Sarah E. Jankowitz is Research Associate at the Institute of Irish Studies, University of Liverpool, and former Research Associate in the Department of Urban Studies and Planning, University of Sheffield. She completed her Doctorate at Trinity College Dublin and spent several years participating in grassroots peacebuilding initiatives in Northern Ireland.

• 1. Introduction: Victimhood, Violence and Northern Ireland.- 2. Dealing with the Past.- 3. The Social Construction of Victimhood and Complex Victims.- 4. The Victim-Perpetrator Paradigm.- 5. Hierarchies of Victims.- 6. Hierarchies, Division and Exclusion.- 7. Conclusion: Towards Thicker Reconciliation.

Sarah E. Jankowitz is Research Associate at the Institute of Irish Studies, University of Liverpool, and former Research Associate in the Department of Urban Studies and Planning, University of Sheffield. She completed her Doctorate at Trinity College Dublin and spent several years participating in grassroots peacebuilding initiatives in Northern Ireland.

• 1. Introduction: Victimhood, Violence and Northern Ireland.- 2. Dealing with the Past.- 3. The Social Construction of Victimhood and Complex Victims.- 4. The Victim-Perpetrator Paradigm.- 5. Hierarchies of Victims.- 6. Hierarchies, Division and Exclusion.- 7. Conclusion: Towards Thicker Reconciliation.

Sarah E. Jankowitz is Research Associate at the Institute of Irish Studies, University of Liverpool, and former Research Associate in the Department of Urban Studies and Planning, University of Sheffield. She completed her Doctorate at Trinity College Dublin and spent several years participating in grassroots peacebuilding initiatives in Northern Ireland.

• 1. Introduction: Victimhood, Violence and Northern Ireland.- 2. Dealing with the Past.- 3. The Social Construction of Victimhood and Complex Victims.- 4. The Victim-Perpetrator Paradigm.- 5. Hierarchies of Victims.- 6. Hierarchies, Division and Exclusion.- 7. Conclusion: Towards Thicker Reconciliation.