Eilish McLoughlin is an Associate Professor in the School of Physical Sciences and Director of the Research Centre for the Advancement of STEM Teaching and Learning (CASTeL) at Dublin City University. She obtained her PhD in Experimental Surface Physics and for the past 18 years her interests have evolved to focus on physics and science education research that examine the development of curriculum, instruction and assessment models in STEM education, at all levels of education, from primary school to PhD level. She has led and collaborated in many research projects at EU, national, and local levels, including EU FP-7 project SAILS and co-ordinator of EU FP-7 project ESTABLISH. She co-leads the physics initial teacher education programme at Dublin City University and has led several projects that support teachers, both in-service and pre-service, in adopting innovative practices in their classrooms and enhance student identity in Physics. She has received recognition for her leadership in STEM Education and engagement across formal and informal contexts: including the NAIRTL National Award for Teaching Excellence (2010); Institute of Physics Lise Meitner Medal (2018) and the Young Professional Physicist of the Year (2016) and Dublin City University’s President Award for Public Engagement (2017) and for Teaching and Learning (2005).  Odilla E. Finlayson is Associate Professor of Science Education in the School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University. She is one of the founding members of CASTeL (Centre for the Advancement of STEM Teaching and Learning) in Dublin City University and plays an active part in its management and development. She is involved in teaching (mainly physical) chemistry to undergraduate science students and to pre-service teachers. She is interested in curriculum development at second level and was a member of the Board of Science Studies in NCCA (National Council for Curriculum and Assessment. She sits on the Council of the Institute of Chemistry of Ireland, where she is Registrar and also convenor of the Education Committee.  Current research interests are in sustaining science across transitions and in particular in development of appropriate science (chemistry) curricula and assessment. She is also involved in co-ordinating Ireland’s involvement in science Olympiads, namely International Junior Science Olympiad, European Union Science Olympiad and the International Chemistry Olympiad, as Country Co-ordinator and mentor. She has been involved in many local and international research projects, including EU FP-7 project ESTABLISH and co-ordinator of EU FP-7 project SAILS.Sibel Erduran is a Professor of Science Education at University of Oxford and a Fellow of St Cross College. She also holds a Visiting Professorship position at Zhejiang Normal University, China. She is an Editor for International Journal of Science Education, Section Editor for Science Education, andserves on the Executive Board of European Science Education Research Association. Her work experience includes positions in the USA (University of Pittsburgh), Ireland (University of Limerick) as well as other universities in the UK (King’s College London and University of Bristol). Previously she held Visiting Professorships at Oxford Brookes University, National Taiwan Normal University, Kristianstad University, Sweden, and Bogazici University, Turkey. Her higher education was completed in the USA at Vanderbilt (PhD, Science Education & Philosophy), Cornell (MSc, Food chemistry and Chemistry) and Northwestern (BA, Biochemistry) Universities. She has worked as a chemistry teacher in a high school in Northern Cyprus. Her research interests focus on the infusion of epistemic practices of science in science education, in particular chemistry education.  Her work has received international recognition through awards from NARST and EASE. She is currently the Principal Investigator of projects funded by the Wellcome Trust and Templeton World Charity Foundation. Her edited book on Argumentation in Chemistry Education: Research, Policy and Practice (Royal Society of Chemistry) and co-authored book on Transforming Teacher Education through the Epistemic Core of Chemistry: Empirical Evidence and Practical Strategies (Springer) are published in 2019.  Peter E. Childs, University of Limerick. After reading Chemistry at Oxford (1965) and completing a D.Phil., in solid state chemistry (1967), he spent 2 years in North Western University on a postdoctoral fellow with a Fulbright scholarship. He then spent 6 years teaching chemistry from 1970 at Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda where he became interested in working with teachers to improve school chemical education. Returning to the UK he had one year each at York and Leeds on research fellowships, before coming to Ireland in 1978. Initially he taught chemistry and chemical education at Thomond College of Education to intending second-level teachers, and in 1990 joined the chemistry department in the University of Limerick, when the two institutions merged. He then taught inorganic and environmental chemistry, and worked with intending chemistry teachers, until 2009 when he retired. Since he began his retirement he has directed the Chemistry Education Research Group and been involved in three EU-funded projects: SALiS, a Tempus project (2010-2012); TEMI, an FP7 project, 2013-206; ARTIST, an Erasmus+ project, 2017-2019. He has worked intensively with chemistry teachers since coming to Ireland; he started the magazine Chemistry in Action! in 1980, the ChemEd-Ireland conferences in 1982, and the Chemistry Demonstration Workshops in 2004, as well as running many in-service courses and workshops and industry study tours. A number of people have gained PhDs and Masters in science/chemical education under his supervision. He is past Chair of the EuCheMS Division of Chemical Education, and Past-President of the Irish Science Teachers Association and of the Institute of Chemistry of Ireland. His work in chemical education has been recognised by the BP Science Educator of the year award by the ISTA, the Boyle-Higgins Gold Medal of the Institute of Chemistry of Ireland and an education award from Pharmachemical Ireland. As well as chemical education he is also interested in the history of chemistry, the chemical industry and science education.

• 1. Introduction; Eilish McLoughlin, Odilla E. Finlayson, Sibel Erduran and Peter E. Childs.- PART 1: Innovative Approaches to School Science.- 2. Science Education: A Balancing Act Between Research in University, Daily Instruction in Schools and Politics in Education Ministries; Peter Labudde.- 3. Energy teaching at high school based on history and philosophy of science; Manuel Bächtold and Valérie Munier.- 4. An explorative laboratory study: Changing representations of functional dependencies in physics class of lower secondary school; Marie-Annette Geyer and Gesche Pospiech.- 5. Multiple external representations (MER) as a component of special language in biology; Christina Beck and Claudia Nerdel.- 6. Heat angels and paper cups: Discovering pupils’ multimodal experiences of heat using thermal cameras; Andreas Larsson, Matilda Stafstedt and Konrad J. Schönborn.- 7. Science or magic? Reactions of 5 years old pupils to a counter-intuitive experiment; Estelle Blanquet and Eric Picholle.- PART 2: Emerging Identities in Science Education.- 8.  Using theoretical and methodological triangulation to study motivation in the science classroom; Jenny M. Hellgren.- 9. Students’ Awareness of Working Life Skills in the UK, Finland and Germany; Anssi Salonen, Anu Hartikainen-Ahia, Tuula Keinonen, Inês Direito, John Connolly, Annette Scheersoi and Lara Weiser.- 10. Participation and Learner Trajectories in Computing; Anne-Kathrin Peters.- 11. Addressing Complexity in Science|Environment|Health Pedagogy; Albert Zeyer, Nuria Álvaro, Julia Arnold, J. Christian Benninghaus, Helen Hasslöf, Kerstin Kremer, Mats Lundström, Olga Mayoral, Jesper Sjöström, Sandra Sprenger, Valentín Gavidia, and Alla Keselman.- 12. Promoting Students’ Critical and Active Engagement in Socio-scientific Problems: Inter/Trans-national Perspectives; Larry Bencze, Lyn Carter, Audrey Groleau, Mirjan Krstovic, Ralph Levinson, Jenny Martin, Isabel Martins, Chantal Pouliot and Matthew Weinstein.- 13. Understandings of Scientific Inquiry: An International Collaborative Investigation of Grade Sseven Students; Judith S. Lederman, Norman G. Lederman, Selina L. Bartels and Juan P. Jimanez.- PART 3: Learning Progressions and Competences.- 14. Frantic Standstill and Lack of Future: how can Science education take care of students’ distopic Perceptions of time?; Giulia Tasquier, Laura Branchetti and Olivia Levrini.- 15. What does it mean to understand a physics equation? A study of undergraduate answers in three countries; John Airey, Josefine Grundström Lindqvist, and Rebecca Lippmann Kung.- 16. Affordances and constraints of learning progression designs in supporting formative assessment; Erin Marie Furtak and Kelsey Tayne.- 17. Learning progressions and competence models – a comparative illustration through models and modeling in science education; Annette Upmeier zu Belzen, Alicia C. Alonzo, Moritz Krell and Dirk Krüger.- 18. Sciences teaching through the lenses of students - lower secondary school; Eva Pennegård.- 19. Change in first graders’ science-related competence beliefs during digitally intensive science workshops; Anni Loukomies, Kalle Juuti, Jari Lavonen and Katariina Salmela-Aro.- PART 4: Enhancing Science Teacher Education.- 20. The value of school partnerships in improving primary science teaching; Irina Kudenko, Pauline Hoyle and Ben Dunn.- 21. A Design-based Process in Characterizing Experienced Teachers’ Formative Assessment Enactment in Science Classrooms; Hannah Sevian and Vesal Dini.- 22. Teachers' training in developing nanoscience and nanotechnology teaching module in the context of a community of learners; Giannis Sgouros and Dimitris Stavrou.- 23. Developing pre-service teachers' competencies of students' allergies management in school environment; Iztok Devetak, Sonja Posega Devetak and Tina Vesel.

Eilish McLoughlin is an Associate Professor in the School of Physical Sciences and Director of the Research Centre for the Advancement of STEM Teaching and Learning (CASTeL) at Dublin City University. She obtained her PhD in Experimental Surface Physics and for the past 18 years her interests have evolved to focus on physics and science education research that examine the development of curriculum, instruction and assessment models in STEM education, at all levels of education, from primary school to PhD level. She has led and collaborated in many research projects at EU, national, and local levels, including EU FP-7 project SAILS and co-ordinator of EU FP-7 project ESTABLISH. She co-leads the physics initial teacher education programme at Dublin City University and has led several projects that support teachers, both in-service and pre-service, in adopting innovative practices in their classrooms and enhance student identity in Physics. She has received recognition for her leadership in STEM Education and engagement across formal and informal contexts: including the NAIRTL National Award for Teaching Excellence (2010); Institute of Physics Lise Meitner Medal (2018) and the Young Professional Physicist of the Year (2016) and Dublin City University’s President Award for Public Engagement (2017) and for Teaching and Learning (2005).  Odilla E. Finlayson is Associate Professor of Science Education in the School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University. She is one of the founding members of CASTeL (Centre for the Advancement of STEM Teaching and Learning) in Dublin City University and plays an active part in its management and development. She is involved in teaching (mainly physical) chemistry to undergraduate science students and to pre-service teachers. She is interested in curriculum development at second level and was a member of the Board of Science Studies in NCCA (National Council for Curriculum and Assessment. She sits on the Council of the Institute of Chemistry of Ireland, where she is Registrar and also convenor of the Education Committee.  Current research interests are in sustaining science across transitions and in particular in development of appropriate science (chemistry) curricula and assessment. She is also involved in co-ordinating Ireland’s involvement in science Olympiads, namely International Junior Science Olympiad, European Union Science Olympiad and the International Chemistry Olympiad, as Country Co-ordinator and mentor. She has been involved in many local and international research projects, including EU FP-7 project ESTABLISH and co-ordinator of EU FP-7 project SAILS.Sibel Erduran is a Professor of Science Education at University of Oxford and a Fellow of St Cross College. She also holds a Visiting Professorship position at Zhejiang Normal University, China. She is an Editor for International Journal of Science Education, Section Editor for Science Education, andserves on the Executive Board of European Science Education Research Association. Her work experience includes positions in the USA (University of Pittsburgh), Ireland (University of Limerick) as well as other universities in the UK (King’s College London and University of Bristol). Previously she held Visiting Professorships at Oxford Brookes University, National Taiwan Normal University, Kristianstad University, Sweden, and Bogazici University, Turkey. Her higher education was completed in the USA at Vanderbilt (PhD, Science Education & Philosophy), Cornell (MSc, Food chemistry and Chemistry) and Northwestern (BA, Biochemistry) Universities. She has worked as a chemistry teacher in a high school in Northern Cyprus. Her research interests focus on the infusion of epistemic practices of science in science education, in particular chemistry education.  Her work has received international recognition through awards from NARST and EASE. She is currently the Principal Investigator of projects funded by the Wellcome Trust and Templeton World Charity Foundation. Her edited book on Argumentation in Chemistry Education: Research, Policy and Practice (Royal Society of Chemistry) and co-authored book on Transforming Teacher Education through the Epistemic Core of Chemistry: Empirical Evidence and Practical Strategies (Springer) are published in 2019.  Peter E. Childs, University of Limerick. After reading Chemistry at Oxford (1965) and completing a D.Phil., in solid state chemistry (1967), he spent 2 years in North Western University on a postdoctoral fellow with a Fulbright scholarship. He then spent 6 years teaching chemistry from 1970 at Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda where he became interested in working with teachers to improve school chemical education. Returning to the UK he had one year each at York and Leeds on research fellowships, before coming to Ireland in 1978. Initially he taught chemistry and chemical education at Thomond College of Education to intending second-level teachers, and in 1990 joined the chemistry department in the University of Limerick, when the two institutions merged. He then taught inorganic and environmental chemistry, and worked with intending chemistry teachers, until 2009 when he retired. Since he began his retirement he has directed the Chemistry Education Research Group and been involved in three EU-funded projects: SALiS, a Tempus project (2010-2012); TEMI, an FP7 project, 2013-206; ARTIST, an Erasmus+ project, 2017-2019. He has worked intensively with chemistry teachers since coming to Ireland; he started the magazine Chemistry in Action! in 1980, the ChemEd-Ireland conferences in 1982, and the Chemistry Demonstration Workshops in 2004, as well as running many in-service courses and workshops and industry study tours. A number of people have gained PhDs and Masters in science/chemical education under his supervision. He is past Chair of the EuCheMS Division of Chemical Education, and Past-President of the Irish Science Teachers Association and of the Institute of Chemistry of Ireland. His work in chemical education has been recognised by the BP Science Educator of the year award by the ISTA, the Boyle-Higgins Gold Medal of the Institute of Chemistry of Ireland and an education award from Pharmachemical Ireland. As well as chemical education he is also interested in the history of chemistry, the chemical industry and science education.

• 1. Introduction; Eilish McLoughlin, Odilla E. Finlayson, Sibel Erduran and Peter E. Childs.- PART 1: Innovative Approaches to School Science.- 2. Science Education: A Balancing Act Between Research in University, Daily Instruction in Schools and Politics in Education Ministries; Peter Labudde.- 3. Energy teaching at high school based on history and philosophy of science; Manuel Bächtold and Valérie Munier.- 4. An explorative laboratory study: Changing representations of functional dependencies in physics class of lower secondary school; Marie-Annette Geyer and Gesche Pospiech.- 5. Multiple external representations (MER) as a component of special language in biology; Christina Beck and Claudia Nerdel.- 6. Heat angels and paper cups: Discovering pupils’ multimodal experiences of heat using thermal cameras; Andreas Larsson, Matilda Stafstedt and Konrad J. Schönborn.- 7. Science or magic? Reactions of 5 years old pupils to a counter-intuitive experiment; Estelle Blanquet and Eric Picholle.- PART 2: Emerging Identities in Science Education.- 8.  Using theoretical and methodological triangulation to study motivation in the science classroom; Jenny M. Hellgren.- 9. Students’ Awareness of Working Life Skills in the UK, Finland and Germany; Anssi Salonen, Anu Hartikainen-Ahia, Tuula Keinonen, Inês Direito, John Connolly, Annette Scheersoi and Lara Weiser.- 10. Participation and Learner Trajectories in Computing; Anne-Kathrin Peters.- 11. Addressing Complexity in Science|Environment|Health Pedagogy; Albert Zeyer, Nuria Álvaro, Julia Arnold, J. Christian Benninghaus, Helen Hasslöf, Kerstin Kremer, Mats Lundström, Olga Mayoral, Jesper Sjöström, Sandra Sprenger, Valentín Gavidia, and Alla Keselman.- 12. Promoting Students’ Critical and Active Engagement in Socio-scientific Problems: Inter/Trans-national Perspectives; Larry Bencze, Lyn Carter, Audrey Groleau, Mirjan Krstovic, Ralph Levinson, Jenny Martin, Isabel Martins, Chantal Pouliot and Matthew Weinstein.- 13. Understandings of Scientific Inquiry: An International Collaborative Investigation of Grade Sseven Students; Judith S. Lederman, Norman G. Lederman, Selina L. Bartels and Juan P. Jimanez.- PART 3: Learning Progressions and Competences.- 14. Frantic Standstill and Lack of Future: how can Science education take care of students’ distopic Perceptions of time?; Giulia Tasquier, Laura Branchetti and Olivia Levrini.- 15. What does it mean to understand a physics equation? A study of undergraduate answers in three countries; John Airey, Josefine Grundström Lindqvist, and Rebecca Lippmann Kung.- 16. Affordances and constraints of learning progression designs in supporting formative assessment; Erin Marie Furtak and Kelsey Tayne.- 17. Learning progressions and competence models – a comparative illustration through models and modeling in science education; Annette Upmeier zu Belzen, Alicia C. Alonzo, Moritz Krell and Dirk Krüger.- 18. Sciences teaching through the lenses of students - lower secondary school; Eva Pennegård.- 19. Change in first graders’ science-related competence beliefs during digitally intensive science workshops; Anni Loukomies, Kalle Juuti, Jari Lavonen and Katariina Salmela-Aro.- PART 4: Enhancing Science Teacher Education.- 20. The value of school partnerships in improving primary science teaching; Irina Kudenko, Pauline Hoyle and Ben Dunn.- 21. A Design-based Process in Characterizing Experienced Teachers’ Formative Assessment Enactment in Science Classrooms; Hannah Sevian and Vesal Dini.- 22. Teachers' training in developing nanoscience and nanotechnology teaching module in the context of a community of learners; Giannis Sgouros and Dimitris Stavrou.- 23. Developing pre-service teachers' competencies of students' allergies management in school environment; Iztok Devetak, Sonja Posega Devetak and Tina Vesel.

Eilish McLoughlin is an Associate Professor in the School of Physical Sciences and Director of the Research Centre for the Advancement of STEM Teaching and Learning (CASTeL) at Dublin City University. She obtained her PhD in Experimental Surface Physics and for the past 18 years her interests have evolved to focus on physics and science education research that examine the development of curriculum, instruction and assessment models in STEM education, at all levels of education, from primary school to PhD level. She has led and collaborated in many research projects at EU, national, and local levels, including EU FP-7 project SAILS and co-ordinator of EU FP-7 project ESTABLISH. She co-leads the physics initial teacher education programme at Dublin City University and has led several projects that support teachers, both in-service and pre-service, in adopting innovative practices in their classrooms and enhance student identity in Physics. She has received recognition for her leadership in STEM Education and engagement across formal and informal contexts: including the NAIRTL National Award for Teaching Excellence (2010); Institute of Physics Lise Meitner Medal (2018) and the Young Professional Physicist of the Year (2016) and Dublin City University’s President Award for Public Engagement (2017) and for Teaching and Learning (2005).  Odilla E. Finlayson is Associate Professor of Science Education in the School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University. She is one of the founding members of CASTeL (Centre for the Advancement of STEM Teaching and Learning) in Dublin City University and plays an active part in its management and development. She is involved in teaching (mainly physical) chemistry to undergraduate science students and to pre-service teachers. She is interested in curriculum development at second level and was a member of the Board of Science Studies in NCCA (National Council for Curriculum and Assessment. She sits on the Council of the Institute of Chemistry of Ireland, where she is Registrar and also convenor of the Education Committee.  Current research interests are in sustaining science across transitions and in particular in development of appropriate science (chemistry) curricula and assessment. She is also involved in co-ordinating Ireland’s involvement in science Olympiads, namely International Junior Science Olympiad, European Union Science Olympiad and the International Chemistry Olympiad, as Country Co-ordinator and mentor. She has been involved in many local and international research projects, including EU FP-7 project ESTABLISH and co-ordinator of EU FP-7 project SAILS.Sibel Erduran is a Professor of Science Education at University of Oxford and a Fellow of St Cross College. She also holds a Visiting Professorship position at Zhejiang Normal University, China. She is an Editor for International Journal of Science Education, Section Editor for Science Education, andserves on the Executive Board of European Science Education Research Association. Her work experience includes positions in the USA (University of Pittsburgh), Ireland (University of Limerick) as well as other universities in the UK (King’s College London and University of Bristol). Previously she held Visiting Professorships at Oxford Brookes University, National Taiwan Normal University, Kristianstad University, Sweden, and Bogazici University, Turkey. Her higher education was completed in the USA at Vanderbilt (PhD, Science Education & Philosophy), Cornell (MSc, Food chemistry and Chemistry) and Northwestern (BA, Biochemistry) Universities. She has worked as a chemistry teacher in a high school in Northern Cyprus. Her research interests focus on the infusion of epistemic practices of science in science education, in particular chemistry education.  Her work has received international recognition through awards from NARST and EASE. She is currently the Principal Investigator of projects funded by the Wellcome Trust and Templeton World Charity Foundation. Her edited book on Argumentation in Chemistry Education: Research, Policy and Practice (Royal Society of Chemistry) and co-authored book on Transforming Teacher Education through the Epistemic Core of Chemistry: Empirical Evidence and Practical Strategies (Springer) are published in 2019.  Peter E. Childs, University of Limerick. After reading Chemistry at Oxford (1965) and completing a D.Phil., in solid state chemistry (1967), he spent 2 years in North Western University on a postdoctoral fellow with a Fulbright scholarship. He then spent 6 years teaching chemistry from 1970 at Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda where he became interested in working with teachers to improve school chemical education. Returning to the UK he had one year each at York and Leeds on research fellowships, before coming to Ireland in 1978. Initially he taught chemistry and chemical education at Thomond College of Education to intending second-level teachers, and in 1990 joined the chemistry department in the University of Limerick, when the two institutions merged. He then taught inorganic and environmental chemistry, and worked with intending chemistry teachers, until 2009 when he retired. Since he began his retirement he has directed the Chemistry Education Research Group and been involved in three EU-funded projects: SALiS, a Tempus project (2010-2012); TEMI, an FP7 project, 2013-206; ARTIST, an Erasmus+ project, 2017-2019. He has worked intensively with chemistry teachers since coming to Ireland; he started the magazine Chemistry in Action! in 1980, the ChemEd-Ireland conferences in 1982, and the Chemistry Demonstration Workshops in 2004, as well as running many in-service courses and workshops and industry study tours. A number of people have gained PhDs and Masters in science/chemical education under his supervision. He is past Chair of the EuCheMS Division of Chemical Education, and Past-President of the Irish Science Teachers Association and of the Institute of Chemistry of Ireland. His work in chemical education has been recognised by the BP Science Educator of the year award by the ISTA, the Boyle-Higgins Gold Medal of the Institute of Chemistry of Ireland and an education award from Pharmachemical Ireland. As well as chemical education he is also interested in the history of chemistry, the chemical industry and science education.

• 1. Introduction; Eilish McLoughlin, Odilla E. Finlayson, Sibel Erduran and Peter E. Childs.- PART 1: Innovative Approaches to School Science.- 2. Science Education: A Balancing Act Between Research in University, Daily Instruction in Schools and Politics in Education Ministries; Peter Labudde.- 3. Energy teaching at high school based on history and philosophy of science; Manuel Bächtold and Valérie Munier.- 4. An explorative laboratory study: Changing representations of functional dependencies in physics class of lower secondary school; Marie-Annette Geyer and Gesche Pospiech.- 5. Multiple external representations (MER) as a component of special language in biology; Christina Beck and Claudia Nerdel.- 6. Heat angels and paper cups: Discovering pupils’ multimodal experiences of heat using thermal cameras; Andreas Larsson, Matilda Stafstedt and Konrad J. Schönborn.- 7. Science or magic? Reactions of 5 years old pupils to a counter-intuitive experiment; Estelle Blanquet and Eric Picholle.- PART 2: Emerging Identities in Science Education.- 8.  Using theoretical and methodological triangulation to study motivation in the science classroom; Jenny M. Hellgren.- 9. Students’ Awareness of Working Life Skills in the UK, Finland and Germany; Anssi Salonen, Anu Hartikainen-Ahia, Tuula Keinonen, Inês Direito, John Connolly, Annette Scheersoi and Lara Weiser.- 10. Participation and Learner Trajectories in Computing; Anne-Kathrin Peters.- 11. Addressing Complexity in Science|Environment|Health Pedagogy; Albert Zeyer, Nuria Álvaro, Julia Arnold, J. Christian Benninghaus, Helen Hasslöf, Kerstin Kremer, Mats Lundström, Olga Mayoral, Jesper Sjöström, Sandra Sprenger, Valentín Gavidia, and Alla Keselman.- 12. Promoting Students’ Critical and Active Engagement in Socio-scientific Problems: Inter/Trans-national Perspectives; Larry Bencze, Lyn Carter, Audrey Groleau, Mirjan Krstovic, Ralph Levinson, Jenny Martin, Isabel Martins, Chantal Pouliot and Matthew Weinstein.- 13. Understandings of Scientific Inquiry: An International Collaborative Investigation of Grade Sseven Students; Judith S. Lederman, Norman G. Lederman, Selina L. Bartels and Juan P. Jimanez.- PART 3: Learning Progressions and Competences.- 14. Frantic Standstill and Lack of Future: how can Science education take care of students’ distopic Perceptions of time?; Giulia Tasquier, Laura Branchetti and Olivia Levrini.- 15. What does it mean to understand a physics equation? A study of undergraduate answers in three countries; John Airey, Josefine Grundström Lindqvist, and Rebecca Lippmann Kung.- 16. Affordances and constraints of learning progression designs in supporting formative assessment; Erin Marie Furtak and Kelsey Tayne.- 17. Learning progressions and competence models – a comparative illustration through models and modeling in science education; Annette Upmeier zu Belzen, Alicia C. Alonzo, Moritz Krell and Dirk Krüger.- 18. Sciences teaching through the lenses of students - lower secondary school; Eva Pennegård.- 19. Change in first graders’ science-related competence beliefs during digitally intensive science workshops; Anni Loukomies, Kalle Juuti, Jari Lavonen and Katariina Salmela-Aro.- PART 4: Enhancing Science Teacher Education.- 20. The value of school partnerships in improving primary science teaching; Irina Kudenko, Pauline Hoyle and Ben Dunn.- 21. A Design-based Process in Characterizing Experienced Teachers’ Formative Assessment Enactment in Science Classrooms; Hannah Sevian and Vesal Dini.- 22. Teachers' training in developing nanoscience and nanotechnology teaching module in the context of a community of learners; Giannis Sgouros and Dimitris Stavrou.- 23. Developing pre-service teachers' competencies of students' allergies management in school environment; Iztok Devetak, Sonja Posega Devetak and Tina Vesel.