din’s Life of Saladin48. Imad ad-Din on the Battle of Hattin49. Roger of Wendover on the Fall of Jerusalem50. Letters on the Fall of Jerusalem51. Taxation and Regulations for the Third Crusade52. Islamic Accounts of the Treatment of Prisoners53. Accounts of the Third Crusade54. Saladin and Richard I – Negotiations for JerusalemChapter Five: The Culture and Logistics of Crusading 55. Gerald of Wales on Preaching a Crusade56. Privileges and Indulgences57. Personal Arrangements58. Liturgy for Pilgrims and Crusaders59. Hildegard of Bingen’s Advice to Philip Count of Flanders60. Financial Accounts61. Travel Information62. Accounts of Crusader Homecomings63. Thomas of Froidmont: The Adventures of Margaret of Beverly, a Woman Crusader64. Accounts of Women in Warfare65. Crusading SongsChapter Six: The Age of Innocent III 66. Letters of Innocent III67. Accounts of the Fourth Crusade68. Documents on the Sack of Constantinople69. Bernard of Gui’s Manual for Inquisitors70. Peter of Les Vaux-de-Cernay’s The History of the Albigensian Crusade71. William of Tudela’s Song of the Cathar Wars72. Accounts of the Children’s Crusade73. Decrees of the Fourth Lateran Council74. Oliver of Paderborn on the Fifth CrusadeChapter Seven: Crusades of the Holy Roman Empire 75. Charter to German Settlers76. Poem Describing Cistercian Settlement77. Proclamations of Northern European Crusades78. Helmold’s Chronicle of the Slavs79. The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia80. The Rule of the Teutonic Knights81. Nikolaus von Jeroschin on the Prussian Crusades82. Philip of Novara on Frederick II’s Crusade83. Frederick II on His Taking of Jerusalem and Sibt ibn al-Jawzi’s Recording of the Event84. Responses to Frederick II’s CrusadeChapter Eight: Conflict and Coexistence in Spain 85. Chronicle of the Cid86. The Conquest of Lisbon87. Alfonso VIII’s Report on Las Navas de Tolosa88. Muslim–Christian Treaty89. Moorish Laws90. Christian Laws91. Constitutions of the Order of Merced92. Expulsion of the Jews from Spain93. Abu Abdilla Mohammed on the Expulsion of the MuslimsChapter Nine: Crusades at the Crossroads 94. Joinville’s Life of St. Louis95. Matthew Paris on the Shepherds’ Crusade96. Ibn al-Athir on the Mongol Invasion97. Ibn ‘Abd al-Zahir’s Biography of Baybars98. Ludolph von Suchem on the Fall of Acre and Its Aftermath99. Humbert of Romans on Criticisms of Crusading100. Ramon Lull’s Plan to Convert the Muslims101. Order for the Arrest of the Templars and Papal Bull Suppressing the Templars102. John Mandeville on Prester John103. Letters between Pope Innocent IV and Guyuk Khan104. Johann Schiltberger on the Nicopolis Crusade105. Kritovoulos on the Fall of Constantinople106. Pius II’s Commentaries107. Erasmus On the War against the TurksChapter Ten: Modern Perceptions of the Crusades 108. Thomas Fuller, The Historie of the Holy Warre109. David Hume on the Crusades110. Edward Gibbon’s Evaluation of the Crusades111. William Wordsworth’s Ecclesiastical Sonnets112. Michaud, History of the Crusades113. William Hillary’s Call for a New Crusade114. Sayyid ‘Ali Hariri’s Book of the Splendid Stories of the Crusades115. World War I Political Cartoons116. Sayyid Qutb’s Social Justice in Islam and Muhammad Asad’s Islam at the Crossroads117. The Hamas Covenant118. Pope John Paul II’s Statements about Past Christian Actions119. Crusading Rhetoric after 9/11120. Modern Use of Images of Saladin121. Umej Bhatia’s Analysis of the Crusades and Modern Muslim Memory122. Crusades and the Far RightSources Index of Topics