Gunther Schlee is a Founding Director of the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology in Halle, Germany. Prior to this appointment he was a Professor of Social Anthropology at the University of Bielefeld. His main publications include Identities on the Move: Clanship and Pastoralism in Northern Kenya (Manchester University Press, 1989), How Enemies Are Made: Towards a Theory of Ethnic and Religious Conflict (Berghahn Books, 2008) and Pastoralism and Politics (with Abdullahi A. Shongolo, James Currey, 2012). Alexander Horstmann is Associate Professor in Southeast Asian Studies at the School of Humanities, Tallinn University, Estonia. He has held visiting positions at Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Mahidol University and EHESS in Paris. He is co-editor of the Berghahn Journal Advances in Research: Conflict and Society.

“Schlee and Horstmann as the book’s editors must be congratulated on combining a variety of perspectives from around the globe on how differences and sameness may either contribute to or prohibit unity. In this regard, Schlee’s introduction provides a helpful analysis of four models…[It] consists of proper scholarly research well substantiated by references and would therefore serve as good scholarly material. The presentation of the data is not too difficult for a non-specialist who is interested in inter-cultural engagement. In this regard, this collection should attract a wide audience.” • Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (JRAI)“While conflict remains the dominant trope in the analysis of ethnic diversity, the book accrues its value in emphasising coexistence as a mode of managing diversity.” • Social Anthropology/Anthropologie Sociale

• List of Figures and Tables Introduction: Difference and Sameness as Modes of Integration Gunther Schlee Chapter 1. Distances and Hierarchies: The Struggle over Ethnic Symbols in Nepal's Public Spaces Joanna Pfaff-Czarnecka Chapter 2. Identity through Difference: Ambivalences of the Social Integration of Mauritania's Former Slaves Urs Peter Ruf Chapter 3. Identification with the State and Identifications by the State Gunther Schlee Chapter 4. Politics of Belonging and Identity Transformations in Northern Cote d'Ivoire and Western Burkina Faso Youssouf Diallo Chapter 5. Tanguieta: Identity Processes and Political History in a Small African Town Tilo Gratz Chapter 6. Transnational Practices and Post-Soviet Collective Identity Claus Bech Hansen and Markus Kaiser Chapter 7. Living Together: The Transformation of Multi-religious Coexistence in Southern Thailand Alexander Horstmann Chapter 8. Three Dyads Compared: Nuer/Anywaa (Ethiopia), Maasai/Kamba (Kenya), and Evenki/Buryat (Siberia) Gunther Schlee Chapter 9. Ruling over Ethnic and Religious Differences: A Comparative Essay on Empires Gunther Schlee Epilogue Gunther Schlee, Alexander Horstmann, and John Eidson Bibliography