Karl Spracklen is a Professor of Sociology of Leisure and Culture at Leeds Beckett University (UK). Until the end of 2019 he was the Principal Editor of the journal Metal Music Studies. He is currently the Editor-in-Chief of International Journal of the Sociology of Leisure. He is interested in leisure and identity and belonging and exclusion, and has published over a hundred papers, books, textbooks and book chapters in that broad area from sport to whisky tourism.

• Chapter One: Introduction, Context and Methods Chapter Two: The Old Nationalism and Masculinity: Historical Review Chapter Three: Populism, Nationalism and Masculinity Today: A Review Chapter Four: Theories of Leisure and Music; and Music, Identity and Place Chapter Five: Iron Maiden: True Stories of Men at War Chapter Six: Manowar: True Metal Warriors Chapter Seven: Bathory and Viking Metal Chapter Eight: The Norwegians as 'Authentic' Vikings: Enslaved, Windir and Wardruna Chapter Nine: Pagan Metal in Eastern Europe Chapter Ten: Finnish Folk Metal: Raising Drinking Horns in Mainstream Metal Chapter Eleven: English Heritage Black Metal and the Equivalents in Scotland, Wales and Yorkshire Chapter Twelve: Challenging Hegemony? Darkestrah, and Zeal & Ardor Chapter Thirteen: Conclusions References Discography

Karl Spracklen is a Professor of Sociology of Leisure and Culture at Leeds Beckett University (UK). Until the end of 2019 he was the Principal Editor of the journal Metal Music Studies. He is currently the Editor-in-Chief of International Journal of the Sociology of Leisure. He is interested in leisure and identity and belonging and exclusion, and has published over a hundred papers, books, textbooks and book chapters in that broad area from sport to whisky tourism.

• Chapter One: Introduction, Context and Methods Chapter Two: The Old Nationalism and Masculinity: Historical Review Chapter Three: Populism, Nationalism and Masculinity Today: A Review Chapter Four: Theories of Leisure and Music; and Music, Identity and Place Chapter Five: Iron Maiden: True Stories of Men at War Chapter Six: Manowar: True Metal Warriors Chapter Seven: Bathory and Viking Metal Chapter Eight: The Norwegians as 'Authentic' Vikings: Enslaved, Windir and Wardruna Chapter Nine: Pagan Metal in Eastern Europe Chapter Ten: Finnish Folk Metal: Raising Drinking Horns in Mainstream Metal Chapter Eleven: English Heritage Black Metal and the Equivalents in Scotland, Wales and Yorkshire Chapter Twelve: Challenging Hegemony? Darkestrah, and Zeal & Ardor Chapter Thirteen: Conclusions References Discography

Karl Spracklen is a Professor of Sociology of Leisure and Culture at Leeds Beckett University (UK). Until the end of 2019 he was the Principal Editor of the journal Metal Music Studies. He is currently the Editor-in-Chief of International Journal of the Sociology of Leisure. He is interested in leisure and identity and belonging and exclusion, and has published over a hundred papers, books, textbooks and book chapters in that broad area from sport to whisky tourism.

• Chapter One: Introduction, Context and Methods Chapter Two: The Old Nationalism and Masculinity: Historical Review Chapter Three: Populism, Nationalism and Masculinity Today: A Review Chapter Four: Theories of Leisure and Music; and Music, Identity and Place Chapter Five: Iron Maiden: True Stories of Men at War Chapter Six: Manowar: True Metal Warriors Chapter Seven: Bathory and Viking Metal Chapter Eight: The Norwegians as 'Authentic' Vikings: Enslaved, Windir and Wardruna Chapter Nine: Pagan Metal in Eastern Europe Chapter Ten: Finnish Folk Metal: Raising Drinking Horns in Mainstream Metal Chapter Eleven: English Heritage Black Metal and the Equivalents in Scotland, Wales and Yorkshire Chapter Twelve: Challenging Hegemony? Darkestrah, and Zeal & Ardor Chapter Thirteen: Conclusions References Discography