Justin Kestler is a wildlife biologist and outdoor educator. He graduated from Sault College’s School of Natural Environment and earned a communications degree from the University of Toronto. He has been involved in various wildlife monitoring projects and worked as a field technician for Natural Resources Canada, McMaster University and the University of Alberta.

• Acknowledgements Introduction and Guide Interpretation - Materials and Methods - Hair Scale Reference Key - Winter White Colour Phases - Undersides: Colour Differences in Guard Hairs - Colour Morphs and Regional Variations CANIDAE Swift Fox Arctic Fox Grey Fox Red Fox Coyote Grey Wolf FELIDAE Bobcat Canada Lynx Mountain Lion MEPHITIDAE Western Spotted Skunk Striped Skunk MUSTELIDAE Least Weasel Short-Tailed Weasel Long-Tailed Weasel American Mink Black-Footed Ferret American Marten Fisher American Badger Northern River Otter Wolverine PROCYONIDAE Raccoon URSIDAE Black Bear Grizzly Bear Polar Bear References Appendix 1: A Summary of Scale Types Appendix 2: Patterns and Comparisons

Justin Kestler is a wildlife biologist and outdoor educator. He graduated from Sault College’s School of Natural Environment and earned a communications degree from the University of Toronto. He has been involved in various wildlife monitoring projects and worked as a field technician for Natural Resources Canada, McMaster University and the University of Alberta.

• Acknowledgements Introduction and Guide Interpretation - Materials and Methods - Hair Scale Reference Key - Winter White Colour Phases - Undersides: Colour Differences in Guard Hairs - Colour Morphs and Regional Variations CANIDAE Swift Fox Arctic Fox Grey Fox Red Fox Coyote Grey Wolf FELIDAE Bobcat Canada Lynx Mountain Lion MEPHITIDAE Western Spotted Skunk Striped Skunk MUSTELIDAE Least Weasel Short-Tailed Weasel Long-Tailed Weasel American Mink Black-Footed Ferret American Marten Fisher American Badger Northern River Otter Wolverine PROCYONIDAE Raccoon URSIDAE Black Bear Grizzly Bear Polar Bear References Appendix 1: A Summary of Scale Types Appendix 2: Patterns and Comparisons

Justin Kestler is a wildlife biologist and outdoor educator. He graduated from Sault College’s School of Natural Environment and earned a communications degree from the University of Toronto. He has been involved in various wildlife monitoring projects and worked as a field technician for Natural Resources Canada, McMaster University and the University of Alberta.

• Acknowledgements Introduction and Guide Interpretation - Materials and Methods - Hair Scale Reference Key - Winter White Colour Phases - Undersides: Colour Differences in Guard Hairs - Colour Morphs and Regional Variations CANIDAE Swift Fox Arctic Fox Grey Fox Red Fox Coyote Grey Wolf FELIDAE Bobcat Canada Lynx Mountain Lion MEPHITIDAE Western Spotted Skunk Striped Skunk MUSTELIDAE Least Weasel Short-Tailed Weasel Long-Tailed Weasel American Mink Black-Footed Ferret American Marten Fisher American Badger Northern River Otter Wolverine PROCYONIDAE Raccoon URSIDAE Black Bear Grizzly Bear Polar Bear References Appendix 1: A Summary of Scale Types Appendix 2: Patterns and Comparisons