Dinah Shelton, Manatt/Ahn professor of international law (emerita) at George Washington University Law School, is a leading authority on international law and a prize-winning author. She has been a consultant on human rights to the United Nations, the Council of Europe, and the European community and served as Commissioner of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Makane Moïse Mbengue, Ph.D., University of Geneva, is a Professor of International Law at the same university and a Visiting Professor at Sciences Po Paris. He has authored many publications in general international law, including international environmental law, with the most recent being A Multifaceted Approach to Trade Liberalisation and Investment Protection in the Energy Sector (Brill, 2021). Elena Cima, Ph.D., Geneva Graduate Institute, is a Senior Lecturer in International Environmental and Economic Law at the University of Geneva. She has published in peer-review journals and has authored and edited several publications in international environmental and economic law, with the most recent being her monograph From Exception to Promotion: Re-Thinking the Relationship between Trade and Environmental Law (Brill, 2022). Brian McGarry, Ph.D., University of Geneva, is an Assistant Professor of Public International Law at Leiden University, Visiting Professor of International Environmental Law and Policy at Vermont Law School, and formerly Lecturer and Senior Researcher at the Geneva Graduate Institute and Visiting Professor at Sciences Po Paris. He practices as Counsel and Advocate in strategic litigation focused on environmental protection.

• Authors’ PrefaceList of AbbreviationsChronological Table of Treaties and Other International InstrumentsEuropean Union LawTable of CasesIntroductionPART 1: Structure and Basic Concepts1 Foundations of International Environmental Law2 Origin and Evolution of International Environmental Law3 The Sources of International Environmental Law4 Customary International Law and Environmental Principles5 International Institutions and Actors6 Implementing International Environmental Law: Techniques and Procedures7 Compliance and Dispute SettlementPART 2: Sectoral and Trans-Sectoral Regulation<8 Protection of Biological Diversity9 Soil10 Fresh Waters11 Protection of the Marine Environment12 Atmosphere and Climate13 Regulating Threats to the EnvironmentPART 3: Inclusive Environmental Protection<14 Integrated Environmental Protection15 Human Rights and the Environment16 Environmental Protection and Military Activities17 Environmental Protection and Economic ActivitiesIndex

Dinah Shelton, Manatt/Ahn professor of international law (emerita) at George Washington University Law School, is a leading authority on international law and a prize-winning author. She has been a consultant on human rights to the United Nations, the Council of Europe, and the European community and served as Commissioner of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Makane Moïse Mbengue, Ph.D., University of Geneva, is a Professor of International Law at the same university and a Visiting Professor at Sciences Po Paris. He has authored many publications in general international law, including international environmental law, with the most recent being A Multifaceted Approach to Trade Liberalisation and Investment Protection in the Energy Sector (Brill, 2021). Elena Cima, Ph.D., Geneva Graduate Institute, is a Senior Lecturer in International Environmental and Economic Law at the University of Geneva. She has published in peer-review journals and has authored and edited several publications in international environmental and economic law, with the most recent being her monograph From Exception to Promotion: Re-Thinking the Relationship between Trade and Environmental Law (Brill, 2022). Brian McGarry, Ph.D., University of Geneva, is an Assistant Professor of Public International Law at Leiden University, Visiting Professor of International Environmental Law and Policy at Vermont Law School, and formerly Lecturer and Senior Researcher at the Geneva Graduate Institute and Visiting Professor at Sciences Po Paris. He practices as Counsel and Advocate in strategic litigation focused on environmental protection.

• Authors’ PrefaceList of AbbreviationsChronological Table of Treaties and Other International InstrumentsEuropean Union LawTable of CasesIntroductionPART 1: Structure and Basic Concepts1 Foundations of International Environmental Law2 Origin and Evolution of International Environmental Law3 The Sources of International Environmental Law4 Customary International Law and Environmental Principles5 International Institutions and Actors6 Implementing International Environmental Law: Techniques and Procedures7 Compliance and Dispute SettlementPART 2: Sectoral and Trans-Sectoral Regulation<8 Protection of Biological Diversity9 Soil10 Fresh Waters11 Protection of the Marine Environment12 Atmosphere and Climate13 Regulating Threats to the EnvironmentPART 3: Inclusive Environmental Protection<14 Integrated Environmental Protection15 Human Rights and the Environment16 Environmental Protection and Military Activities17 Environmental Protection and Economic ActivitiesIndex

Dinah Shelton, Manatt/Ahn professor of international law (emerita) at George Washington University Law School, is a leading authority on international law and a prize-winning author. She has been a consultant on human rights to the United Nations, the Council of Europe, and the European community and served as Commissioner of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Makane Moïse Mbengue, Ph.D., University of Geneva, is a Professor of International Law at the same university and a Visiting Professor at Sciences Po Paris. He has authored many publications in general international law, including international environmental law, with the most recent being A Multifaceted Approach to Trade Liberalisation and Investment Protection in the Energy Sector (Brill, 2021). Elena Cima, Ph.D., Geneva Graduate Institute, is a Senior Lecturer in International Environmental and Economic Law at the University of Geneva. She has published in peer-review journals and has authored and edited several publications in international environmental and economic law, with the most recent being her monograph From Exception to Promotion: Re-Thinking the Relationship between Trade and Environmental Law (Brill, 2022). Brian McGarry, Ph.D., University of Geneva, is an Assistant Professor of Public International Law at Leiden University, Visiting Professor of International Environmental Law and Policy at Vermont Law School, and formerly Lecturer and Senior Researcher at the Geneva Graduate Institute and Visiting Professor at Sciences Po Paris. He practices as Counsel and Advocate in strategic litigation focused on environmental protection.

• Authors’ PrefaceList of AbbreviationsChronological Table of Treaties and Other International InstrumentsEuropean Union LawTable of CasesIntroductionPART 1: Structure and Basic Concepts1 Foundations of International Environmental Law2 Origin and Evolution of International Environmental Law3 The Sources of International Environmental Law4 Customary International Law and Environmental Principles5 International Institutions and Actors6 Implementing International Environmental Law: Techniques and Procedures7 Compliance and Dispute SettlementPART 2: Sectoral and Trans-Sectoral Regulation<8 Protection of Biological Diversity9 Soil10 Fresh Waters11 Protection of the Marine Environment12 Atmosphere and Climate13 Regulating Threats to the EnvironmentPART 3: Inclusive Environmental Protection<14 Integrated Environmental Protection15 Human Rights and the Environment16 Environmental Protection and Military Activities17 Environmental Protection and Economic ActivitiesIndex