Dirk Schumann is a Professor of Modern History at Georg-August-University Gottingen. He was Deputy Director of the German Historical Institute Washington, D.C., from 2002 to 2007 and an Adjunct Professor at the University of Bielefeld. From 1999 to 2002 he taught as Visiting Professor at Emory University. He is the author of Political Violence in the Weimar Republic, 1918-1933: Fight for the Streets and Fear of Civil War (English edition, Berghahn Books, 2009) and has co-edited Life After Death (Cambridge University Press, 2003), Violence and Society after the First World War (fi rst issue of Journal of Modern European History, 2003), and Between Mass Death and Individual Loss: Th e Place of the Dead in Twentieth-Century Germany (Berghahn Books, 2008).

"This is an inspiring book for any social scientist analyzing childhood - the range of topics that are presented in this way allows insight into many constellations of 'raising citizens,' so that we can consider the linkage of child-rearing and education to the development of political systems in many variations. The various chapters taken together convey evidence for the main idea of the book: twentieth-century childhood is a political, and especially, national affair." * H-Childhood "The strength of this impressive collection is that it brings the family and childhood back in and emphasizes the significance of these subjects for understanding debates over citizenship, the relationship of the public to the private, religion, science, and secularization in the twentieth century. The comparative focus on Germany and the United States works well, and several of the articles are in (at least indirect) conversation with each other in ways that illuminate the comparison." * Robert G. Moeller, University of California, Irvine

• Introduction: Child-Rearing and Citizenship in the Twentieth Century PART I: FOUNDATIONS Chapter 1. Children and the National Interest Sonya Michel (with Eszter Varsa) PART II: NEW BEGINNINGS Chapter 2. Children's Future, Nation's Future: Race, Citizenship, and the U.S. Children's Bureau Katherine Bullard Chapter 3. From Reform Pedagogy to War Pedagogy: Education Reform before 1914 and the Mobilization for War in Germany Andrew Donson Chapter 4. 'Linked with the welfare of all peoples': The American Kindergarten, Americanization, and Internationalism in World War I Ellen Berg PART III: REDEFINING PARENTS' ROLES Chapter 5. How Should We Raise Our Son Benjamin? Advice Literature for Mothers in Early Twentieth-Century Germany Carolyn Kay Chapter 6. Debunking Mother Love: American Mothers and the Momism Critique in the Mid-Twentieth Century Rebecca Jo Plant Chapter 7. Paternity, Rechristianization, and the Quest for Democracy in Postwar West Germany Till van Rahden PART IV: PARENTAL RIGHTS AND STATE DEMANDS Chapter 8. Who Owns Children? Parents, Children, and the State in the United States South Charles A. Israel Chapter 9. 'Children Betray their Father and Mother': Collective Education, Nationalism, and Democracy in the Bohemian Lands, 1900-1948 Tara Zahra Chapter 10. Asserting Their 'Natural Right': Parents and Public Schooling in Post-1945 Germany Dirk Schumann Chapter 11. 'Special Relationships': The State, Social Workers, and Abused Children in the United States, 1950-1990 Lynne Curry Notes on Contributors Bibliography Index

Dirk Schumann is a Professor of Modern History at Georg-August-University Gottingen. He was Deputy Director of the German Historical Institute Washington, D.C., from 2002 to 2007 and an Adjunct Professor at the University of Bielefeld. From 1999 to 2002 he taught as Visiting Professor at Emory University. He is the author of Political Violence in the Weimar Republic, 1918-1933: Fight for the Streets and Fear of Civil War (English edition, Berghahn Books, 2009) and has co-edited Life After Death (Cambridge University Press, 2003), Violence and Society after the First World War (fi rst issue of Journal of Modern European History, 2003), and Between Mass Death and Individual Loss: Th e Place of the Dead in Twentieth-Century Germany (Berghahn Books, 2008).

"This is an inspiring book for any social scientist analyzing childhood - the range of topics that are presented in this way allows insight into many constellations of 'raising citizens,' so that we can consider the linkage of child-rearing and education to the development of political systems in many variations. The various chapters taken together convey evidence for the main idea of the book: twentieth-century childhood is a political, and especially, national affair." * H-Childhood "The strength of this impressive collection is that it brings the family and childhood back in and emphasizes the significance of these subjects for understanding debates over citizenship, the relationship of the public to the private, religion, science, and secularization in the twentieth century. The comparative focus on Germany and the United States works well, and several of the articles are in (at least indirect) conversation with each other in ways that illuminate the comparison." * Robert G. Moeller, University of California, Irvine

• Introduction: Child-Rearing and Citizenship in the Twentieth Century PART I: FOUNDATIONS Chapter 1. Children and the National Interest Sonya Michel (with Eszter Varsa) PART II: NEW BEGINNINGS Chapter 2. Children's Future, Nation's Future: Race, Citizenship, and the U.S. Children's Bureau Katherine Bullard Chapter 3. From Reform Pedagogy to War Pedagogy: Education Reform before 1914 and the Mobilization for War in Germany Andrew Donson Chapter 4. 'Linked with the welfare of all peoples': The American Kindergarten, Americanization, and Internationalism in World War I Ellen Berg PART III: REDEFINING PARENTS' ROLES Chapter 5. How Should We Raise Our Son Benjamin? Advice Literature for Mothers in Early Twentieth-Century Germany Carolyn Kay Chapter 6. Debunking Mother Love: American Mothers and the Momism Critique in the Mid-Twentieth Century Rebecca Jo Plant Chapter 7. Paternity, Rechristianization, and the Quest for Democracy in Postwar West Germany Till van Rahden PART IV: PARENTAL RIGHTS AND STATE DEMANDS Chapter 8. Who Owns Children? Parents, Children, and the State in the United States South Charles A. Israel Chapter 9. 'Children Betray their Father and Mother': Collective Education, Nationalism, and Democracy in the Bohemian Lands, 1900-1948 Tara Zahra Chapter 10. Asserting Their 'Natural Right': Parents and Public Schooling in Post-1945 Germany Dirk Schumann Chapter 11. 'Special Relationships': The State, Social Workers, and Abused Children in the United States, 1950-1990 Lynne Curry Notes on Contributors Bibliography Index

Dirk Schumann is a Professor of Modern History at Georg-August-University Gottingen. He was Deputy Director of the German Historical Institute Washington, D.C., from 2002 to 2007 and an Adjunct Professor at the University of Bielefeld. From 1999 to 2002 he taught as Visiting Professor at Emory University. He is the author of Political Violence in the Weimar Republic, 1918-1933: Fight for the Streets and Fear of Civil War (English edition, Berghahn Books, 2009) and has co-edited Life After Death (Cambridge University Press, 2003), Violence and Society after the First World War (fi rst issue of Journal of Modern European History, 2003), and Between Mass Death and Individual Loss: Th e Place of the Dead in Twentieth-Century Germany (Berghahn Books, 2008).

"This is an inspiring book for any social scientist analyzing childhood - the range of topics that are presented in this way allows insight into many constellations of 'raising citizens,' so that we can consider the linkage of child-rearing and education to the development of political systems in many variations. The various chapters taken together convey evidence for the main idea of the book: twentieth-century childhood is a political, and especially, national affair." * H-Childhood "The strength of this impressive collection is that it brings the family and childhood back in and emphasizes the significance of these subjects for understanding debates over citizenship, the relationship of the public to the private, religion, science, and secularization in the twentieth century. The comparative focus on Germany and the United States works well, and several of the articles are in (at least indirect) conversation with each other in ways that illuminate the comparison." * Robert G. Moeller, University of California, Irvine

• Introduction: Child-Rearing and Citizenship in the Twentieth Century PART I: FOUNDATIONS Chapter 1. Children and the National Interest Sonya Michel (with Eszter Varsa) PART II: NEW BEGINNINGS Chapter 2. Children's Future, Nation's Future: Race, Citizenship, and the U.S. Children's Bureau Katherine Bullard Chapter 3. From Reform Pedagogy to War Pedagogy: Education Reform before 1914 and the Mobilization for War in Germany Andrew Donson Chapter 4. 'Linked with the welfare of all peoples': The American Kindergarten, Americanization, and Internationalism in World War I Ellen Berg PART III: REDEFINING PARENTS' ROLES Chapter 5. How Should We Raise Our Son Benjamin? Advice Literature for Mothers in Early Twentieth-Century Germany Carolyn Kay Chapter 6. Debunking Mother Love: American Mothers and the Momism Critique in the Mid-Twentieth Century Rebecca Jo Plant Chapter 7. Paternity, Rechristianization, and the Quest for Democracy in Postwar West Germany Till van Rahden PART IV: PARENTAL RIGHTS AND STATE DEMANDS Chapter 8. Who Owns Children? Parents, Children, and the State in the United States South Charles A. Israel Chapter 9. 'Children Betray their Father and Mother': Collective Education, Nationalism, and Democracy in the Bohemian Lands, 1900-1948 Tara Zahra Chapter 10. Asserting Their 'Natural Right': Parents and Public Schooling in Post-1945 Germany Dirk Schumann Chapter 11. 'Special Relationships': The State, Social Workers, and Abused Children in the United States, 1950-1990 Lynne Curry Notes on Contributors Bibliography Index