Samara Silva de Souza, Ph.D. in Genetics, Conservation and Evolutionary Biology (INPA), studies aquatic toxicology with a focus on the effects of contaminants such as hydrocarbons and pesticides and the combination with physical-chemical factors in water on the biological responses of fish, including molecular biology, oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms.Susana Braz-Mota, PhD in Biology, Freshwater Biology and Inland Fisheries (INPA), is an expert in the physiological effects of metals, nanoparticles, herbicides and hydrocarbons on mortality, free radical production, antioxidant defense, oxidative stress and morphological changes of aquatic organisms. She also studies the mitochondrial biochemical mechanisms of respiration in fish exposed to high temperature and hypoxia.Adalberto Val is a leading expert in the field of Amazonian fish biology. He has advised over 120 students and published over 220 articles. His books include Fishes of the Amazon and Their Environment, published by Springer. He has served as General Director of INPA (2006-2014) and has been coordinating the ADAPTA project since 2009. He is a member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, a member of the World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), and an awardee of the Gran Cross of the National Order of Scientific Merit (Brazil).

• Introduction.- Part I Impacts of anthropogenic pressure and climate change in the responses of Amazonian aquatic organisms.- 1 Anthropogenic climate change is a present and future stressor for fish communities in the Amazon Basin.- 2 Genetics, toxicological background, and environmental adaptation processes of disease- vector mosquitoes in the Amazon.- 3 Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) of the Rio Negro, Amazonia: Importance, Processes and Potential Anthropogenic Impacts.- 4 Impacts of climate change and local disturbance on stream fish assemblages in the Amazon.- 5 Amazonian aquatic insects in a changing world.- 6 Aquatic herbaceous plants of the Amazonian Wetlands: key species under pressure.- 7 The fate of floodplain forests in a changing Amazon.- 8 Amazonian aquatic food webs, their variation and vulnerability in regard to climate change.- Part II – Ecotoxicology: fish and amphibian sensitivity.- 9 A double threat to Amazonian frogs: toxic contaminants and their interaction with global climate change.- 10 Toxicological impacts of pesticides and heavy metals on Amazon fish: trends and future perspectives.- 11 Impact of organic pollution on the genome of native Amazonian fish species: highlights for the cytogenomics and gene expression.- Part III – Phenotypic plasticity and adaptive mechanisms: change to survive.- 12 Amazonian fish and their bacterial symbionts: An intricate co-dependence relationship in a changing environment.- 13 Environmental nucleic acids: A toolkit for monitoring diversity, conservation and environmental/population health.- 14 Air-breathing fish in the Amazon facing elevated temperatures.- Part IV - Physiological and biochemical responses.- 15 AMAZONIAN CRUSTACEANS: Macrobrachium amazonicum (Decapoda, Palaemonidae).- 16 Is electron transport system activity assay useful for aerobic scope estimation of thermal metabolic stress in fish? A case study with fish from different climatic zones..- 17 Limited thermal capacity of Amazonian fishes to survive in a warming world.- Part V – Aquaculture as a tool to ensure food security in the Amazon.- 18 The future of the value chain of the Pirarucu in the Brazilian Amazon.- 19 Impacts of Climate Change on the Parasite-Host Relationship in Freshwater Aquaculture.- 20 Conclusion and Perspectives.

Samara Silva de Souza, Ph.D. in Genetics, Conservation and Evolutionary Biology (INPA), studies aquatic toxicology with a focus on the effects of contaminants such as hydrocarbons and pesticides and the combination with physical-chemical factors in water on the biological responses of fish, including molecular biology, oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms.Susana Braz-Mota, PhD in Biology, Freshwater Biology and Inland Fisheries (INPA), is an expert in the physiological effects of metals, nanoparticles, herbicides and hydrocarbons on mortality, free radical production, antioxidant defense, oxidative stress and morphological changes of aquatic organisms. She also studies the mitochondrial biochemical mechanisms of respiration in fish exposed to high temperature and hypoxia.Adalberto Val is a leading expert in the field of Amazonian fish biology. He has advised over 120 students and published over 220 articles. His books include Fishes of the Amazon and Their Environment, published by Springer. He has served as General Director of INPA (2006-2014) and has been coordinating the ADAPTA project since 2009. He is a member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, a member of the World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), and an awardee of the Gran Cross of the National Order of Scientific Merit (Brazil).

• Introduction.- Part I Impacts of anthropogenic pressure and climate change in the responses of Amazonian aquatic organisms.- 1 Anthropogenic climate change is a present and future stressor for fish communities in the Amazon Basin.- 2 Genetics, toxicological background, and environmental adaptation processes of disease- vector mosquitoes in the Amazon.- 3 Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) of the Rio Negro, Amazonia: Importance, Processes and Potential Anthropogenic Impacts.- 4 Impacts of climate change and local disturbance on stream fish assemblages in the Amazon.- 5 Amazonian aquatic insects in a changing world.- 6 Aquatic herbaceous plants of the Amazonian Wetlands: key species under pressure.- 7 The fate of floodplain forests in a changing Amazon.- 8 Amazonian aquatic food webs, their variation and vulnerability in regard to climate change.- Part II – Ecotoxicology: fish and amphibian sensitivity.- 9 A double threat to Amazonian frogs: toxic contaminants and their interaction with global climate change.- 10 Toxicological impacts of pesticides and heavy metals on Amazon fish: trends and future perspectives.- 11 Impact of organic pollution on the genome of native Amazonian fish species: highlights for the cytogenomics and gene expression.- Part III – Phenotypic plasticity and adaptive mechanisms: change to survive.- 12 Amazonian fish and their bacterial symbionts: An intricate co-dependence relationship in a changing environment.- 13 Environmental nucleic acids: A toolkit for monitoring diversity, conservation and environmental/population health.- 14 Air-breathing fish in the Amazon facing elevated temperatures.- Part IV - Physiological and biochemical responses.- 15 AMAZONIAN CRUSTACEANS: Macrobrachium amazonicum (Decapoda, Palaemonidae).- 16 Is electron transport system activity assay useful for aerobic scope estimation of thermal metabolic stress in fish? A case study with fish from different climatic zones..- 17 Limited thermal capacity of Amazonian fishes to survive in a warming world.- Part V – Aquaculture as a tool to ensure food security in the Amazon.- 18 The future of the value chain of the Pirarucu in the Brazilian Amazon.- 19 Impacts of Climate Change on the Parasite-Host Relationship in Freshwater Aquaculture.- 20 Conclusion and Perspectives.

Samara Silva de Souza, Ph.D. in Genetics, Conservation and Evolutionary Biology (INPA), studies aquatic toxicology with a focus on the effects of contaminants such as hydrocarbons and pesticides and the combination with physical-chemical factors in water on the biological responses of fish, including molecular biology, oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms.Susana Braz-Mota, PhD in Biology, Freshwater Biology and Inland Fisheries (INPA), is an expert in the physiological effects of metals, nanoparticles, herbicides and hydrocarbons on mortality, free radical production, antioxidant defense, oxidative stress and morphological changes of aquatic organisms. She also studies the mitochondrial biochemical mechanisms of respiration in fish exposed to high temperature and hypoxia.Adalberto Val is a leading expert in the field of Amazonian fish biology. He has advised over 120 students and published over 220 articles. His books include Fishes of the Amazon and Their Environment, published by Springer. He has served as General Director of INPA (2006-2014) and has been coordinating the ADAPTA project since 2009. He is a member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, a member of the World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), and an awardee of the Gran Cross of the National Order of Scientific Merit (Brazil).

• Introduction.- Part I Impacts of anthropogenic pressure and climate change in the responses of Amazonian aquatic organisms.- 1 Anthropogenic climate change is a present and future stressor for fish communities in the Amazon Basin.- 2 Genetics, toxicological background, and environmental adaptation processes of disease- vector mosquitoes in the Amazon.- 3 Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) of the Rio Negro, Amazonia: Importance, Processes and Potential Anthropogenic Impacts.- 4 Impacts of climate change and local disturbance on stream fish assemblages in the Amazon.- 5 Amazonian aquatic insects in a changing world.- 6 Aquatic herbaceous plants of the Amazonian Wetlands: key species under pressure.- 7 The fate of floodplain forests in a changing Amazon.- 8 Amazonian aquatic food webs, their variation and vulnerability in regard to climate change.- Part II – Ecotoxicology: fish and amphibian sensitivity.- 9 A double threat to Amazonian frogs: toxic contaminants and their interaction with global climate change.- 10 Toxicological impacts of pesticides and heavy metals on Amazon fish: trends and future perspectives.- 11 Impact of organic pollution on the genome of native Amazonian fish species: highlights for the cytogenomics and gene expression.- Part III – Phenotypic plasticity and adaptive mechanisms: change to survive.- 12 Amazonian fish and their bacterial symbionts: An intricate co-dependence relationship in a changing environment.- 13 Environmental nucleic acids: A toolkit for monitoring diversity, conservation and environmental/population health.- 14 Air-breathing fish in the Amazon facing elevated temperatures.- Part IV - Physiological and biochemical responses.- 15 AMAZONIAN CRUSTACEANS: Macrobrachium amazonicum (Decapoda, Palaemonidae).- 16 Is electron transport system activity assay useful for aerobic scope estimation of thermal metabolic stress in fish? A case study with fish from different climatic zones..- 17 Limited thermal capacity of Amazonian fishes to survive in a warming world.- Part V – Aquaculture as a tool to ensure food security in the Amazon.- 18 The future of the value chain of the Pirarucu in the Brazilian Amazon.- 19 Impacts of Climate Change on the Parasite-Host Relationship in Freshwater Aquaculture.- 20 Conclusion and Perspectives.