Michał Wenzel is associate professor at SWPS University. He specializes in research methods and sociological aspects of the media. He previously worked at CBOS Public Opinion Research Centre and the University of Oxford and has completed research stays at the University of Michigan and the Max Planck Institute in Cologne.Karina Stasiuk-Krajewska is associate professor at SWPS University in Wrocław and the research coordinator of CEDMO. In her scientific work, she deals with issues of ethics and professionalization, as well as discourse analysis. She is a member of EDMO's Group of Experts on Structural Indicators for the Code of Practice on Disinformation.

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• 1. Introduction: Michał Wenzel, Karina Stasiuk-Krajewska.- 2. Theoretical approaches to disinformation: Karina Stasiuk-Krajewska, Jakub Kuś.- 3. Strategies of disinformation: Veronika Mackova, Katerina Turkova.- 4. Structure of disinformation related to Covid-19: Michał Wenzel.- 5. Penetration of Russian disinformation on the war in Ukraine: Michał Wenzel.- 6. Linguistic  structures of disinformation messages: Karina Stasiuk-Krajewska, Ľuboš Greguš.- 7. Visual structures of disinformation messages: Karina Stasiuk-Krajewska.- 8. Conclusion: changing infosphere in times of crisis: all authors.

Michał Wenzel is associate professor at SWPS University. He specializes in research methods and sociological aspects of the media. He previously worked at CBOS Public Opinion Research Centre and the University of Oxford and has completed research stays at the University of Michigan and the Max Planck Institute in Cologne.Karina Stasiuk-Krajewska is associate professor at SWPS University in Wrocław and the research coordinator of CEDMO. In her scientific work, she deals with issues of ethics and professionalization, as well as discourse analysis. She is a member of EDMO's Group of Experts on Structural Indicators for the Code of Practice on Disinformation.

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• 1. Introduction: Michał Wenzel, Karina Stasiuk-Krajewska.- 2. Theoretical approaches to disinformation: Karina Stasiuk-Krajewska, Jakub Kuś.- 3. Strategies of disinformation: Veronika Mackova, Katerina Turkova.- 4. Structure of disinformation related to Covid-19: Michał Wenzel.- 5. Penetration of Russian disinformation on the war in Ukraine: Michał Wenzel.- 6. Linguistic  structures of disinformation messages: Karina Stasiuk-Krajewska, Ľuboš Greguš.- 7. Visual structures of disinformation messages: Karina Stasiuk-Krajewska.- 8. Conclusion: changing infosphere in times of crisis: all authors.

Michał Wenzel is associate professor at SWPS University. He specializes in research methods and sociological aspects of the media. He previously worked at CBOS Public Opinion Research Centre and the University of Oxford and has completed research stays at the University of Michigan and the Max Planck Institute in Cologne.Karina Stasiuk-Krajewska is associate professor at SWPS University in Wrocław and the research coordinator of CEDMO. In her scientific work, she deals with issues of ethics and professionalization, as well as discourse analysis. She is a member of EDMO's Group of Experts on Structural Indicators for the Code of Practice on Disinformation.

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• 1. Introduction: Michał Wenzel, Karina Stasiuk-Krajewska.- 2. Theoretical approaches to disinformation: Karina Stasiuk-Krajewska, Jakub Kuś.- 3. Strategies of disinformation: Veronika Mackova, Katerina Turkova.- 4. Structure of disinformation related to Covid-19: Michał Wenzel.- 5. Penetration of Russian disinformation on the war in Ukraine: Michał Wenzel.- 6. Linguistic  structures of disinformation messages: Karina Stasiuk-Krajewska, Ľuboš Greguš.- 7. Visual structures of disinformation messages: Karina Stasiuk-Krajewska.- 8. Conclusion: changing infosphere in times of crisis: all authors.