This volume includes seven chapters that detail horizons in neuroscience research. Chapter 1 seeks to discuss current promising exploration in the field of neuroendovascular treatment in improving patient outcomes focusing on the following: mechanical thrombectomy devices for acute ischemic stroke, imaging advances in patient selection, aneurysms treatment, improvement in robotic technology to assist operators, and liquid embolic agents for cerebrovascular malformations. Chapter 2 aims to discuss the experimental and clinical role of approved Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in multiple sclerosis (MS). Chapter 3 explores the critical role of neuroplasticity in adapting organizational behavior, emphasizing its implications for management practices. Chapter 4 provides a detailed and up-to-date review of recent advances in the pharmacological treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Chapter 5 demonstrates the fundamentals of astroglial ionic waves in brain function, and their complex interaction with better known mechanisms based on neuron synaptic connections. Chapter 6 presents some morphologically diverse layer V pyramidal neurons and demonstrate pleomorphic spines in the prefrontal cortex of rats. Finally, Chapter 7 explores cutting-edge methodologies employed in neural mapping through machine learning, emphasizing the integration of neuroimaging data and computational models.