Syed A. M. Tofail is a Senior Research Fellow with the Materials and Surface Science Institute at the University of Limerick, Ireland. He has approximately 10 years experience in the development and characterisation of nano- and biomaterials. His major research accomplishment to date has been the determination of the correct crystal symmetry of hydroxyapatite, a leading synthetic biomaterial. This led him to discover piezoelectricity in synthetic hydroxyapatite. Experienced in the field of materials and surface science, Dr Tofail carries out fundamental research directed at the development of medical devices with new functionality. This involves working closely with the relevant industrial players. Dr Tofail is currently coordinating a European Commission Framework 7 project funded under the Nanotechnology, Materials and Processing (NMP) programme. One of the core objectives of this project is to develop MRSA-resistant medical textiles. In addition, the project aims to develop implantable devices for cardiovascular, orthopaedic and urinary applications.

The book originates from the activity of a BioElectricSurface consortium, funded by the European Commission under the FP-7 Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials and New Production Technologies (NMP) program and discusses the crucial role surface charge plays in the interaction between materials in biological and medical applications. The first part of the book covers new findings in biology, e.g. bone growth by charged hydroxyapatite and photocatalytic effect in doped titania and includes useful explanations of the many modern techniques used to create and measure electric charges at surfaces and intersurfaces. The first part of the book contains some very useful information, such as discussion of the polarization of hydroxyapatite, which increased bone growth on the negative surface while no growth was observed on the positive surface, and commentary on the increased photocatalytic activity of doped titania . This section also concisely, but thoroughly, analyses thermally stimulated depolarization current methods, the laser intensity modulation method of charge measurements, scanning probe, Kelvin probe force and electrostatic force microscopy, and the streaming potential measurement techniques used for wet cases. The techniques utilized for interfacial measurements, such as confocal laser scanning microscopy, are also covered in chapter 4. Part 2 describes many practical examples in which the surface interactions play an essential role. For example, chapter 5 discusses immobilized enzymes on porous surfaces in biocatalysts, drug delivery, and biosensors, while chapter 6 goes on to describe improvement of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by the interactions of host tissue cells with the implant surface Chapters 7, 8 and 9 discuss antibody immobilization on solid surfaces, adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of bone-forming cells with electrostatic charge at biomaterials surfaces and interactions of biofilm-forming bacteria with abiotic surfaces. Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells on the biomaterials surfaces, interactions of bacteria and fungi on biofilms in hospital acquired infections and immunological response of electrostatic charge at the surface of biomaterials are covered in chapters 10, 11 and 12. Such elaborate discussions show the relevance of surface charge in biological interactions at and with non-biological surfaces and, I strongly believe, will provide a solid foundation for interested readers who are willing to bring innovative ideas of surface modifications to generate or control a specific biological response on implantable therapeutic devices. Part 3 of the book is a logical progression from parts 1 and 2, and describes some of the important applications where surface charge is believed to play a significant role. These include: Community and hospital acquired infections of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), MRSA-resistant textiles, inhibition of encrustation in urological devices and the reduction of restenosis in cardiovascular stents. The book finishes with a general overview of a new class of materials, named as vector materials, where the interfaces between biomaterial and biological environment can be manipulated by the application of vectorial effects induced by electrical polarization. Surface charges are frequently experienced by the frictional electricity in textiles. The infection of bacteria and the restenosis of implanted stenosis are broadly concerned matters in the society. As a basic research, it is noteworthy that negatively charged hydroxyapatite induces new bone. The book shows that the study of electric charge in surfaces is important to understand the basic mechanism of all these matters. The many topics introduced in this book promises more rapid progress in future research. The abbreviation of technical words sometime hinders the understanding of sentences, but the subject index at the end of the book helps greatly to solve this difficulty. The arrangement of chapters is also well ordered. The Editor's kind efforts are appreciated. -- Eiichi Fukada, Kobayasi Institute of Physical Research, Tokyo, Japan and Emeritus Scientist, RIKEN, Wako, Japan

• Electrostatic Charge on Biomaterials Surface;Electrical modifications of biomaterials' surfaces: Beyond hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity;Photocatalytic effects in doped and undoped titania;Surface charge measurements on biomaterials in dry and wet conditions Measurements of surface and interfacial charge and morphology in electrically modified materials;Protein Interactions at the surface;Immobilisation of enzymes on porous surface;Fibrous proteins interactions with modified surfaces of biomaterials;Antibody immobilisation on solid surfaces: methods and applications;Cellular Interactions with Abiotic Surfaces;Interactions of bone forming cells with electrostatic charge at biomaterials surface;Interactions of biofilm-forming bacteria with abiotic surfaces;Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells (SMC) interactions at biomaterials surfaces;Interactions of Bacteria and fungi at the surface;Immunological response of electrostatic charge at the surface of biomaterials;IV. Applications;Community and hospital acquired Staphylococcal infections;MRSA resistant textiles;Inhibition of urological devices;Encrustation;Reduction of restenosis in cardiovascular stents;Regulatory and safety issues related to biomedical devices

Syed A. M. Tofail is a Senior Research Fellow with the Materials and Surface Science Institute at the University of Limerick, Ireland. He has approximately 10 years experience in the development and characterisation of nano- and biomaterials. His major research accomplishment to date has been the determination of the correct crystal symmetry of hydroxyapatite, a leading synthetic biomaterial. This led him to discover piezoelectricity in synthetic hydroxyapatite. Experienced in the field of materials and surface science, Dr Tofail carries out fundamental research directed at the development of medical devices with new functionality. This involves working closely with the relevant industrial players. Dr Tofail is currently coordinating a European Commission Framework 7 project funded under the Nanotechnology, Materials and Processing (NMP) programme. One of the core objectives of this project is to develop MRSA-resistant medical textiles. In addition, the project aims to develop implantable devices for cardiovascular, orthopaedic and urinary applications.

The book originates from the activity of a BioElectricSurface consortium, funded by the European Commission under the FP-7 Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials and New Production Technologies (NMP) program and discusses the crucial role surface charge plays in the interaction between materials in biological and medical applications. The first part of the book covers new findings in biology, e.g. bone growth by charged hydroxyapatite and photocatalytic effect in doped titania and includes useful explanations of the many modern techniques used to create and measure electric charges at surfaces and intersurfaces. The first part of the book contains some very useful information, such as discussion of the polarization of hydroxyapatite, which increased bone growth on the negative surface while no growth was observed on the positive surface, and commentary on the increased photocatalytic activity of doped titania . This section also concisely, but thoroughly, analyses thermally stimulated depolarization current methods, the laser intensity modulation method of charge measurements, scanning probe, Kelvin probe force and electrostatic force microscopy, and the streaming potential measurement techniques used for wet cases. The techniques utilized for interfacial measurements, such as confocal laser scanning microscopy, are also covered in chapter 4. Part 2 describes many practical examples in which the surface interactions play an essential role. For example, chapter 5 discusses immobilized enzymes on porous surfaces in biocatalysts, drug delivery, and biosensors, while chapter 6 goes on to describe improvement of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by the interactions of host tissue cells with the implant surface Chapters 7, 8 and 9 discuss antibody immobilization on solid surfaces, adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of bone-forming cells with electrostatic charge at biomaterials surfaces and interactions of biofilm-forming bacteria with abiotic surfaces. Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells on the biomaterials surfaces, interactions of bacteria and fungi on biofilms in hospital acquired infections and immunological response of electrostatic charge at the surface of biomaterials are covered in chapters 10, 11 and 12. Such elaborate discussions show the relevance of surface charge in biological interactions at and with non-biological surfaces and, I strongly believe, will provide a solid foundation for interested readers who are willing to bring innovative ideas of surface modifications to generate or control a specific biological response on implantable therapeutic devices. Part 3 of the book is a logical progression from parts 1 and 2, and describes some of the important applications where surface charge is believed to play a significant role. These include: Community and hospital acquired infections of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), MRSA-resistant textiles, inhibition of encrustation in urological devices and the reduction of restenosis in cardiovascular stents. The book finishes with a general overview of a new class of materials, named as vector materials, where the interfaces between biomaterial and biological environment can be manipulated by the application of vectorial effects induced by electrical polarization. Surface charges are frequently experienced by the frictional electricity in textiles. The infection of bacteria and the restenosis of implanted stenosis are broadly concerned matters in the society. As a basic research, it is noteworthy that negatively charged hydroxyapatite induces new bone. The book shows that the study of electric charge in surfaces is important to understand the basic mechanism of all these matters. The many topics introduced in this book promises more rapid progress in future research. The abbreviation of technical words sometime hinders the understanding of sentences, but the subject index at the end of the book helps greatly to solve this difficulty. The arrangement of chapters is also well ordered. The Editor's kind efforts are appreciated. -- Eiichi Fukada, Kobayasi Institute of Physical Research, Tokyo, Japan and Emeritus Scientist, RIKEN, Wako, Japan

• Electrostatic Charge on Biomaterials Surface;Electrical modifications of biomaterials' surfaces: Beyond hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity;Photocatalytic effects in doped and undoped titania;Surface charge measurements on biomaterials in dry and wet conditions Measurements of surface and interfacial charge and morphology in electrically modified materials;Protein Interactions at the surface;Immobilisation of enzymes on porous surface;Fibrous proteins interactions with modified surfaces of biomaterials;Antibody immobilisation on solid surfaces: methods and applications;Cellular Interactions with Abiotic Surfaces;Interactions of bone forming cells with electrostatic charge at biomaterials surface;Interactions of biofilm-forming bacteria with abiotic surfaces;Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells (SMC) interactions at biomaterials surfaces;Interactions of Bacteria and fungi at the surface;Immunological response of electrostatic charge at the surface of biomaterials;IV. Applications;Community and hospital acquired Staphylococcal infections;MRSA resistant textiles;Inhibition of urological devices;Encrustation;Reduction of restenosis in cardiovascular stents;Regulatory and safety issues related to biomedical devices

Syed A. M. Tofail is a Senior Research Fellow with the Materials and Surface Science Institute at the University of Limerick, Ireland. He has approximately 10 years experience in the development and characterisation of nano- and biomaterials. His major research accomplishment to date has been the determination of the correct crystal symmetry of hydroxyapatite, a leading synthetic biomaterial. This led him to discover piezoelectricity in synthetic hydroxyapatite. Experienced in the field of materials and surface science, Dr Tofail carries out fundamental research directed at the development of medical devices with new functionality. This involves working closely with the relevant industrial players. Dr Tofail is currently coordinating a European Commission Framework 7 project funded under the Nanotechnology, Materials and Processing (NMP) programme. One of the core objectives of this project is to develop MRSA-resistant medical textiles. In addition, the project aims to develop implantable devices for cardiovascular, orthopaedic and urinary applications.

The book originates from the activity of a BioElectricSurface consortium, funded by the European Commission under the FP-7 Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials and New Production Technologies (NMP) program and discusses the crucial role surface charge plays in the interaction between materials in biological and medical applications. The first part of the book covers new findings in biology, e.g. bone growth by charged hydroxyapatite and photocatalytic effect in doped titania and includes useful explanations of the many modern techniques used to create and measure electric charges at surfaces and intersurfaces. The first part of the book contains some very useful information, such as discussion of the polarization of hydroxyapatite, which increased bone growth on the negative surface while no growth was observed on the positive surface, and commentary on the increased photocatalytic activity of doped titania . This section also concisely, but thoroughly, analyses thermally stimulated depolarization current methods, the laser intensity modulation method of charge measurements, scanning probe, Kelvin probe force and electrostatic force microscopy, and the streaming potential measurement techniques used for wet cases. The techniques utilized for interfacial measurements, such as confocal laser scanning microscopy, are also covered in chapter 4. Part 2 describes many practical examples in which the surface interactions play an essential role. For example, chapter 5 discusses immobilized enzymes on porous surfaces in biocatalysts, drug delivery, and biosensors, while chapter 6 goes on to describe improvement of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by the interactions of host tissue cells with the implant surface Chapters 7, 8 and 9 discuss antibody immobilization on solid surfaces, adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of bone-forming cells with electrostatic charge at biomaterials surfaces and interactions of biofilm-forming bacteria with abiotic surfaces. Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells on the biomaterials surfaces, interactions of bacteria and fungi on biofilms in hospital acquired infections and immunological response of electrostatic charge at the surface of biomaterials are covered in chapters 10, 11 and 12. Such elaborate discussions show the relevance of surface charge in biological interactions at and with non-biological surfaces and, I strongly believe, will provide a solid foundation for interested readers who are willing to bring innovative ideas of surface modifications to generate or control a specific biological response on implantable therapeutic devices. Part 3 of the book is a logical progression from parts 1 and 2, and describes some of the important applications where surface charge is believed to play a significant role. These include: Community and hospital acquired infections of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), MRSA-resistant textiles, inhibition of encrustation in urological devices and the reduction of restenosis in cardiovascular stents. The book finishes with a general overview of a new class of materials, named as vector materials, where the interfaces between biomaterial and biological environment can be manipulated by the application of vectorial effects induced by electrical polarization. Surface charges are frequently experienced by the frictional electricity in textiles. The infection of bacteria and the restenosis of implanted stenosis are broadly concerned matters in the society. As a basic research, it is noteworthy that negatively charged hydroxyapatite induces new bone. The book shows that the study of electric charge in surfaces is important to understand the basic mechanism of all these matters. The many topics introduced in this book promises more rapid progress in future research. The abbreviation of technical words sometime hinders the understanding of sentences, but the subject index at the end of the book helps greatly to solve this difficulty. The arrangement of chapters is also well ordered. The Editor's kind efforts are appreciated. -- Eiichi Fukada, Kobayasi Institute of Physical Research, Tokyo, Japan and Emeritus Scientist, RIKEN, Wako, Japan

• Electrostatic Charge on Biomaterials Surface;Electrical modifications of biomaterials' surfaces: Beyond hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity;Photocatalytic effects in doped and undoped titania;Surface charge measurements on biomaterials in dry and wet conditions Measurements of surface and interfacial charge and morphology in electrically modified materials;Protein Interactions at the surface;Immobilisation of enzymes on porous surface;Fibrous proteins interactions with modified surfaces of biomaterials;Antibody immobilisation on solid surfaces: methods and applications;Cellular Interactions with Abiotic Surfaces;Interactions of bone forming cells with electrostatic charge at biomaterials surface;Interactions of biofilm-forming bacteria with abiotic surfaces;Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells (SMC) interactions at biomaterials surfaces;Interactions of Bacteria and fungi at the surface;Immunological response of electrostatic charge at the surface of biomaterials;IV. Applications;Community and hospital acquired Staphylococcal infections;MRSA resistant textiles;Inhibition of urological devices;Encrustation;Reduction of restenosis in cardiovascular stents;Regulatory and safety issues related to biomedical devices