Ben Lazare Mijuskovic, Ph.D., is a retired Professor of Philosophy (CSU) and Psychotherapist. He has published numerous books and articles on theories of consciousness in relation to human loneliness, including Consciousness and Loneliness: Theoria and Praxis (Brill, 2019), Metaphysical Dualism, Subjective Idealism and Existential Loneliness (2022), The Philosophical Roots of Loneliness and Intimacy: Political Narcissism and the Problem of Evil (2022) and Theories of Consciousness and the Problem of Evil in the History of Ideas(2023).

• 1 The Battle between Gods and Giants: Materialism and Idealism2 The Foundations of Western Science: Materialism, Empiricism, and Determinism3 Metaphysical Dualism, Subjective and Objective Idealism: Freedom and Spontaneity4 Brentano, Husserl, and Sartre on Transcendence, Intentionality, Spontaneity, and Values5 The Ancient Origins of Good and Evil: Closing the Circle6 Schopenhauer and Thomas Hardy: Optimism and Pessimism, the Virtues of Resignation and Compassion7 The Ethics of Universal SuicideEpilogueAppendix – Chart of Hegel’s CategoriesBibliographyName IndexSubject Index

Ben Lazare Mijuskovic, Ph.D., is a retired Professor of Philosophy (CSU) and Psychotherapist. He has published numerous books and articles on theories of consciousness in relation to human loneliness, including Consciousness and Loneliness: Theoria and Praxis (Brill, 2019), Metaphysical Dualism, Subjective Idealism and Existential Loneliness (2022), The Philosophical Roots of Loneliness and Intimacy: Political Narcissism and the Problem of Evil (2022) and Theories of Consciousness and the Problem of Evil in the History of Ideas(2023).

• 1 The Battle between Gods and Giants: Materialism and Idealism2 The Foundations of Western Science: Materialism, Empiricism, and Determinism3 Metaphysical Dualism, Subjective and Objective Idealism: Freedom and Spontaneity4 Brentano, Husserl, and Sartre on Transcendence, Intentionality, Spontaneity, and Values5 The Ancient Origins of Good and Evil: Closing the Circle6 Schopenhauer and Thomas Hardy: Optimism and Pessimism, the Virtues of Resignation and Compassion7 The Ethics of Universal SuicideEpilogueAppendix – Chart of Hegel’s CategoriesBibliographyName IndexSubject Index

Ben Lazare Mijuskovic, Ph.D., is a retired Professor of Philosophy (CSU) and Psychotherapist. He has published numerous books and articles on theories of consciousness in relation to human loneliness, including Consciousness and Loneliness: Theoria and Praxis (Brill, 2019), Metaphysical Dualism, Subjective Idealism and Existential Loneliness (2022), The Philosophical Roots of Loneliness and Intimacy: Political Narcissism and the Problem of Evil (2022) and Theories of Consciousness and the Problem of Evil in the History of Ideas(2023).

• 1 The Battle between Gods and Giants: Materialism and Idealism2 The Foundations of Western Science: Materialism, Empiricism, and Determinism3 Metaphysical Dualism, Subjective and Objective Idealism: Freedom and Spontaneity4 Brentano, Husserl, and Sartre on Transcendence, Intentionality, Spontaneity, and Values5 The Ancient Origins of Good and Evil: Closing the Circle6 Schopenhauer and Thomas Hardy: Optimism and Pessimism, the Virtues of Resignation and Compassion7 The Ethics of Universal SuicideEpilogueAppendix – Chart of Hegel’s CategoriesBibliographyName IndexSubject Index