Brian Lennon is Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Pennsylvania State University. He is the author of Passwords: Philology, Security, Authentication (2018) and In Babel's Shadow: Multilingual Literatures, Monolingual States (2010).

"Programming Language Cultures dispels the hype around computation that colors so much previous analysis. Impeccable research and technical mastery combine with the keen sensibilities of a philologist to demonstrate, finally, a welcome intellectual maturity in digital studies."—Aden Evens, Dartmouth College "Instead of chasing the latest in artificial intelligence, cryptocurrency, or social media, Lennon's approach is to historicize the foundation on which all apps, algorithms, and platforms are built: programming languages old and new."—Warren Sack, University of California, Santa Cruz "This readable and multidisciplinary book provides many valuable historical insights into programming languages and the world of software development."—Mark Priestley, Technology and Culture

• Introduction: Eating the World1. A Third Language: Computing, Translation, Automation2. Really Reading the Code, Really Reading the Comments3. Etymologies of Foo4. Snobol: A Rememory of Programming Language History5. JavaScript Affogato: Negotiations of Expertise6. DevOps Fiction: Workforce Relations in Technology Industry NovelsAcknowledgmentsNotesBibliographyIndex

Brian Lennon is Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Pennsylvania State University. He is the author of Passwords: Philology, Security, Authentication (2018) and In Babel's Shadow: Multilingual Literatures, Monolingual States (2010).

"Programming Language Cultures dispels the hype around computation that colors so much previous analysis. Impeccable research and technical mastery combine with the keen sensibilities of a philologist to demonstrate, finally, a welcome intellectual maturity in digital studies."—Aden Evens, Dartmouth College "Instead of chasing the latest in artificial intelligence, cryptocurrency, or social media, Lennon's approach is to historicize the foundation on which all apps, algorithms, and platforms are built: programming languages old and new."—Warren Sack, University of California, Santa Cruz "This readable and multidisciplinary book provides many valuable historical insights into programming languages and the world of software development."—Mark Priestley, Technology and Culture

• Introduction: Eating the World1. A Third Language: Computing, Translation, Automation2. Really Reading the Code, Really Reading the Comments3. Etymologies of Foo4. Snobol: A Rememory of Programming Language History5. JavaScript Affogato: Negotiations of Expertise6. DevOps Fiction: Workforce Relations in Technology Industry NovelsAcknowledgmentsNotesBibliographyIndex

Brian Lennon is Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Pennsylvania State University. He is the author of Passwords: Philology, Security, Authentication (2018) and In Babel's Shadow: Multilingual Literatures, Monolingual States (2010).

"Programming Language Cultures dispels the hype around computation that colors so much previous analysis. Impeccable research and technical mastery combine with the keen sensibilities of a philologist to demonstrate, finally, a welcome intellectual maturity in digital studies."—Aden Evens, Dartmouth College "Instead of chasing the latest in artificial intelligence, cryptocurrency, or social media, Lennon's approach is to historicize the foundation on which all apps, algorithms, and platforms are built: programming languages old and new."—Warren Sack, University of California, Santa Cruz "This readable and multidisciplinary book provides many valuable historical insights into programming languages and the world of software development."—Mark Priestley, Technology and Culture

• Introduction: Eating the World1. A Third Language: Computing, Translation, Automation2. Really Reading the Code, Really Reading the Comments3. Etymologies of Foo4. Snobol: A Rememory of Programming Language History5. JavaScript Affogato: Negotiations of Expertise6. DevOps Fiction: Workforce Relations in Technology Industry NovelsAcknowledgmentsNotesBibliographyIndex