Alireza Amirteimoori is a professor in the Applied Mathematics and Operations Research Group at Islamic Azad University, Iran. His research interests lie in the broad area of performance management with special emphasis on quantitative methods for performance measurement, and especially those based on the broad set of methods known as data envelopment analysis (DEA).Biresh K. Sahoo is a professor of economics at Xavier Institute of Management, XIM University, Bhubaneswar, India, and an associate editor of Omega: The International Journal of Management Science. He specializes in applied production frontier analysis, and his research interests are in the areas of efficiency and productivity performance of firms and the economics of benchmarking.Vincent Charles is an experienced researcher in the field of artificial intelligence and management science, currently with the School of Management, University of Bradford, UK.He has more than two decades of teaching, research, and consultancy experience, having been a full professor and director of research for more than a decade. He has published over 130 research outputs and is the recipient of many international academic honors and awards.Saber Mehdizade is a lecturer in mathematics at Imam Ali University, Iran. He received his PhD in applied mathematics and operations research from Islamic Azad University of Rasht, Iran.

• 1. Benchmarking.- 2. An Introduction to Data Envelopment Analysis.- 3. Probability Theory.- 4. Stochastic Data Envelopment Analysis.- 5. Stochastic Network Data Envelopment Analysis.- 6. Stochastic Scale Elasticity.

Alireza Amirteimoori is a professor in the Applied Mathematics and Operations Research Group at Islamic Azad University, Iran. His research interests lie in the broad area of performance management with special emphasis on quantitative methods for performance measurement, and especially those based on the broad set of methods known as data envelopment analysis (DEA).Biresh K. Sahoo is a professor of economics at Xavier Institute of Management, XIM University, Bhubaneswar, India, and an associate editor of Omega: The International Journal of Management Science. He specializes in applied production frontier analysis, and his research interests are in the areas of efficiency and productivity performance of firms and the economics of benchmarking.Vincent Charles is an experienced researcher in the field of artificial intelligence and management science, currently with the School of Management, University of Bradford, UK.He has more than two decades of teaching, research, and consultancy experience, having been a full professor and director of research for more than a decade. He has published over 130 research outputs and is the recipient of many international academic honors and awards.Saber Mehdizade is a lecturer in mathematics at Imam Ali University, Iran. He received his PhD in applied mathematics and operations research from Islamic Azad University of Rasht, Iran.

• 1. Benchmarking.- 2. An Introduction to Data Envelopment Analysis.- 3. Probability Theory.- 4. Stochastic Data Envelopment Analysis.- 5. Stochastic Network Data Envelopment Analysis.- 6. Stochastic Scale Elasticity.

Alireza Amirteimoori is a professor in the Applied Mathematics and Operations Research Group at Islamic Azad University, Iran. His research interests lie in the broad area of performance management with special emphasis on quantitative methods for performance measurement, and especially those based on the broad set of methods known as data envelopment analysis (DEA).Biresh K. Sahoo is a professor of economics at Xavier Institute of Management, XIM University, Bhubaneswar, India, and an associate editor of Omega: The International Journal of Management Science. He specializes in applied production frontier analysis, and his research interests are in the areas of efficiency and productivity performance of firms and the economics of benchmarking.Vincent Charles is an experienced researcher in the field of artificial intelligence and management science, currently with the School of Management, University of Bradford, UK.He has more than two decades of teaching, research, and consultancy experience, having been a full professor and director of research for more than a decade. He has published over 130 research outputs and is the recipient of many international academic honors and awards.Saber Mehdizade is a lecturer in mathematics at Imam Ali University, Iran. He received his PhD in applied mathematics and operations research from Islamic Azad University of Rasht, Iran.

• 1. Benchmarking.- 2. An Introduction to Data Envelopment Analysis.- 3. Probability Theory.- 4. Stochastic Data Envelopment Analysis.- 5. Stochastic Network Data Envelopment Analysis.- 6. Stochastic Scale Elasticity.