This book aims to summarize the knowledge of smart nanoparticles in advancing plant gene transfer, focusing on their capacity for penetrating plant cells and delivering genetic engineering cargo such as nucleic acids, and eventually to enhance the efficiency and precision of plant genetic engineering. Plant gene transfer is a fundamental biotechnology for obtaining genetically modified plants. For decades, certain protocols have been developed to achieve successful plant genetic engineering events; however, there are still some limitations, particularly in the way to enhance their efficiency and precision. This book comprehensively discusses the benefits and limitations of nano-biotechnology on plant gene transfer, covering carbon, metallic, silicon, and bioinspired nanoparticles. This book presents the edge knowledge of nanocarriers in plant genome editing, including their methods and applications, particularly, which includes the part of CRISPR/Cas9 technology. From fundamentals to practical applications of nano-biotechnology, this book will be an ideal reference for readers in the fields of plant genetics, plant physiology, plant biotechnology, plant breeding, and materials science.