China’s Naval Operations in the South China Sea

Bruce A. Elleman is William V. Pratt Professor of International History in the Center for Naval Warfare Studies, US Naval War College, with a MSc in International History from LSE (1985) and a PhD in History from Columbia University (1993). His specialisation includes Chinese, Japanese, and Russian history, East Asian international relations, Sino-Soviet diplomatic history, and Chinese military history. He is the author of Diplomacy and Deception: The Secret History of Sino-Soviet Diplomatic Relations, 1917–1927 (1997); Modern Chinese Warfare, 1795–1989 (2001, translated into Chinese); Wilson and China: A Revised History of the Shan­dong Question (2002); plus co-editor, with Stephen Kotkin and Clive Schofield, of Beijing’s Power and China’s Border: Twenty Neighbors in Asia (2013). Bruce A. Elleman is William V. Pratt Professor of International History in the Center for Naval Warfare Studies, US Naval War College, with a MSc in International History from LSE (1985) and a PhD in History from Columbia University (1993). His specialisation includes Chinese, Japanese, and Russian history, East Asian international relations, Sino-Soviet diplomatic history, and Chinese military history. He is the author of Diplomacy and Deception: The Secret History of Sino-Soviet Diplomatic Relations, 1917–1927 (1997); Modern Chinese Warfare, 1795–1989 (2001, translated into Chinese); Wilson and China: A Revised History of the Shan.dong Question (2002); plus co-editor, with Stephen Kotkin and Clive Schofield, of Beijing’s Power and China’s Border: Twenty Neighbors in Asia (2013).

• Preface, Acknowledgements, List of Maps and Graph, List of Acronyms, Introduction: Evaluating China's Maritime Strategy in the South China Sea, 1. The Early History of the South China Sea Disputes, 2. China's Maritime Territorial Disputes with Vietnam, 3. China's Spratly-KIG Maritime Dispute with the Philippines, 4. China's Continental Shelf Dispute with Malaysia, 5. China's Energy Resources Dispute with Brunei, 6. China's Natuna Island Fishing Dispute with Indonesia, 7. China's Sovereignty Disputes with Taiwan, 8. The United States as the South China Sea Maritime Arbiter, Conclusions: China's Contemporary and Future Maritime Strategy in the SCS, Appendix A: Timeline, SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS:, Document 1: Sino-French Tonkin Treaty, 26 June 1887, Document 2: Cairo Declaration, 1 December 1943, Document 3: Potsdam Proclamation, 26 July 1945, Document 4: Treaty of Peace with Japan, 8 September 1951, Document 5: Treaty of Peace between the Republic of China and Japan, 28 April 1952, Document 6: U.S.-ROC Mutual Defense Treaty, 2 December 1954 (ratified 1955), Document 7: Formosa Resolution, 1955, Document 8: Declaration on China's Territorial Sea, 4 September 1958, Document 9: Prime Minister Pham Van Dong's Letter, 14 September 1958, Document 10: Shanghai Communiqué, 28 February 1972, Document 11: Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the People's Republic of China and the United States of America, 16 December 1978, Document 12: Taiwan Relations Act, 10 April 1979, Document 13: Joint Communiqué on the Question of Arms Sales to Taiwan, 17 August 1982 24, Document 14: Law on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, 25 February 1992, Document 15: 1992 ASEAN Declaration on the South China Sea, 22 July 1992, Document 16: United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, PART V, Exclusive Economic Zone, in force since 14 November 1994, Document 17: A concurrent resolution expressing the sense of Congress regarding missile tests and military exercises by the People's Republic of China, 21 March 1996, Document 18: Law on the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf of the PRC, 26 June 1998, Document 19: 2002 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea, 4 November 2002 27, Document 20: Anti-Secession Law adopted by NPC, 14 March 2005, Document 21: Cross-Straits Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement, 29 June 2010, Document 22: In the Matter of the South China Sea Arbitration, 12 July 2016, Selected Bibliography, Index.