Alexander Keese, Ph.D. (University of Freiburg, Germany, 2004), is SNSF Professor at the Université de Genève, Switzerland. He is the author of Living with Ambiguity: Integrating an African Elite in French and Portuguese Africa, 1930–61 (Stuttgart: Steiner, 2007).

• Acknowledgements ... viiMaps ... x1 Introduction ... 12 Group Identifications: African and Global Categories ... 363 Wolof and Wolofisation: Statehood, Colonial Rule, and Identification in Senegal ... 844 Fragmentation and the Temne: From War Raids into Ethnic Civil Wars ... 1585 ‘Ethnic Identity’ as an Anti-colonial Weapon? Ewe Mobilisation from the Late Nineteenth Century to the 1960s ... 2206 Conclusion ... 293Bibliography ... 313Index ... 361

Alexander Keese, Ph.D. (University of Freiburg, Germany, 2004), is SNSF Professor at the Université de Genève, Switzerland. He is the author of Living with Ambiguity: Integrating an African Elite in French and Portuguese Africa, 1930–61 (Stuttgart: Steiner, 2007).

• Acknowledgements ... viiMaps ... x1 Introduction ... 12 Group Identifications: African and Global Categories ... 363 Wolof and Wolofisation: Statehood, Colonial Rule, and Identification in Senegal ... 844 Fragmentation and the Temne: From War Raids into Ethnic Civil Wars ... 1585 ‘Ethnic Identity’ as an Anti-colonial Weapon? Ewe Mobilisation from the Late Nineteenth Century to the 1960s ... 2206 Conclusion ... 293Bibliography ... 313Index ... 361

Alexander Keese, Ph.D. (University of Freiburg, Germany, 2004), is SNSF Professor at the Université de Genève, Switzerland. He is the author of Living with Ambiguity: Integrating an African Elite in French and Portuguese Africa, 1930–61 (Stuttgart: Steiner, 2007).

• Acknowledgements ... viiMaps ... x1 Introduction ... 12 Group Identifications: African and Global Categories ... 363 Wolof and Wolofisation: Statehood, Colonial Rule, and Identification in Senegal ... 844 Fragmentation and the Temne: From War Raids into Ethnic Civil Wars ... 1585 ‘Ethnic Identity’ as an Anti-colonial Weapon? Ewe Mobilisation from the Late Nineteenth Century to the 1960s ... 2206 Conclusion ... 293Bibliography ... 313Index ... 361