Rubina Romanello, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor of Management in the Department of Economics, Business, Mathematics, and Statistics at the University of Trieste, Italy. Dr. Romanello’s research focuses on International Business, International Entrepreneurship, and Technology Management, with particular interests in early internationalization, SME internationalization, Industry 4.0 and digital technologies, firm competitiveness and performance.Maria Chiarvesio, Ph.D., is a Full Professor of Management at the University of Udine, Italy, where Dr. Chiarvesio teaches International Management and Marketing. Dr. Chiarvesio also serves as the Director of the Master in Digital Marketing. Her research encompasses SME evolution, local production systems, and the impact of digital technologies on business strategies and models.

• 1. The Origins of Early Internationalization.- 2. The Evolution of Early Internationalization: A Systematic Literature Review.- 3. Setting the Boundaries.- 4. Pre-founding, Creation, and Early Internationalization.- 5. Internationalization Patterns and Entry Modes.- 6. Resources, Strategies, and Dynamics.- 7. Performance and Post-entry Growth.- 8. Future Research Agenda.

Rubina Romanello, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor of Management in the Department of Economics, Business, Mathematics, and Statistics at the University of Trieste, Italy. Dr. Romanello’s research focuses on International Business, International Entrepreneurship, and Technology Management, with particular interests in early internationalization, SME internationalization, Industry 4.0 and digital technologies, firm competitiveness and performance.Maria Chiarvesio, Ph.D., is a Full Professor of Management at the University of Udine, Italy, where Dr. Chiarvesio teaches International Management and Marketing. Dr. Chiarvesio also serves as the Director of the Master in Digital Marketing. Her research encompasses SME evolution, local production systems, and the impact of digital technologies on business strategies and models.

• 1. The Origins of Early Internationalization.- 2. The Evolution of Early Internationalization: A Systematic Literature Review.- 3. Setting the Boundaries.- 4. Pre-founding, Creation, and Early Internationalization.- 5. Internationalization Patterns and Entry Modes.- 6. Resources, Strategies, and Dynamics.- 7. Performance and Post-entry Growth.- 8. Future Research Agenda.