Olivier Marty holds a philosophy doctorate in ethics, directed by Francis Wolff, Professor at École Normale Supérieure (2011). He is further specialized in education sciences with a Habilitation à diriger les recherches entitled: Anthropology of educational organizations, prepared at Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers and defended in 2017. He has served as Director of Studies for the governing boards of University Paris 8.Dr. Ray J. Amirault holds a PhD and MSc in Instructional Systems from Florida State University and a BSc in Computer Science from The University of West Florida. Ray has worked in online education as an assistant professor, instructor, course designer, and researcher for over two decades. He is the International Section Director of QRDE, as well as on the Review Board of two other professional journals, ETR&D and The Internet and Higher Education. He is published by Cambridge University Press, Elsevier, Routledge, IAP Press, and a number of distance learning and educational technology journals. Ray is a native of Chicago, Illinois and currently works at Illinois State University in Normal, Illinois.

• Chapter 1. Condorcet his life and his works.- Chapter 2. Introduction: French higher education and the new republican state.- Chapter 3. 18th century Enlightenment and its mirroring grandes écoles.- Chapter 4. Condorcet: a key thinker in education opening the gates of Revolution.- Chapter 5. Methods to study educational organizations: pedagogy, curriculum, decorum.- Chapter 6. Conclusion: from 1794 to 21st century institutions, the permanence of Condorcet ideas.

Olivier Marty holds a philosophy doctorate in ethics, directed by Francis Wolff, Professor at École Normale Supérieure (2011). He is further specialized in education sciences with a Habilitation à diriger les recherches entitled: Anthropology of educational organizations, prepared at Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers and defended in 2017. He has served as Director of Studies for the governing boards of University Paris 8.Dr. Ray J. Amirault holds a PhD and MSc in Instructional Systems from Florida State University and a BSc in Computer Science from The University of West Florida. Ray has worked in online education as an assistant professor, instructor, course designer, and researcher for over two decades. He is the International Section Director of QRDE, as well as on the Review Board of two other professional journals, ETR&D and The Internet and Higher Education. He is published by Cambridge University Press, Elsevier, Routledge, IAP Press, and a number of distance learning and educational technology journals. Ray is a native of Chicago, Illinois and currently works at Illinois State University in Normal, Illinois.

• Chapter 1. Condorcet his life and his works.- Chapter 2. Introduction: French higher education and the new republican state.- Chapter 3. 18th century Enlightenment and its mirroring grandes écoles.- Chapter 4. Condorcet: a key thinker in education opening the gates of Revolution.- Chapter 5. Methods to study educational organizations: pedagogy, curriculum, decorum.- Chapter 6. Conclusion: from 1794 to 21st century institutions, the permanence of Condorcet ideas.

Olivier Marty holds a philosophy doctorate in ethics, directed by Francis Wolff, Professor at École Normale Supérieure (2011). He is further specialized in education sciences with a Habilitation à diriger les recherches entitled: Anthropology of educational organizations, prepared at Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers and defended in 2017. He has served as Director of Studies for the governing boards of University Paris 8.Dr. Ray J. Amirault holds a PhD and MSc in Instructional Systems from Florida State University and a BSc in Computer Science from The University of West Florida. Ray has worked in online education as an assistant professor, instructor, course designer, and researcher for over two decades. He is the International Section Director of QRDE, as well as on the Review Board of two other professional journals, ETR&D and The Internet and Higher Education. He is published by Cambridge University Press, Elsevier, Routledge, IAP Press, and a number of distance learning and educational technology journals. Ray is a native of Chicago, Illinois and currently works at Illinois State University in Normal, Illinois.

• Chapter 1. Condorcet his life and his works.- Chapter 2. Introduction: French higher education and the new republican state.- Chapter 3. 18th century Enlightenment and its mirroring grandes écoles.- Chapter 4. Condorcet: a key thinker in education opening the gates of Revolution.- Chapter 5. Methods to study educational organizations: pedagogy, curriculum, decorum.- Chapter 6. Conclusion: from 1794 to 21st century institutions, the permanence of Condorcet ideas.