Edited by Adam Łazowski, Professor of EU Law, Westminster Law School, University of Westminster, UK and Visiting Professor, College of Europe, Natolin, Poland and Ivan Franko National University in Lviv, Ukraine and Adam Cygan, Professor of EU Law, University of Leicester, UK

‘This important work emerges as an indispensable legal roadmap to navigate the most important dark spots in the maze of the populist low point in recent British history. You will find it delightful even being deeply upset by the subject matter.’

• Contents:Introduction to the Research Handbook on Legal Aspects of Brexit 1Adam Cygan and Adam ŁazowskiPART I PROCESS1 Brexit’s impact on the political system of the United Kingdom 17Alan Wager2 The UK and parliamentary government after Brexit – A dis-United Kingdom? 33Michael Gordon3 What about our constitutional requirements? Revisiting the decision ofthe UK to withdraw from the European Union 54Theodore Konstadinides and Riccardo Sallustio4 And then they were (again) twenty-seven: the EU-UK Withdrawal Agreement 73Adam Łazowski5 Retained EU law in the UK legal orders: continuity between the old andthe new 98Catherine BarnardPART II POST-MEMBERSHIP EU-UK LEGAL FRAMEWORK6 The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement: forging partnership ormanaging rivalry? 122Joris Larik and Ramses A. Wessel7 Not so frictionless after all: trade in goods and services in the EU-UKTrade and Cooperation Agreement 148Yohannes Ayele, Ingo Borchert, Michael Gasiorek, Peter Holmes, AnnaJerzewska, Minako Morita-Jaeger and Suzannah Walmsley8 The EU Customs Union, free movement of goods, and enforcementmechanisms in the Protocol on Northern Ireland: a legal appraisal 175Graham Butler9 Criminal justice and security cooperation after Brexit 198Valsamis Mitsilegas10 Private international law and cooperation in civil and commercialmatters after Brexit – legislative gaps and future developments 221Vesna Lazić and Chukwuma Okoli11 After the Brexit bonfire: identifying the embers of future foreign,security and defence cooperation with the EU 240Steven BlockmansPART III REPATRIATION OF LAWS AND COMPETENCES12 Constitutional impact of withdrawal on the protection of fundamental rights 257Eleni Frantziou13 ‘Taking Back Control’: the challenges and opportunities of UnitedKingdom regulatory autonomy 276Adam Cygan14 Environmental protection after Brexit: preventing the return of Europe’sdirty man 300Wybe Th. Douma15 Brexit and workers’ rights: managing divergence and managing trust 320Jeff Kenner16 Equality law after ‘Brexit’ – stunted or reverse ‘repatriation’? 346Dagmar Schiek and Aislinn Fanning17 Immigration: EU citizens and the UK 366Elspeth Guild and Simon Cox18 Levelling up a Level playing field: competition and subsidies inpost-Brexit Britain 383Andrea Biondi and Anneli Howard19 Three narratives on the United Kingdom’s trade agreements post-Brexit 403Panos KoutrakosPART IV APRÈS BREXIT: THE EUROPEAN UNION OF TWENTY SEVEN20 UK, EU institutions, and Brexit: good times, bad times 423Agata Gostyńska-Jakubowska and Adam Łazowski21 Goodbye but no good riddance: Internal Market with and without theUnited Kingdom 448Adam Łazowski22 EU finances post-Brexit 470Richard Crowe23 Brexit and Europe à géometrie variable: towards the beginning or theend of the differentiated integration within the EU legal order? 491Alicja Sikora24 Impact of Brexit on future enlargements of the European Union: a viewfrom the Balkans 507Julija Brsakoska Bazerkoska25 The future of the EU beyond the war in Ukraine 524Federico Fabbrini26 Conclusions – life is going to be different 538Adam Cygan and Adam ŁazowskiIndex 557

Edited by Adam Łazowski, Professor of EU Law, Westminster Law School, University of Westminster, UK and Visiting Professor, College of Europe, Natolin, Poland and Ivan Franko National University in Lviv, Ukraine and Adam Cygan, Professor of EU Law, University of Leicester, UK

‘This important work emerges as an indispensable legal roadmap to navigate the most important dark spots in the maze of the populist low point in recent British history. You will find it delightful even being deeply upset by the subject matter.’

• Contents:Introduction to the Research Handbook on Legal Aspects of Brexit 1Adam Cygan and Adam ŁazowskiPART I PROCESS1 Brexit’s impact on the political system of the United Kingdom 17Alan Wager2 The UK and parliamentary government after Brexit – A dis-United Kingdom? 33Michael Gordon3 What about our constitutional requirements? Revisiting the decision ofthe UK to withdraw from the European Union 54Theodore Konstadinides and Riccardo Sallustio4 And then they were (again) twenty-seven: the EU-UK Withdrawal Agreement 73Adam Łazowski5 Retained EU law in the UK legal orders: continuity between the old andthe new 98Catherine BarnardPART II POST-MEMBERSHIP EU-UK LEGAL FRAMEWORK6 The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement: forging partnership ormanaging rivalry? 122Joris Larik and Ramses A. Wessel7 Not so frictionless after all: trade in goods and services in the EU-UKTrade and Cooperation Agreement 148Yohannes Ayele, Ingo Borchert, Michael Gasiorek, Peter Holmes, AnnaJerzewska, Minako Morita-Jaeger and Suzannah Walmsley8 The EU Customs Union, free movement of goods, and enforcementmechanisms in the Protocol on Northern Ireland: a legal appraisal 175Graham Butler9 Criminal justice and security cooperation after Brexit 198Valsamis Mitsilegas10 Private international law and cooperation in civil and commercialmatters after Brexit – legislative gaps and future developments 221Vesna Lazić and Chukwuma Okoli11 After the Brexit bonfire: identifying the embers of future foreign,security and defence cooperation with the EU 240Steven BlockmansPART III REPATRIATION OF LAWS AND COMPETENCES12 Constitutional impact of withdrawal on the protection of fundamental rights 257Eleni Frantziou13 ‘Taking Back Control’: the challenges and opportunities of UnitedKingdom regulatory autonomy 276Adam Cygan14 Environmental protection after Brexit: preventing the return of Europe’sdirty man 300Wybe Th. Douma15 Brexit and workers’ rights: managing divergence and managing trust 320Jeff Kenner16 Equality law after ‘Brexit’ – stunted or reverse ‘repatriation’? 346Dagmar Schiek and Aislinn Fanning17 Immigration: EU citizens and the UK 366Elspeth Guild and Simon Cox18 Levelling up a Level playing field: competition and subsidies inpost-Brexit Britain 383Andrea Biondi and Anneli Howard19 Three narratives on the United Kingdom’s trade agreements post-Brexit 403Panos KoutrakosPART IV APRÈS BREXIT: THE EUROPEAN UNION OF TWENTY SEVEN20 UK, EU institutions, and Brexit: good times, bad times 423Agata Gostyńska-Jakubowska and Adam Łazowski21 Goodbye but no good riddance: Internal Market with and without theUnited Kingdom 448Adam Łazowski22 EU finances post-Brexit 470Richard Crowe23 Brexit and Europe à géometrie variable: towards the beginning or theend of the differentiated integration within the EU legal order? 491Alicja Sikora24 Impact of Brexit on future enlargements of the European Union: a viewfrom the Balkans 507Julija Brsakoska Bazerkoska25 The future of the EU beyond the war in Ukraine 524Federico Fabbrini26 Conclusions – life is going to be different 538Adam Cygan and Adam ŁazowskiIndex 557

Edited by Adam Łazowski, Professor of EU Law, Westminster Law School, University of Westminster, UK and Visiting Professor, College of Europe, Natolin, Poland and Ivan Franko National University in Lviv, Ukraine and Adam Cygan, Professor of EU Law, University of Leicester, UK

‘This important work emerges as an indispensable legal roadmap to navigate the most important dark spots in the maze of the populist low point in recent British history. You will find it delightful even being deeply upset by the subject matter.’

• Contents:Introduction to the Research Handbook on Legal Aspects of Brexit 1Adam Cygan and Adam ŁazowskiPART I PROCESS1 Brexit’s impact on the political system of the United Kingdom 17Alan Wager2 The UK and parliamentary government after Brexit – A dis-United Kingdom? 33Michael Gordon3 What about our constitutional requirements? Revisiting the decision ofthe UK to withdraw from the European Union 54Theodore Konstadinides and Riccardo Sallustio4 And then they were (again) twenty-seven: the EU-UK Withdrawal Agreement 73Adam Łazowski5 Retained EU law in the UK legal orders: continuity between the old andthe new 98Catherine BarnardPART II POST-MEMBERSHIP EU-UK LEGAL FRAMEWORK6 The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement: forging partnership ormanaging rivalry? 122Joris Larik and Ramses A. Wessel7 Not so frictionless after all: trade in goods and services in the EU-UKTrade and Cooperation Agreement 148Yohannes Ayele, Ingo Borchert, Michael Gasiorek, Peter Holmes, AnnaJerzewska, Minako Morita-Jaeger and Suzannah Walmsley8 The EU Customs Union, free movement of goods, and enforcementmechanisms in the Protocol on Northern Ireland: a legal appraisal 175Graham Butler9 Criminal justice and security cooperation after Brexit 198Valsamis Mitsilegas10 Private international law and cooperation in civil and commercialmatters after Brexit – legislative gaps and future developments 221Vesna Lazić and Chukwuma Okoli11 After the Brexit bonfire: identifying the embers of future foreign,security and defence cooperation with the EU 240Steven BlockmansPART III REPATRIATION OF LAWS AND COMPETENCES12 Constitutional impact of withdrawal on the protection of fundamental rights 257Eleni Frantziou13 ‘Taking Back Control’: the challenges and opportunities of UnitedKingdom regulatory autonomy 276Adam Cygan14 Environmental protection after Brexit: preventing the return of Europe’sdirty man 300Wybe Th. Douma15 Brexit and workers’ rights: managing divergence and managing trust 320Jeff Kenner16 Equality law after ‘Brexit’ – stunted or reverse ‘repatriation’? 346Dagmar Schiek and Aislinn Fanning17 Immigration: EU citizens and the UK 366Elspeth Guild and Simon Cox18 Levelling up a Level playing field: competition and subsidies inpost-Brexit Britain 383Andrea Biondi and Anneli Howard19 Three narratives on the United Kingdom’s trade agreements post-Brexit 403Panos KoutrakosPART IV APRÈS BREXIT: THE EUROPEAN UNION OF TWENTY SEVEN20 UK, EU institutions, and Brexit: good times, bad times 423Agata Gostyńska-Jakubowska and Adam Łazowski21 Goodbye but no good riddance: Internal Market with and without theUnited Kingdom 448Adam Łazowski22 EU finances post-Brexit 470Richard Crowe23 Brexit and Europe à géometrie variable: towards the beginning or theend of the differentiated integration within the EU legal order? 491Alicja Sikora24 Impact of Brexit on future enlargements of the European Union: a viewfrom the Balkans 507Julija Brsakoska Bazerkoska25 The future of the EU beyond the war in Ukraine 524Federico Fabbrini26 Conclusions – life is going to be different 538Adam Cygan and Adam ŁazowskiIndex 557