Cheryl Maxson (PhD, University of Southern California) is the Department Chair and Professor of Criminology, Law and Society at University of California, Irvine. She was one of the co-editors of the first Eurogang volume and has co-edited the well-received Modern Gang Reader (all four editions) and is co-author of two other books (both by Oxford University Press).Finn-Aage Esbensen (PhD, University of Colorado, Boulder) is the E. Desmond Lee Professor of Youth Crime and Violence at University of Missouri - St. Louis and Chair of the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice. He co-edited American Youth Gangs at the Millennium, is co-author of a criminology textbook (the 9th edition will be published in 2015) and is co-author of a research monograph by Temple University Press. Together, the editors have extensive publication records and have been affiliated with the Eurogang Network since its inception, have participated in each of the 15 workshops, and serve on the group’s Steering Committee. They collaborated on the editing of the fourth Eurogang volume, Youth Gangs in International Context, also published by Springer.

• Introduction.- Part I. Gang Participation and Impacts on Individual Behavior.- Street Gang Variations in Two US Cities.- Micro-Place Disorder, Subjective Powerlessness, and Violent Youth Group Involvement in Antwerp.- Fear and Reciprocity: Comparing Gangs in Brussels and Caracas.- Multiple and Intense Offending Among German Youth.- Gang Youth and Friendship Networks in California Correctional Facilities.- Israeli and US Gangs in the Virtual World.- Part II: Transitions and Gang Transformations.- Motivations for Leaving Gangs in the US.- The Transformation of the Crips in the Netherlands.- How Norwegian Violent Youth Groups and Gangs Fall Apart.- How Do Perceived Discrimination, Perceived Injustice, and Thrill-Seeking Translate into Right Wing Disruptive Group Involvement in Flanders.- Youth Gang Members' Transitions in the US.- Part III: Fostering Gang Transition and Transformation: Strategies for Intervention and Prevention.- Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Evaluations ofGang Interventions in N. America.- Responding to Dutch Gangs with Role Models.- Collaboration as Usual in Sweden.- Intelligence Led Response to Swedish Street Gangs and its Consequences.- Pulling Levels on Gang Violence in London and St. Paul.- Part IV: Conclusions and Directions for Future Research.

Cheryl Maxson (PhD, University of Southern California) is the Department Chair and Professor of Criminology, Law and Society at University of California, Irvine. She was one of the co-editors of the first Eurogang volume and has co-edited the well-received Modern Gang Reader (all four editions) and is co-author of two other books (both by Oxford University Press).Finn-Aage Esbensen (PhD, University of Colorado, Boulder) is the E. Desmond Lee Professor of Youth Crime and Violence at University of Missouri - St. Louis and Chair of the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice. He co-edited American Youth Gangs at the Millennium, is co-author of a criminology textbook (the 9th edition will be published in 2015) and is co-author of a research monograph by Temple University Press. Together, the editors have extensive publication records and have been affiliated with the Eurogang Network since its inception, have participated in each of the 15 workshops, and serve on the group’s Steering Committee. They collaborated on the editing of the fourth Eurogang volume, Youth Gangs in International Context, also published by Springer.

• Introduction.- Part I. Gang Participation and Impacts on Individual Behavior.- Street Gang Variations in Two US Cities.- Micro-Place Disorder, Subjective Powerlessness, and Violent Youth Group Involvement in Antwerp.- Fear and Reciprocity: Comparing Gangs in Brussels and Caracas.- Multiple and Intense Offending Among German Youth.- Gang Youth and Friendship Networks in California Correctional Facilities.- Israeli and US Gangs in the Virtual World.- Part II: Transitions and Gang Transformations.- Motivations for Leaving Gangs in the US.- The Transformation of the Crips in the Netherlands.- How Norwegian Violent Youth Groups and Gangs Fall Apart.- How Do Perceived Discrimination, Perceived Injustice, and Thrill-Seeking Translate into Right Wing Disruptive Group Involvement in Flanders.- Youth Gang Members' Transitions in the US.- Part III: Fostering Gang Transition and Transformation: Strategies for Intervention and Prevention.- Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Evaluations ofGang Interventions in N. America.- Responding to Dutch Gangs with Role Models.- Collaboration as Usual in Sweden.- Intelligence Led Response to Swedish Street Gangs and its Consequences.- Pulling Levels on Gang Violence in London and St. Paul.- Part IV: Conclusions and Directions for Future Research.

Cheryl Maxson (PhD, University of Southern California) is the Department Chair and Professor of Criminology, Law and Society at University of California, Irvine. She was one of the co-editors of the first Eurogang volume and has co-edited the well-received Modern Gang Reader (all four editions) and is co-author of two other books (both by Oxford University Press).Finn-Aage Esbensen (PhD, University of Colorado, Boulder) is the E. Desmond Lee Professor of Youth Crime and Violence at University of Missouri - St. Louis and Chair of the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice. He co-edited American Youth Gangs at the Millennium, is co-author of a criminology textbook (the 9th edition will be published in 2015) and is co-author of a research monograph by Temple University Press. Together, the editors have extensive publication records and have been affiliated with the Eurogang Network since its inception, have participated in each of the 15 workshops, and serve on the group’s Steering Committee. They collaborated on the editing of the fourth Eurogang volume, Youth Gangs in International Context, also published by Springer.

• Introduction.- Part I. Gang Participation and Impacts on Individual Behavior.- Street Gang Variations in Two US Cities.- Micro-Place Disorder, Subjective Powerlessness, and Violent Youth Group Involvement in Antwerp.- Fear and Reciprocity: Comparing Gangs in Brussels and Caracas.- Multiple and Intense Offending Among German Youth.- Gang Youth and Friendship Networks in California Correctional Facilities.- Israeli and US Gangs in the Virtual World.- Part II: Transitions and Gang Transformations.- Motivations for Leaving Gangs in the US.- The Transformation of the Crips in the Netherlands.- How Norwegian Violent Youth Groups and Gangs Fall Apart.- How Do Perceived Discrimination, Perceived Injustice, and Thrill-Seeking Translate into Right Wing Disruptive Group Involvement in Flanders.- Youth Gang Members' Transitions in the US.- Part III: Fostering Gang Transition and Transformation: Strategies for Intervention and Prevention.- Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Evaluations ofGang Interventions in N. America.- Responding to Dutch Gangs with Role Models.- Collaboration as Usual in Sweden.- Intelligence Led Response to Swedish Street Gangs and its Consequences.- Pulling Levels on Gang Violence in London and St. Paul.- Part IV: Conclusions and Directions for Future Research.