Saber Saleuddin, PhD, is a University Professor Emeritus in the Department of Biology, York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He has published extensively in international journals and co-edited seven books on molluscan physiology. He served as co-editor of the Canadian Journal of Zoology for 18 years and was president of the Canadian Society of Zoologists, from whom he received a Distinguished Service Medal. Sally P. Leys, PhD, is a Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Alberta, in Edmonton, Canada. She was also a Canada Research Chair Tier II in Evolutionary and Developmental Biology at the University of Alberta. Dr. Leys has authored over 100 journal articles, book chapters and advisory reports. She has received several fellowships and awards for her work.Robert D. Roer, PhD, is Professor Emeritus of Biology and Marine Biology at the University of North Carolina, Wilmington, USA, where he served as Dean of the Graduate School and Research and Chief Research Officer. Dr. Roer was Treasurer of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology and President of the NC Conference of Graduate Schools. He is on the executive board of the Conference of Southern Graduate Schools. Dr. Roer conducted research in the fields of biomineralization and ion transport and is the author of many journal articles and book chapters. Iain C. Wilkie, PhD, is an Affiliate Researcher in the School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine at the University of Glasgow Scotland. He held a faculty position at Glasgow Caledonian University for over 30 years. He has published over 90 papers and, is on the editorial board of Zoomorphology and is Chief Editor of The Glasgow Naturalist. In 2006 he was awarded an honorary doctorate in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology by the University of Milan, Italy.

• 1. Physiology of Reproduction in Porifera 2. The Physiology of Sponge Behavior 3. Sponge Symbiosis: Microbes Make an Essential Part of What It Means to Be a Sponge 4. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling through Marine Sponges: Physiology, Cytology, Genomics, and Ecological Implications 5. Nerve Nets and Centralized Nervous Systems in Cnidarians 6. Neuropeptides as Potentiators of Coral Polyp Contraction 7. Coral Calcification at the Cellular Scale: Insight through the ‘Window’ of the Growing Edge 8. The Placozoa: General Biology, Genomics, Cell Signaling, and Behavior

Saber Saleuddin, PhD, is a University Professor Emeritus in the Department of Biology, York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He has published extensively in international journals and co-edited seven books on molluscan physiology. He served as co-editor of the Canadian Journal of Zoology for 18 years and was president of the Canadian Society of Zoologists, from whom he received a Distinguished Service Medal. Sally P. Leys, PhD, is a Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Alberta, in Edmonton, Canada. She was also a Canada Research Chair Tier II in Evolutionary and Developmental Biology at the University of Alberta. Dr. Leys has authored over 100 journal articles, book chapters and advisory reports. She has received several fellowships and awards for her work.Robert D. Roer, PhD, is Professor Emeritus of Biology and Marine Biology at the University of North Carolina, Wilmington, USA, where he served as Dean of the Graduate School and Research and Chief Research Officer. Dr. Roer was Treasurer of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology and President of the NC Conference of Graduate Schools. He is on the executive board of the Conference of Southern Graduate Schools. Dr. Roer conducted research in the fields of biomineralization and ion transport and is the author of many journal articles and book chapters. Iain C. Wilkie, PhD, is an Affiliate Researcher in the School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine at the University of Glasgow Scotland. He held a faculty position at Glasgow Caledonian University for over 30 years. He has published over 90 papers and, is on the editorial board of Zoomorphology and is Chief Editor of The Glasgow Naturalist. In 2006 he was awarded an honorary doctorate in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology by the University of Milan, Italy.

• 1. Physiology of Reproduction in Porifera 2. The Physiology of Sponge Behavior 3. Sponge Symbiosis: Microbes Make an Essential Part of What It Means to Be a Sponge 4. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling through Marine Sponges: Physiology, Cytology, Genomics, and Ecological Implications 5. Nerve Nets and Centralized Nervous Systems in Cnidarians 6. Neuropeptides as Potentiators of Coral Polyp Contraction 7. Coral Calcification at the Cellular Scale: Insight through the ‘Window’ of the Growing Edge 8. The Placozoa: General Biology, Genomics, Cell Signaling, and Behavior

Saber Saleuddin, PhD, is a University Professor Emeritus in the Department of Biology, York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He has published extensively in international journals and co-edited seven books on molluscan physiology. He served as co-editor of the Canadian Journal of Zoology for 18 years and was president of the Canadian Society of Zoologists, from whom he received a Distinguished Service Medal. Sally P. Leys, PhD, is a Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Alberta, in Edmonton, Canada. She was also a Canada Research Chair Tier II in Evolutionary and Developmental Biology at the University of Alberta. Dr. Leys has authored over 100 journal articles, book chapters and advisory reports. She has received several fellowships and awards for her work.Robert D. Roer, PhD, is Professor Emeritus of Biology and Marine Biology at the University of North Carolina, Wilmington, USA, where he served as Dean of the Graduate School and Research and Chief Research Officer. Dr. Roer was Treasurer of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology and President of the NC Conference of Graduate Schools. He is on the executive board of the Conference of Southern Graduate Schools. Dr. Roer conducted research in the fields of biomineralization and ion transport and is the author of many journal articles and book chapters. Iain C. Wilkie, PhD, is an Affiliate Researcher in the School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine at the University of Glasgow Scotland. He held a faculty position at Glasgow Caledonian University for over 30 years. He has published over 90 papers and, is on the editorial board of Zoomorphology and is Chief Editor of The Glasgow Naturalist. In 2006 he was awarded an honorary doctorate in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology by the University of Milan, Italy.

• 1. Physiology of Reproduction in Porifera 2. The Physiology of Sponge Behavior 3. Sponge Symbiosis: Microbes Make an Essential Part of What It Means to Be a Sponge 4. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling through Marine Sponges: Physiology, Cytology, Genomics, and Ecological Implications 5. Nerve Nets and Centralized Nervous Systems in Cnidarians 6. Neuropeptides as Potentiators of Coral Polyp Contraction 7. Coral Calcification at the Cellular Scale: Insight through the ‘Window’ of the Growing Edge 8. The Placozoa: General Biology, Genomics, Cell Signaling, and Behavior