From Egypt to Europe

Dr Simona Talani is a Lecturer in European Political Economy at the University of Bath, and a Research fellow at the London School of Economics.

'The overarching ambition of this book is to partly revitalize and partly construct an international political economy approach to international migration. The first part of the book is particularly strong on the structured overview of the debates in International Relations Theory and International Political Economy regarding the state and the nature of the globalization process. In the second part, the book presents an impressively researched case study on Egyptian migration to Europe. Through meticulous empirical analysis (based on extensive interviews and thorough study of statistical material and secondary literature), this part of the book convincingly brings to life, and shows the relevance of, the theoretical framework developed in the first part. Together, through its theoretical discussion and empirical depth, the book offers a very valuable contribution to the literature on globalization and migration.' - Henk Overbeek, Professor of International Relations, VU University Amsterdam; 'The primary research included in this book is of great significance not only because the area concerned is rarely included in studies of migration but also because the author was directly involved in a great deal of UN field work. Consequently Dr. Talani has first-hand knowledge of migration and the motivations of migrants and the book contains a rich and detailed description of migrant attitudes.' - Alan W. Cafruny, Henry Bristol Professor of International Affairs, Hamilton College; 'This book is a major step in the identification of the dynamics of migration in the Mediterranean area and in the assessment of EU policy inadequacies in dealing with the phenomenon. Dr Talani studies the role played by the Barcelona process in shaping the relations between MENA and Southern European countries. In doing so, she clearly indicates the extent to which this dialogue has been successful and that it has produced challenges that are very difficult to tackle. Moreover she assesses the impact of the events following September 11th on the prosecution of the dialogue itself. From the theoretical point of view, the author inserts the analysis of Egyptian migration within the thriving debate on globalisation and regionalisation.' - Luciano Bardi, Professor of Political Science and International Relations, University of Pisa; 'Based on solid first-hand field research, this book is an in-depth analysis of the motivations of migration from the point of origin. The author proposes clear research questions and sets them within an appropriate and well-defined theoretical context'- Antimo Verde, University of Tuscia, Viterbo

• Introduction Chapter 1. Migration in theory: The state of the debate or the State in the debate? 1.1. Introduction 1.2. What is International Political Economy? 1.3. Mainstream versus critical IPE approaches: The State in thedebate 1.3.1 The political economy of immigration in the realisttradition 1.3.2 Liberal institutionalism and migration 1.3.3 The globalisation thesis: An introduction Chapter 2. The globalisation thesis within the globalisation debate 2.1. Introduction 2.2. A qualitative definition of globalisation 2.2.1 Globalisation and the State 2.2.1.1 Realist approaches: The globalisation myth andthe centrality of the State 2.2.1.2. Neo-institutionalist approaches: The transformation of the nation state in the global economy 2.2.1.3 Transnationalist approaches: The subordination of politics to economics 2.3. The new global division of labour and the increase of mass migration 2.4. Conclusion Chapter 3. Fortress Europe 3.1. Introduction 3.2. The evolution of ‘Fortress Europe’ 3.3. EU immigration models 3.4. Conclusion Chapter 4. Migration in practice: Egyptians did not emigrate! 4.1. Introduction 4.2. The policy of the Egyptian government 4.3. Egypt’s migration dynamics 4.4. Egyptian migration today 4.5. Mapping the routes 4.5.1 The Spanish route 4.5.2 The Libyan route 4.5.3 The Turkish route 4.5.4 The Sarajevo route 4.5.5 Egypt as a transit country 4.6. Conclusion Chapter 5. Why do Egyptians migrate now?: The lack of integration in the MENA region 5.1. Introduction 5.2. The institutional steps towards more economic integration in theMENA region 5.3. Actual economic integration in the MENA region 5.3.1 Intraregional trade integration 5.3.2 Inter-Arab aid capital flows 5.4. Conclusion Chapter 6. Why do Egyptians migrate now?: The marginalisation of Egypt6.1. Introduction6.2. Steps towards an open and stable economy6.3. The marginalisation of Egypt6.3.1 Economic marginalisation 6.3.2 Other indicators of marginalisation 6.4. Conclusion Chapter 7. Who is the Egyptian migrant? 7.1. Introduction 7.2. The profi le of the Egyptian migrant: The ‘homo economicus’ 7.3. The profi le of the Moroccan migrant: From the homo economicus to the community-formation phase 7.4. Conclusion Chapter 8. What do Muslim migrants do in receiving countries? 8.1. Introduction 8.2. The integration of Muslim workers in the labour markets: General patterns in Europe 8.3. Egyptians abroad: brain drain or mass migration? 8.4. The insertion of migrants in the ‘informal economy’ and its consequences for receiving societies 8.5. Conclusion Chapter 9. ‘Islamophobia’ and social capital 9.1. Introduction9.2. ‘Muslim voices’: The enemy within 9.3. Instances of ‘Islamophobia’ before September 11 9.4. What is social capital? 9.5. The consequences of the lack of social capital among immigrant Muslim communities: the case of France 9.6. Conclusion