Roger Ariew is distinguished professor in the Department of Philosophy at the University of South Florida. He is the author of Descartes and the Last Scholastics, Descartes among the Scholastics, and Descartes and the First Cartesians; he is the editor or co-editor, of many volumes, including: with Marjorie Grene, of Descartes and His Contemporaries and, with Daniel Garber, of the 10-volume collection, Descartes in 17th-Century England. He is also the editor and translator of Descartes: Philosophical Essays and Correspondence, and Pascal, Pensées, of Leibniz: Philosophical Essays, with Daniel Garber, of Montaigne, Apology forRaymond Sebond, with Marjorie Grene, and of Background Source Materials: Descartes’ Meditations, with John Cottingham and Tom Sorell. Ariew’s research has been supported by fellowships and grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities, The National Science Foundation, and the American Council for Learned SocietiesDouglas M. Jesseph is Professor of Philosophy at the University of South Florida. He is the author of Squaring the Circle: The War between Hobbes and Wallis and Berkeley’s Philosophy of Mathematics. He is the editor and translator of Berkeley’s De Motu and The Analyst and the editor of the forthcoming three-volume Hobbes’s Mathematical Works.Tad M. Schmaltz is Professor of Philosophy and James B. and Grace J. Nelson Fellow at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He is the author of Malebranche’s Theory of the Soul: A Cartesian Interpretation, Radical Cartesianism: The French Reception of Descartes, Descartes on Causation, Early Modern Cartesianisms: Dutch and French Constructions, and TheMetaphysics of the Material World: Suárez, Descartes, Spinoza. He also has edited or co-edited: Receptions of Descartes: Cartesianism and Anti-Cartesianism in Early Modern Europe; Efficient Causation: A History; The Problem of Universals in Early Modern Philosophy; and The Oxford Handbook of Descartes and Cartesianism.Theo Verbeek is Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Utrecht. He is the author of La querelle d’Utrecht; Descartes and the Dutch: Early Reactions to Cartesianism (1637–1650);and Spinoza’s Theologico-political Treatise: Exploring the “Will of God.” He is the editor of Descartes et Regius: Autour de l’explication de l’esprit and Johannes Clauberg (1622–1665) and Cartesian Philosophy in the Seventeenth Century.

• Editor’s Foreword PrefaceReader’s NoteChronologyIntroductionDescartes: Life and TimesTHE DICTIONARYBibliographyAbout the Authors

Roger Ariew is distinguished professor in the Department of Philosophy at the University of South Florida. He is the author of Descartes and the Last Scholastics, Descartes among the Scholastics, and Descartes and the First Cartesians; he is the editor or co-editor, of many volumes, including: with Marjorie Grene, of Descartes and His Contemporaries and, with Daniel Garber, of the 10-volume collection, Descartes in 17th-Century England. He is also the editor and translator of Descartes: Philosophical Essays and Correspondence, and Pascal, Pensées, of Leibniz: Philosophical Essays, with Daniel Garber, of Montaigne, Apology forRaymond Sebond, with Marjorie Grene, and of Background Source Materials: Descartes’ Meditations, with John Cottingham and Tom Sorell. Ariew’s research has been supported by fellowships and grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities, The National Science Foundation, and the American Council for Learned SocietiesDouglas M. Jesseph is Professor of Philosophy at the University of South Florida. He is the author of Squaring the Circle: The War between Hobbes and Wallis and Berkeley’s Philosophy of Mathematics. He is the editor and translator of Berkeley’s De Motu and The Analyst and the editor of the forthcoming three-volume Hobbes’s Mathematical Works.Tad M. Schmaltz is Professor of Philosophy and James B. and Grace J. Nelson Fellow at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He is the author of Malebranche’s Theory of the Soul: A Cartesian Interpretation, Radical Cartesianism: The French Reception of Descartes, Descartes on Causation, Early Modern Cartesianisms: Dutch and French Constructions, and TheMetaphysics of the Material World: Suárez, Descartes, Spinoza. He also has edited or co-edited: Receptions of Descartes: Cartesianism and Anti-Cartesianism in Early Modern Europe; Efficient Causation: A History; The Problem of Universals in Early Modern Philosophy; and The Oxford Handbook of Descartes and Cartesianism.Theo Verbeek is Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Utrecht. He is the author of La querelle d’Utrecht; Descartes and the Dutch: Early Reactions to Cartesianism (1637–1650);and Spinoza’s Theologico-political Treatise: Exploring the “Will of God.” He is the editor of Descartes et Regius: Autour de l’explication de l’esprit and Johannes Clauberg (1622–1665) and Cartesian Philosophy in the Seventeenth Century.

• Editor’s Foreword PrefaceReader’s NoteChronologyIntroductionDescartes: Life and TimesTHE DICTIONARYBibliographyAbout the Authors

Roger Ariew is distinguished professor in the Department of Philosophy at the University of South Florida. He is the author of Descartes and the Last Scholastics, Descartes among the Scholastics, and Descartes and the First Cartesians; he is the editor or co-editor, of many volumes, including: with Marjorie Grene, of Descartes and His Contemporaries and, with Daniel Garber, of the 10-volume collection, Descartes in 17th-Century England. He is also the editor and translator of Descartes: Philosophical Essays and Correspondence, and Pascal, Pensées, of Leibniz: Philosophical Essays, with Daniel Garber, of Montaigne, Apology forRaymond Sebond, with Marjorie Grene, and of Background Source Materials: Descartes’ Meditations, with John Cottingham and Tom Sorell. Ariew’s research has been supported by fellowships and grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities, The National Science Foundation, and the American Council for Learned SocietiesDouglas M. Jesseph is Professor of Philosophy at the University of South Florida. He is the author of Squaring the Circle: The War between Hobbes and Wallis and Berkeley’s Philosophy of Mathematics. He is the editor and translator of Berkeley’s De Motu and The Analyst and the editor of the forthcoming three-volume Hobbes’s Mathematical Works.Tad M. Schmaltz is Professor of Philosophy and James B. and Grace J. Nelson Fellow at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He is the author of Malebranche’s Theory of the Soul: A Cartesian Interpretation, Radical Cartesianism: The French Reception of Descartes, Descartes on Causation, Early Modern Cartesianisms: Dutch and French Constructions, and TheMetaphysics of the Material World: Suárez, Descartes, Spinoza. He also has edited or co-edited: Receptions of Descartes: Cartesianism and Anti-Cartesianism in Early Modern Europe; Efficient Causation: A History; The Problem of Universals in Early Modern Philosophy; and The Oxford Handbook of Descartes and Cartesianism.Theo Verbeek is Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Utrecht. He is the author of La querelle d’Utrecht; Descartes and the Dutch: Early Reactions to Cartesianism (1637–1650);and Spinoza’s Theologico-political Treatise: Exploring the “Will of God.” He is the editor of Descartes et Regius: Autour de l’explication de l’esprit and Johannes Clauberg (1622–1665) and Cartesian Philosophy in the Seventeenth Century.

• Editor’s Foreword PrefaceReader’s NoteChronologyIntroductionDescartes: Life and TimesTHE DICTIONARYBibliographyAbout the Authors