Robert Beachy is Assistant Professor of History at Goucher College, USA. Beatrice Craig is Associate Professor of History at the University of Ottawa, Canada. Alastair Owens is Lecturer in Geography at Queen Mary, University of London.

'Provides a wealth of insights into the financial agency of businesswomen in the complex economic structures of nineteenth-century Europe. The compelling and lucid case studies will make an excellent contribution to the reassessment of gender roles in this period.' Kathryn Gleadle, Oxford University'Women, Business and Finance in Nineteenth-Century Europe brings together some of the best scholarly work on the history of women in business. Sophisticated, nuanced, and ever alert to the contradictory workings of gender, this wonderfully accessible collection convincingly challenges the conventional wisdom of separate spheres.' Wendy Gamber, Indiana University 'Through this collection of cutting-edge research, expertly framed by the editors, the analysis of both women's contribution to financial practice and gender relations in business in the European past is taken to a new level.' Katrina Honeyman, University of Leeds'Highly original material and well researched--providing

• Contents 1. Introduction Beatrice Craig, Robert Beachy and Alastair Owens 2. 'Making some provision for the contingencies to which their sex is particularly liable': Women and Investment in early nineteenth-century England Alastair Owens (Queen Mary, University of London) 3. 'The Silent Partners': Women, capital and the development of the financial system in nineteenth century Sweden Tom Petersson (Uppsala University, Sweden) 4. 'Where have all the businesswomen gone?' Images and reality in the life of nineteenth-century middle-class women in northern France Beatrice Craig (University of Ottawa, Canada) 5. 'Profit and Propriety': Sophie Henschel and gender management in the German locomotive industry Robert Beachy (Goucher College, USA) 6. Artisan women and management in nineteenth-century Barcelona Juanjo Romero-Marin 7. Women and Publishing in Nineteenth Century Spain Gloria Espigado, University of Cadiz, Spain 8. Businesswomen in Austria Irene Bandhauer-Schffmann (University of Klagenfurt, Austria) 9. Belgium's Tradeswomen Valrie Piette (University of Brussels, Belgium) 10. Limited Opportunities? Female retailing in nineteenth-century Sweden Tom Ericsson (Umea University, Sweden) 11. Retailing, respectability and the independent woman in nineteenth century London Alison C. Kay (Research Fellow, Department of Geography, King's College London) 12. Hidden Professions? Female 'placers' of domestic servants in nineteenth-century Dutch cities Marlou Schrover (Leiden University, The Netherlands) 13. The business of sex: Evaluating prostitution in the German port city of Hamburg Julia Bruggeman (De Pauw University, USA)

Robert Beachy is Assistant Professor of History at Goucher College, USA. Beatrice Craig is Associate Professor of History at the University of Ottawa, Canada. Alastair Owens is Lecturer in Geography at Queen Mary, University of London.

'Provides a wealth of insights into the financial agency of businesswomen in the complex economic structures of nineteenth-century Europe. The compelling and lucid case studies will make an excellent contribution to the reassessment of gender roles in this period.' Kathryn Gleadle, Oxford University'Women, Business and Finance in Nineteenth-Century Europe brings together some of the best scholarly work on the history of women in business. Sophisticated, nuanced, and ever alert to the contradictory workings of gender, this wonderfully accessible collection convincingly challenges the conventional wisdom of separate spheres.' Wendy Gamber, Indiana University 'Through this collection of cutting-edge research, expertly framed by the editors, the analysis of both women's contribution to financial practice and gender relations in business in the European past is taken to a new level.' Katrina Honeyman, University of Leeds'Highly original material and well researched--providing

• Contents 1. Introduction Beatrice Craig, Robert Beachy and Alastair Owens 2. 'Making some provision for the contingencies to which their sex is particularly liable': Women and Investment in early nineteenth-century England Alastair Owens (Queen Mary, University of London) 3. 'The Silent Partners': Women, capital and the development of the financial system in nineteenth century Sweden Tom Petersson (Uppsala University, Sweden) 4. 'Where have all the businesswomen gone?' Images and reality in the life of nineteenth-century middle-class women in northern France Beatrice Craig (University of Ottawa, Canada) 5. 'Profit and Propriety': Sophie Henschel and gender management in the German locomotive industry Robert Beachy (Goucher College, USA) 6. Artisan women and management in nineteenth-century Barcelona Juanjo Romero-Marin 7. Women and Publishing in Nineteenth Century Spain Gloria Espigado, University of Cadiz, Spain 8. Businesswomen in Austria Irene Bandhauer-Schffmann (University of Klagenfurt, Austria) 9. Belgium's Tradeswomen Valrie Piette (University of Brussels, Belgium) 10. Limited Opportunities? Female retailing in nineteenth-century Sweden Tom Ericsson (Umea University, Sweden) 11. Retailing, respectability and the independent woman in nineteenth century London Alison C. Kay (Research Fellow, Department of Geography, King's College London) 12. Hidden Professions? Female 'placers' of domestic servants in nineteenth-century Dutch cities Marlou Schrover (Leiden University, The Netherlands) 13. The business of sex: Evaluating prostitution in the German port city of Hamburg Julia Bruggeman (De Pauw University, USA)

Robert Beachy is Assistant Professor of History at Goucher College, USA. Beatrice Craig is Associate Professor of History at the University of Ottawa, Canada. Alastair Owens is Lecturer in Geography at Queen Mary, University of London.

'Provides a wealth of insights into the financial agency of businesswomen in the complex economic structures of nineteenth-century Europe. The compelling and lucid case studies will make an excellent contribution to the reassessment of gender roles in this period.' Kathryn Gleadle, Oxford University'Women, Business and Finance in Nineteenth-Century Europe brings together some of the best scholarly work on the history of women in business. Sophisticated, nuanced, and ever alert to the contradictory workings of gender, this wonderfully accessible collection convincingly challenges the conventional wisdom of separate spheres.' Wendy Gamber, Indiana University 'Through this collection of cutting-edge research, expertly framed by the editors, the analysis of both women's contribution to financial practice and gender relations in business in the European past is taken to a new level.' Katrina Honeyman, University of Leeds'Highly original material and well researched--providing

• Contents 1. Introduction Beatrice Craig, Robert Beachy and Alastair Owens 2. 'Making some provision for the contingencies to which their sex is particularly liable': Women and Investment in early nineteenth-century England Alastair Owens (Queen Mary, University of London) 3. 'The Silent Partners': Women, capital and the development of the financial system in nineteenth century Sweden Tom Petersson (Uppsala University, Sweden) 4. 'Where have all the businesswomen gone?' Images and reality in the life of nineteenth-century middle-class women in northern France Beatrice Craig (University of Ottawa, Canada) 5. 'Profit and Propriety': Sophie Henschel and gender management in the German locomotive industry Robert Beachy (Goucher College, USA) 6. Artisan women and management in nineteenth-century Barcelona Juanjo Romero-Marin 7. Women and Publishing in Nineteenth Century Spain Gloria Espigado, University of Cadiz, Spain 8. Businesswomen in Austria Irene Bandhauer-Schffmann (University of Klagenfurt, Austria) 9. Belgium's Tradeswomen Valrie Piette (University of Brussels, Belgium) 10. Limited Opportunities? Female retailing in nineteenth-century Sweden Tom Ericsson (Umea University, Sweden) 11. Retailing, respectability and the independent woman in nineteenth century London Alison C. Kay (Research Fellow, Department of Geography, King's College London) 12. Hidden Professions? Female 'placers' of domestic servants in nineteenth-century Dutch cities Marlou Schrover (Leiden University, The Netherlands) 13. The business of sex: Evaluating prostitution in the German port city of Hamburg Julia Bruggeman (De Pauw University, USA)