Jennifer E. Lawson, PhD, is the creator of the Hands-On books published by Portage & Main Press. As senior writer and editor for the series, she has contributed to more than 50 publications for teachers and students. Jennifer provides professional development workshops for educators locally, nationally, and virtually, and is a Workplace Wellness Advisor. Her most recent book is a collective effort called Teacher, Take Care: A Guide to Well-Being and Workplace Wellness for Educators. She is also one of the founders of Mission to Mexico, an organization that supports schools in some of the most impoverished communities in Puerto Vallarta. Throughout her extensive career in education, Jennifer has worked as a classroom teacher, resource and special education teacher, consultant, principal, university instructor, and school trustee. She lives with her family in Winnipeg, Manitoba.For over 20 years, Kellie Ierullo (she, her, hers) has been an educator with the Toronto District School Board including as a classroom teacher, special education teacher, and now as a teacher-librarian, technology chair and science/STEM lead educator. Kellie is passionate about helping teachers engage students through meaningful coding and STEM activities and encouraging students to move beyond navigating technology to creating it for themselves. Kellie lives in Woodbridge, Ontario with her family.Jennifer H. Manitowabi (she/her/hers) is an Ojibway educator and PhD student at Lakehead University. Throughout her career in education in both Canada and the US, she has worked as a bus driver, classroom teacher, principal, and education director. Jennifer encourages all teachers to incorporate Indigenous worldviews into their lessons and find opportunities to build relationships with the First Nations of Turtle Island. Jennifer is a member of Lac Seul First Nation, where she currently resides, and can often be found creating artwork that celebrates her culture.

• Introduction to Hands-On Science and Technology for Ontario, Grade 2 1Introduction to Hands-On Science and Technology 2Program Introduction 2The Inquiry Approach to Science and Technology 221st Century Teaching and Learning 3The Goals of the Science and Technology Program 3Hands-On Science and Technology Strands and Expectations 4Hands-On Science and Technology Fundamental Concepts and Big Ideas 4Hands-On Science and Technology Program Principles 5Infusing Indigenous Perspectives 5Cultural Connections 7Land-Based Learning 7Technology 7Sustainability 7Program Implementation 8Program Resources 8Classroom Environment 11Planning Units—Timelines 12Classroom Management 12Classroom Safety 12Scientific Inquiry Skills: Guidelines for Teachers 12Observing 12Questioning 13Exploring 13Classifying 13Measuring 14Communicating, Analyzing, and Interpreting 14Predicting 15Inferring 15Inquiry Through Investigating and Experimenting 16Inquiry Through Research 16Online Considerations 17Addressing Students’ Early Literacy Needs 17Technological Problem Solving 17Makerspace 18The Hands-On Science and Technology Assessment Plan 20Assessment for Learning 21Assessment as Learning 21Assessment of Learning 22Performance Assessment 23Portfolios 23Evidence of Student Achievement Levels for Evaluation 24Important Note to Teachers 24References 25Assessment Reproducibles 26Achievement Chart for Science & Technology 41Unit 1: Growth and Changes in Animals 43Introduction 44Unit Overview 48Curriculum Correlation 49Resources for Students 51Websites and Videos 531 What Do We Know About Growth and Changes in Animals? 552 How Do Humans Grow and Change? 603 How Can Animals Be Grouped by Observable Characteristics? 644 What Are Some Other Ways to Group Animals? 705 How Do Animals Change Throughout Their Lives? 766 What More Can We Learn About Life Cycles? 827 What More Can We Learn About Mealworms? 888 How Can We Compare Adult Animals With Their Offspring? 939 How Do Animals Care for Their Offspring? 9810 How Do Animals Meet Their Needs? 10411 What Is an Animal Habitat? 10812 How Do the Seasons Affect Animals? 11213 How Do Humans Help and Harm Other Animals? 11714 Inquiry Project: What More Do I Want to Know About How Animals Grow and Change? 123Unit 2: Movement 127Introduction 128Unit Overview 131Curriculum Correlation 132Resources for Students 133Websites and Online Videos 1341 What Do We Want to Learn About Movement? 1352 How Can We Describe the Position of an Object? 1413 How Does My Position Change? 1464 How Did That Object Move? 1515 How Do Balls Move? 1566 How Can We Move an Object? 1617 How Does Friction Affect Moving Objects? 1658 How Do Ramps Make Motion Easier? 1719 How Can We Move Loads More Easily? 17510 How Do Wheels and Axles Work Together? 18011 How Will I Design and Build a Toy Truck? 18412 What Can We Learn About Other Simple Machines? 18713 Inquiry Project: What Else Do I Want to Know About Movement? 191Unit 3: Properties of Liquids and Solids 195Introduction 196Unit Overview 199Curriculum Correlation 200Resources for Students 201Websites and Online Videos 2021 What Do I Know About Solids and Liquids? 2032 What Are Solids and Liquids? 2073 What Are Some More Properties of Liquids? 2134 Can Liquids Mix and Stay Mixed? 2205 What Happens to Sugar When It Is Mixed With a Liquid? 2256 Do All Solids Dissolve in Liquids? 2307 Which Materials Are Best for Absorbing Liquids? 2358 How Can We Combine Solids and Liquids to Make Useful Products? 2419 How Do We Stay Safe When Using Liquids and Solids? 24610 How Does Water Change From a Solid to a Liquid and From a Liquid to a Solid? 25111 Why Do Some Objects Float? 25612 How Can I Design an Object That Floats? 26213 Inquiry Project: What More Do I Want to Learn About Solids and Liquids? 268Unit 4: Air and Water in the Environment 273Introduction 274Unit Overview 277Curriculum Correlation 278Resources for Students 279Websites and Online Videos 2811 What Do We Know About Air and Water? 2842 What Are the Properties of Air? 2893 How Does Air Move Objects? 2944 How Do Wind-Powered Devices Work? 3005 What Are the Effects of Changes in Air Temperature? 3056 What Forms of Water Are Found on Earth? 3107 How Does Water Move Through the Water Cycle? 3148 What Factors Help Things to Dry More Quickly? 3209 What Are Sources of Safe Drinking Water? 32510 How Can We Use Water Wisely? 33011 How Can We Keep Our Air and Water Clean? 33512 Inquiry Project: What Else Do I Want to Learn About Air and Water? 340References 344Appendix: Image Banks 347About the Contributors 358

Jennifer E. Lawson, PhD, is the creator of the Hands-On books published by Portage & Main Press. As senior writer and editor for the series, she has contributed to more than 50 publications for teachers and students. Jennifer provides professional development workshops for educators locally, nationally, and virtually, and is a Workplace Wellness Advisor. Her most recent book is a collective effort called Teacher, Take Care: A Guide to Well-Being and Workplace Wellness for Educators. She is also one of the founders of Mission to Mexico, an organization that supports schools in some of the most impoverished communities in Puerto Vallarta. Throughout her extensive career in education, Jennifer has worked as a classroom teacher, resource and special education teacher, consultant, principal, university instructor, and school trustee. She lives with her family in Winnipeg, Manitoba.For over 20 years, Kellie Ierullo (she, her, hers) has been an educator with the Toronto District School Board including as a classroom teacher, special education teacher, and now as a teacher-librarian, technology chair and science/STEM lead educator. Kellie is passionate about helping teachers engage students through meaningful coding and STEM activities and encouraging students to move beyond navigating technology to creating it for themselves. Kellie lives in Woodbridge, Ontario with her family.Jennifer H. Manitowabi (she/her/hers) is an Ojibway educator and PhD student at Lakehead University. Throughout her career in education in both Canada and the US, she has worked as a bus driver, classroom teacher, principal, and education director. Jennifer encourages all teachers to incorporate Indigenous worldviews into their lessons and find opportunities to build relationships with the First Nations of Turtle Island. Jennifer is a member of Lac Seul First Nation, where she currently resides, and can often be found creating artwork that celebrates her culture.

• Introduction to Hands-On Science and Technology for Ontario, Grade 2 1Introduction to Hands-On Science and Technology 2Program Introduction 2The Inquiry Approach to Science and Technology 221st Century Teaching and Learning 3The Goals of the Science and Technology Program 3Hands-On Science and Technology Strands and Expectations 4Hands-On Science and Technology Fundamental Concepts and Big Ideas 4Hands-On Science and Technology Program Principles 5Infusing Indigenous Perspectives 5Cultural Connections 7Land-Based Learning 7Technology 7Sustainability 7Program Implementation 8Program Resources 8Classroom Environment 11Planning Units—Timelines 12Classroom Management 12Classroom Safety 12Scientific Inquiry Skills: Guidelines for Teachers 12Observing 12Questioning 13Exploring 13Classifying 13Measuring 14Communicating, Analyzing, and Interpreting 14Predicting 15Inferring 15Inquiry Through Investigating and Experimenting 16Inquiry Through Research 16Online Considerations 17Addressing Students’ Early Literacy Needs 17Technological Problem Solving 17Makerspace 18The Hands-On Science and Technology Assessment Plan 20Assessment for Learning 21Assessment as Learning 21Assessment of Learning 22Performance Assessment 23Portfolios 23Evidence of Student Achievement Levels for Evaluation 24Important Note to Teachers 24References 25Assessment Reproducibles 26Achievement Chart for Science & Technology 41Unit 1: Growth and Changes in Animals 43Introduction 44Unit Overview 48Curriculum Correlation 49Resources for Students 51Websites and Videos 531 What Do We Know About Growth and Changes in Animals? 552 How Do Humans Grow and Change? 603 How Can Animals Be Grouped by Observable Characteristics? 644 What Are Some Other Ways to Group Animals? 705 How Do Animals Change Throughout Their Lives? 766 What More Can We Learn About Life Cycles? 827 What More Can We Learn About Mealworms? 888 How Can We Compare Adult Animals With Their Offspring? 939 How Do Animals Care for Their Offspring? 9810 How Do Animals Meet Their Needs? 10411 What Is an Animal Habitat? 10812 How Do the Seasons Affect Animals? 11213 How Do Humans Help and Harm Other Animals? 11714 Inquiry Project: What More Do I Want to Know About How Animals Grow and Change? 123Unit 2: Movement 127Introduction 128Unit Overview 131Curriculum Correlation 132Resources for Students 133Websites and Online Videos 1341 What Do We Want to Learn About Movement? 1352 How Can We Describe the Position of an Object? 1413 How Does My Position Change? 1464 How Did That Object Move? 1515 How Do Balls Move? 1566 How Can We Move an Object? 1617 How Does Friction Affect Moving Objects? 1658 How Do Ramps Make Motion Easier? 1719 How Can We Move Loads More Easily? 17510 How Do Wheels and Axles Work Together? 18011 How Will I Design and Build a Toy Truck? 18412 What Can We Learn About Other Simple Machines? 18713 Inquiry Project: What Else Do I Want to Know About Movement? 191Unit 3: Properties of Liquids and Solids 195Introduction 196Unit Overview 199Curriculum Correlation 200Resources for Students 201Websites and Online Videos 2021 What Do I Know About Solids and Liquids? 2032 What Are Solids and Liquids? 2073 What Are Some More Properties of Liquids? 2134 Can Liquids Mix and Stay Mixed? 2205 What Happens to Sugar When It Is Mixed With a Liquid? 2256 Do All Solids Dissolve in Liquids? 2307 Which Materials Are Best for Absorbing Liquids? 2358 How Can We Combine Solids and Liquids to Make Useful Products? 2419 How Do We Stay Safe When Using Liquids and Solids? 24610 How Does Water Change From a Solid to a Liquid and From a Liquid to a Solid? 25111 Why Do Some Objects Float? 25612 How Can I Design an Object That Floats? 26213 Inquiry Project: What More Do I Want to Learn About Solids and Liquids? 268Unit 4: Air and Water in the Environment 273Introduction 274Unit Overview 277Curriculum Correlation 278Resources for Students 279Websites and Online Videos 2811 What Do We Know About Air and Water? 2842 What Are the Properties of Air? 2893 How Does Air Move Objects? 2944 How Do Wind-Powered Devices Work? 3005 What Are the Effects of Changes in Air Temperature? 3056 What Forms of Water Are Found on Earth? 3107 How Does Water Move Through the Water Cycle? 3148 What Factors Help Things to Dry More Quickly? 3209 What Are Sources of Safe Drinking Water? 32510 How Can We Use Water Wisely? 33011 How Can We Keep Our Air and Water Clean? 33512 Inquiry Project: What Else Do I Want to Learn About Air and Water? 340References 344Appendix: Image Banks 347About the Contributors 358

Jennifer E. Lawson, PhD, is the creator of the Hands-On books published by Portage & Main Press. As senior writer and editor for the series, she has contributed to more than 50 publications for teachers and students. Jennifer provides professional development workshops for educators locally, nationally, and virtually, and is a Workplace Wellness Advisor. Her most recent book is a collective effort called Teacher, Take Care: A Guide to Well-Being and Workplace Wellness for Educators. She is also one of the founders of Mission to Mexico, an organization that supports schools in some of the most impoverished communities in Puerto Vallarta. Throughout her extensive career in education, Jennifer has worked as a classroom teacher, resource and special education teacher, consultant, principal, university instructor, and school trustee. She lives with her family in Winnipeg, Manitoba.For over 20 years, Kellie Ierullo (she, her, hers) has been an educator with the Toronto District School Board including as a classroom teacher, special education teacher, and now as a teacher-librarian, technology chair and science/STEM lead educator. Kellie is passionate about helping teachers engage students through meaningful coding and STEM activities and encouraging students to move beyond navigating technology to creating it for themselves. Kellie lives in Woodbridge, Ontario with her family.Jennifer H. Manitowabi (she/her/hers) is an Ojibway educator and PhD student at Lakehead University. Throughout her career in education in both Canada and the US, she has worked as a bus driver, classroom teacher, principal, and education director. Jennifer encourages all teachers to incorporate Indigenous worldviews into their lessons and find opportunities to build relationships with the First Nations of Turtle Island. Jennifer is a member of Lac Seul First Nation, where she currently resides, and can often be found creating artwork that celebrates her culture.

• Introduction to Hands-On Science and Technology for Ontario, Grade 2 1Introduction to Hands-On Science and Technology 2Program Introduction 2The Inquiry Approach to Science and Technology 221st Century Teaching and Learning 3The Goals of the Science and Technology Program 3Hands-On Science and Technology Strands and Expectations 4Hands-On Science and Technology Fundamental Concepts and Big Ideas 4Hands-On Science and Technology Program Principles 5Infusing Indigenous Perspectives 5Cultural Connections 7Land-Based Learning 7Technology 7Sustainability 7Program Implementation 8Program Resources 8Classroom Environment 11Planning Units—Timelines 12Classroom Management 12Classroom Safety 12Scientific Inquiry Skills: Guidelines for Teachers 12Observing 12Questioning 13Exploring 13Classifying 13Measuring 14Communicating, Analyzing, and Interpreting 14Predicting 15Inferring 15Inquiry Through Investigating and Experimenting 16Inquiry Through Research 16Online Considerations 17Addressing Students’ Early Literacy Needs 17Technological Problem Solving 17Makerspace 18The Hands-On Science and Technology Assessment Plan 20Assessment for Learning 21Assessment as Learning 21Assessment of Learning 22Performance Assessment 23Portfolios 23Evidence of Student Achievement Levels for Evaluation 24Important Note to Teachers 24References 25Assessment Reproducibles 26Achievement Chart for Science & Technology 41Unit 1: Growth and Changes in Animals 43Introduction 44Unit Overview 48Curriculum Correlation 49Resources for Students 51Websites and Videos 531 What Do We Know About Growth and Changes in Animals? 552 How Do Humans Grow and Change? 603 How Can Animals Be Grouped by Observable Characteristics? 644 What Are Some Other Ways to Group Animals? 705 How Do Animals Change Throughout Their Lives? 766 What More Can We Learn About Life Cycles? 827 What More Can We Learn About Mealworms? 888 How Can We Compare Adult Animals With Their Offspring? 939 How Do Animals Care for Their Offspring? 9810 How Do Animals Meet Their Needs? 10411 What Is an Animal Habitat? 10812 How Do the Seasons Affect Animals? 11213 How Do Humans Help and Harm Other Animals? 11714 Inquiry Project: What More Do I Want to Know About How Animals Grow and Change? 123Unit 2: Movement 127Introduction 128Unit Overview 131Curriculum Correlation 132Resources for Students 133Websites and Online Videos 1341 What Do We Want to Learn About Movement? 1352 How Can We Describe the Position of an Object? 1413 How Does My Position Change? 1464 How Did That Object Move? 1515 How Do Balls Move? 1566 How Can We Move an Object? 1617 How Does Friction Affect Moving Objects? 1658 How Do Ramps Make Motion Easier? 1719 How Can We Move Loads More Easily? 17510 How Do Wheels and Axles Work Together? 18011 How Will I Design and Build a Toy Truck? 18412 What Can We Learn About Other Simple Machines? 18713 Inquiry Project: What Else Do I Want to Know About Movement? 191Unit 3: Properties of Liquids and Solids 195Introduction 196Unit Overview 199Curriculum Correlation 200Resources for Students 201Websites and Online Videos 2021 What Do I Know About Solids and Liquids? 2032 What Are Solids and Liquids? 2073 What Are Some More Properties of Liquids? 2134 Can Liquids Mix and Stay Mixed? 2205 What Happens to Sugar When It Is Mixed With a Liquid? 2256 Do All Solids Dissolve in Liquids? 2307 Which Materials Are Best for Absorbing Liquids? 2358 How Can We Combine Solids and Liquids to Make Useful Products? 2419 How Do We Stay Safe When Using Liquids and Solids? 24610 How Does Water Change From a Solid to a Liquid and From a Liquid to a Solid? 25111 Why Do Some Objects Float? 25612 How Can I Design an Object That Floats? 26213 Inquiry Project: What More Do I Want to Learn About Solids and Liquids? 268Unit 4: Air and Water in the Environment 273Introduction 274Unit Overview 277Curriculum Correlation 278Resources for Students 279Websites and Online Videos 2811 What Do We Know About Air and Water? 2842 What Are the Properties of Air? 2893 How Does Air Move Objects? 2944 How Do Wind-Powered Devices Work? 3005 What Are the Effects of Changes in Air Temperature? 3056 What Forms of Water Are Found on Earth? 3107 How Does Water Move Through the Water Cycle? 3148 What Factors Help Things to Dry More Quickly? 3209 What Are Sources of Safe Drinking Water? 32510 How Can We Use Water Wisely? 33011 How Can We Keep Our Air and Water Clean? 33512 Inquiry Project: What Else Do I Want to Learn About Air and Water? 340References 344Appendix: Image Banks 347About the Contributors 358