Isabelle Berrebi-Hoffmann is a sociologist and a member of the research faculty at the French National Center for Scientific Research.

“Together the chapters provide a stimulating and empirically rich analysis of the ways in which the public understanding of women’s work has changed in France and Germany, under the various pressures of societal change, economic change, and (shared) commitment to international norms.” • H-France Review“Categories in Context is an impressive accomplishment in terms of unpacking, in rich detail, various categorizations of gender and labor, in terms of their construction, reconstruction, and, at times, deconstruction, in France and Germany since 1900.” • Contemporary Sociology“Overall, this is a worthwhile collection, especially in bringing French and German studies of workplace equality into the same analytical frame. It should serve as an important reference point for anyone interested in histories of gender and employment from the twentieth century to the present day but will appeal especially to those with a background in sociological and statistical analysis.” • Labour History“Categories in Context takes an innovative approach that provides an expansive understanding of economic citizenship in its gendered limits and possibilities. This collection is an important intervention in historicizing gendered workplace regimes and will be a worthy contribution to the field.” • Eileen Boris, University of California, Santa Barbara“The research gathered here is extremely important and well done. It brings together leading experts to illuminate a critical area of gender politics through rich, empirical case studies.” • Amy Mazur, Washington State University

• List of Figures, Tables and GraphsAcknowledgmentsIntroduction: Categories of Gender and Work in Context. Ways Toward a Research AgendaIsabelle Berrebi-Hoffmann, Olivier Giraud, Léa Renard, and Theresa WobbePART I: SHIFTING CATEGORIES FROM A COMPARATIVE RELATIONAL PERSPECTIVEChapter 1. Making Sense of Women’s Labour in the Context of the French Family Business: From Domestic Labour to Recognized WorkOlivier GiraudChapter 2. The Grey Zones between Work and Non-work: Statistical and Social Placing of ‘Family Workers’ in Germany (1880 – 2010)Léa RenardChapter 3. Night Work for Women in France in the Last Two Decades before 2000: Regulations, Discourse and Gender IssuesMichel LallementChapter 4. ‘Women’s Factory Night Work’ in Germany: Changing Classification Schemes in Varying Environments, 1891-1994Theresa Wobbe and Katja MüllerChapter 5. Women on Company Boards in France: French Republican Equality and Anti-Discrimination Laws Conflicting Logics (2006 - 2013)Anne-Françoise Bender, Isabelle Berrebi-Hoffmann, and Philippe ReignéChapter 6. Women on Company Boards in Germany: A Result of Constancy and Change in Gendered Categorizations (1980-2013)Katja MüllerPART II: TRANS-NATIONAL INTERPLAY OF CATEGORIZATIONChapter 7. Dynamics of Gendered Employment Regimes in France and Germany over the two last Decades: How can they be explained?Arnaud LechevalierChapter 8. ‘The Family's Economic Charm’ - Recent Reclassifications of Maternity, Employment, and Family in German Policy from a Historical-Sociological Perspective, 1900-2010Theresa Wobbe, Maike Bussmann, Carolin Höroldt, and Léa RenardChapter 9. From Particular Protection to Universal Principles: Shifting Classifications of Employment Rights in the ILO, the EU, and German Labour Law, 1919 - 1988Theresa Wobbe, Carolin Höroldt, and Maike BussmannChapter 10. Negotiating the Boundaries of Equality at Work: Tensions about a Gendered Employment Norm in France and in the European Community (1914-2014)Ferruccio RicciardiIndex

Isabelle Berrebi-Hoffmann is a sociologist and a member of the research faculty at the French National Center for Scientific Research.

“Together the chapters provide a stimulating and empirically rich analysis of the ways in which the public understanding of women’s work has changed in France and Germany, under the various pressures of societal change, economic change, and (shared) commitment to international norms.” • H-France Review“Categories in Context is an impressive accomplishment in terms of unpacking, in rich detail, various categorizations of gender and labor, in terms of their construction, reconstruction, and, at times, deconstruction, in France and Germany since 1900.” • Contemporary Sociology“Overall, this is a worthwhile collection, especially in bringing French and German studies of workplace equality into the same analytical frame. It should serve as an important reference point for anyone interested in histories of gender and employment from the twentieth century to the present day but will appeal especially to those with a background in sociological and statistical analysis.” • Labour History“Categories in Context takes an innovative approach that provides an expansive understanding of economic citizenship in its gendered limits and possibilities. This collection is an important intervention in historicizing gendered workplace regimes and will be a worthy contribution to the field.” • Eileen Boris, University of California, Santa Barbara“The research gathered here is extremely important and well done. It brings together leading experts to illuminate a critical area of gender politics through rich, empirical case studies.” • Amy Mazur, Washington State University

• List of Figures, Tables and GraphsAcknowledgmentsIntroduction: Categories of Gender and Work in Context. Ways Toward a Research AgendaIsabelle Berrebi-Hoffmann, Olivier Giraud, Léa Renard, and Theresa WobbePART I: SHIFTING CATEGORIES FROM A COMPARATIVE RELATIONAL PERSPECTIVEChapter 1. Making Sense of Women’s Labour in the Context of the French Family Business: From Domestic Labour to Recognized WorkOlivier GiraudChapter 2. The Grey Zones between Work and Non-work: Statistical and Social Placing of ‘Family Workers’ in Germany (1880 – 2010)Léa RenardChapter 3. Night Work for Women in France in the Last Two Decades before 2000: Regulations, Discourse and Gender IssuesMichel LallementChapter 4. ‘Women’s Factory Night Work’ in Germany: Changing Classification Schemes in Varying Environments, 1891-1994Theresa Wobbe and Katja MüllerChapter 5. Women on Company Boards in France: French Republican Equality and Anti-Discrimination Laws Conflicting Logics (2006 - 2013)Anne-Françoise Bender, Isabelle Berrebi-Hoffmann, and Philippe ReignéChapter 6. Women on Company Boards in Germany: A Result of Constancy and Change in Gendered Categorizations (1980-2013)Katja MüllerPART II: TRANS-NATIONAL INTERPLAY OF CATEGORIZATIONChapter 7. Dynamics of Gendered Employment Regimes in France and Germany over the two last Decades: How can they be explained?Arnaud LechevalierChapter 8. ‘The Family's Economic Charm’ - Recent Reclassifications of Maternity, Employment, and Family in German Policy from a Historical-Sociological Perspective, 1900-2010Theresa Wobbe, Maike Bussmann, Carolin Höroldt, and Léa RenardChapter 9. From Particular Protection to Universal Principles: Shifting Classifications of Employment Rights in the ILO, the EU, and German Labour Law, 1919 - 1988Theresa Wobbe, Carolin Höroldt, and Maike BussmannChapter 10. Negotiating the Boundaries of Equality at Work: Tensions about a Gendered Employment Norm in France and in the European Community (1914-2014)Ferruccio RicciardiIndex

Isabelle Berrebi-Hoffmann is a sociologist and a member of the research faculty at the French National Center for Scientific Research.

“Together the chapters provide a stimulating and empirically rich analysis of the ways in which the public understanding of women’s work has changed in France and Germany, under the various pressures of societal change, economic change, and (shared) commitment to international norms.” • H-France Review“Categories in Context is an impressive accomplishment in terms of unpacking, in rich detail, various categorizations of gender and labor, in terms of their construction, reconstruction, and, at times, deconstruction, in France and Germany since 1900.” • Contemporary Sociology“Overall, this is a worthwhile collection, especially in bringing French and German studies of workplace equality into the same analytical frame. It should serve as an important reference point for anyone interested in histories of gender and employment from the twentieth century to the present day but will appeal especially to those with a background in sociological and statistical analysis.” • Labour History“Categories in Context takes an innovative approach that provides an expansive understanding of economic citizenship in its gendered limits and possibilities. This collection is an important intervention in historicizing gendered workplace regimes and will be a worthy contribution to the field.” • Eileen Boris, University of California, Santa Barbara“The research gathered here is extremely important and well done. It brings together leading experts to illuminate a critical area of gender politics through rich, empirical case studies.” • Amy Mazur, Washington State University

• List of Figures, Tables and GraphsAcknowledgmentsIntroduction: Categories of Gender and Work in Context. Ways Toward a Research AgendaIsabelle Berrebi-Hoffmann, Olivier Giraud, Léa Renard, and Theresa WobbePART I: SHIFTING CATEGORIES FROM A COMPARATIVE RELATIONAL PERSPECTIVEChapter 1. Making Sense of Women’s Labour in the Context of the French Family Business: From Domestic Labour to Recognized WorkOlivier GiraudChapter 2. The Grey Zones between Work and Non-work: Statistical and Social Placing of ‘Family Workers’ in Germany (1880 – 2010)Léa RenardChapter 3. Night Work for Women in France in the Last Two Decades before 2000: Regulations, Discourse and Gender IssuesMichel LallementChapter 4. ‘Women’s Factory Night Work’ in Germany: Changing Classification Schemes in Varying Environments, 1891-1994Theresa Wobbe and Katja MüllerChapter 5. Women on Company Boards in France: French Republican Equality and Anti-Discrimination Laws Conflicting Logics (2006 - 2013)Anne-Françoise Bender, Isabelle Berrebi-Hoffmann, and Philippe ReignéChapter 6. Women on Company Boards in Germany: A Result of Constancy and Change in Gendered Categorizations (1980-2013)Katja MüllerPART II: TRANS-NATIONAL INTERPLAY OF CATEGORIZATIONChapter 7. Dynamics of Gendered Employment Regimes in France and Germany over the two last Decades: How can they be explained?Arnaud LechevalierChapter 8. ‘The Family's Economic Charm’ - Recent Reclassifications of Maternity, Employment, and Family in German Policy from a Historical-Sociological Perspective, 1900-2010Theresa Wobbe, Maike Bussmann, Carolin Höroldt, and Léa RenardChapter 9. From Particular Protection to Universal Principles: Shifting Classifications of Employment Rights in the ILO, the EU, and German Labour Law, 1919 - 1988Theresa Wobbe, Carolin Höroldt, and Maike BussmannChapter 10. Negotiating the Boundaries of Equality at Work: Tensions about a Gendered Employment Norm in France and in the European Community (1914-2014)Ferruccio RicciardiIndex