Joachim Funke – författare

This volume presents a state-of-the-science review of the most promising current European research -- and its historic roots of research -- on complex problem solving (CPS) in Europe. It is an attempt to close the knowledge gap among American scholars regarding the European approach to understanding CPS. Although most of the American researchers are well aware of the fact that CPS has been a very active research area in Europe for quite some time, they do not know any specifics about even the most important research. Part of the reason for this lack of knowledge is undoubtedly the fact that European researchers -- for the most part -- have been rather reluctant to publish their work in English-language journals. The book concentrates on European research because the basic approach European scholars have taken to studying CPS is very different from one taken by North American researchers. Traditionally, American scholars have been studying CPS in "natural" domains -- physics, reading, writing, and chess playing -- concentrating primarily on exploring novice-expert differences and the acquisition of a complex skill. European scholars, in contrast, have been primarily concerned with problem solving behavior in artificially generated, mostly computerized, complex systems. While the American approach has the advantage of high external validity, the European approach has the advantage of system variables that can be systematically manipulated to reveal the effects of system parameters on CPS behavior. The two approaches are thus best viewed as complementing each other. This volume contains contributions from four European countries -- Sweden, Switzerland, Great Britain, and Germany. As such, it accurately represents the bulk of empirical research on CPS which has been conducted in Europe. An international cooperation started two years ago with the goal of bringing the European research on complex problem solving to the awareness of American scholars. A direct result of that effort, the contributions to this book are both informative and comprehensive.

This volume presents a state-of-the-science review of the most promising current European research -- and its historic roots of research -- on complex problem solving (CPS) in Europe. It is an attempt to close the knowledge gap among American scholars regarding the European approach to understanding CPS. Although most of the American researchers are well aware of the fact that CPS has been a very active research area in Europe for quite some time, they do not know any specifics about even the most important research. Part of the reason for this lack of knowledge is undoubtedly the fact that European researchers -- for the most part -- have been rather reluctant to publish their work in English-language journals. The book concentrates on European research because the basic approach European scholars have taken to studying CPS is very different from one taken by North American researchers. Traditionally, American scholars have been studying CPS in "natural" domains -- physics, reading, writing, and chess playing -- concentrating primarily on exploring novice-expert differences and the acquisition of a complex skill. European scholars, in contrast, have been primarily concerned with problem solving behavior in artificially generated, mostly computerized, complex systems. While the American approach has the advantage of high external validity, the European approach has the advantage of system variables that can be systematically manipulated to reveal the effects of system parameters on CPS behavior. The two approaches are thus best viewed as complementing each other. This volume contains contributions from four European countries -- Sweden, Switzerland, Great Britain, and Germany. As such, it accurately represents the bulk of empirical research on CPS which has been conducted in Europe. An international cooperation started two years ago with the goal of bringing the European research on complex problem solving to the awareness of American scholars. A direct result of that effort, the contributions to this book are both informative and comprehensive.

This volume presents a state-of-the-science review of the most promising current European research -- and its historic roots of research -- on complex problem solving (CPS) in Europe. It is an attempt to close the knowledge gap among American scholars regarding the European approach to understanding CPS. Although most of the American researchers are well aware of the fact that CPS has been a very active research area in Europe for quite some time, they do not know any specifics about even the most important research. Part of the reason for this lack of knowledge is undoubtedly the fact that European researchers -- for the most part -- have been rather reluctant to publish their work in English-language journals. The book concentrates on European research because the basic approach European scholars have taken to studying CPS is very different from one taken by North American researchers. Traditionally, American scholars have been studying CPS in "natural" domains -- physics, reading, writing, and chess playing -- concentrating primarily on exploring novice-expert differences and the acquisition of a complex skill. European scholars, in contrast, have been primarily concerned with problem solving behavior in artificially generated, mostly computerized, complex systems. While the American approach has the advantage of high external validity, the European approach has the advantage of system variables that can be systematically manipulated to reveal the effects of system parameters on CPS behavior. The two approaches are thus best viewed as complementing each other. This volume contains contributions from four European countries -- Sweden, Switzerland, Great Britain, and Germany. As such, it accurately represents the bulk of empirical research on CPS which has been conducted in Europe. An international cooperation started two years ago with the goal of bringing the European research on complex problem solving to the awareness of American scholars. A direct result of that effort, the contributions to this book are both informative and comprehensive.

This volume presents a state-of-the-science review of the most promising current European research -- and its historic roots of research -- on complex problem solving (CPS) in Europe. It is an attempt to close the knowledge gap among American scholars regarding the European approach to understanding CPS. Although most of the American researchers are well aware of the fact that CPS has been a very active research area in Europe for quite some time, they do not know any specifics about even the most important research. Part of the reason for this lack of knowledge is undoubtedly the fact that European researchers -- for the most part -- have been rather reluctant to publish their work in English-language journals. The book concentrates on European research because the basic approach European scholars have taken to studying CPS is very different from one taken by North American researchers. Traditionally, American scholars have been studying CPS in "natural" domains -- physics, reading, writing, and chess playing -- concentrating primarily on exploring novice-expert differences and the acquisition of a complex skill. European scholars, in contrast, have been primarily concerned with problem solving behavior in artificially generated, mostly computerized, complex systems. While the American approach has the advantage of high external validity, the European approach has the advantage of system variables that can be systematically manipulated to reveal the effects of system parameters on CPS behavior. The two approaches are thus best viewed as complementing each other. This volume contains contributions from four European countries -- Sweden, Switzerland, Great Britain, and Germany. As such, it accurately represents the bulk of empirical research on CPS which has been conducted in Europe. An international cooperation started two years ago with the goal of bringing the European research on complex problem solving to the awareness of American scholars. A direct result of that effort, the contributions to this book are both informative and comprehensive.

Milieus of Creativity is the second volume in the book series Knowledge and Space. This book deals with spatial disparities of knowledge and the impact of environments, space and contexts on the production and application of knowledge. The contributions in this volume focus on the role of places, environments, and spatial contexts for the emergence and perpetuation of creativity. Is environment a social or a spatial phenomenon? Are only social factors relevant for the development of creativity or should one also include material artefacts and resources in its definition? How can we explain spatial disparities of creativity without falling victim to geodeterminism?This book offers insights from various disciplines such as environmental psychology, philosophy, and social geography. It presents the results of a research conference at Heidelberg University in September 2006, which was supported by the Klaus Tschira Foundation.

Intelligence allows people to understand events and to shape their surrounding environment. This book delves deeper into the theories and applications of intelligence, showing it is a multifaceted concept —defined and explained differently by prestigious experts of various disciplines in their own research. The book provides interdisciplinary connections of intelligence as it relates to a variety of clearly outlined subject areas, and should lead to a deep understanding of the phenomenon as it pertains to practical applications in different domains. Contributors in this volume present results from evolutionary biology, mathematics, artificial intelligence, medicine, psychology, cultural studies, economy, political sciences and philosophy. Individual scientific models are integrated in an interdisciplinary concept of wisdom. This volume will help enhance the common understanding of intelligence for fellow researchers and scientists alike.

Intelligence allows people to understand events and to shape their surrounding environment. This book delves deeper into the theories and applications of intelligence, showing it is a multifaceted concept —defined and explained differently by prestigious experts of various disciplines in their own research. The book provides interdisciplinary connections of intelligence as it relates to a variety of clearly outlined subject areas, and should lead to a deep understanding of the phenomenon as it pertains to practical applications in different domains. Contributors in this volume present results from evolutionary biology, mathematics, artificial intelligence, medicine, psychology, cultural studies, economy, political sciences and philosophy. Individual scientific models are integrated in an interdisciplinary concept of wisdom. This volume will help enhance the common understanding of intelligence for fellow researchers and scientists alike.

Probleme begegnen uns täglich. Von einfachen Alltagsschwierigkeiten bis zu folgereichen Lebensentscheidungen, von eng vernetzten Organisationsaufgaben bis zu globalen politischen Fragestellungen reicht die Palette der Probleme, die es zu lösen gilt.Wie gehen Menschen dabei vor? Wie lässt sich die besondere Fähigkeit zum problemlösenden Denken erforschen, beschreiben und erklären? Was wissen wir über die kognitiven und kreativen Prozesse, die ablaufen, wenn man die Veränderung einer gegebenen Situation zielgerichtet anstrebt?Ziel des Buches ist es, die vorliegenden Modelle, Untersuchungsmethoden und Befunde zum einfachen und komplexen Problemlösen zu ordnen und ihre Beziehungen zu anderen Bereichen der Psychologie herauszuarbeiten. Studierende, Forschende und interessierte Laien finden hier eine umfassende und übersichtliche Darstellung.

Im zweiten Teil „Urteilen“ lernt der Leser die menschlichen Strategien und Regeln der Urteilsbildung kennen und wie Urteile sozial, emotional und motivational beeinflusst werden.

Die allgemeine Psychologie in 4 kompakten Bänden! – Stellen Sie sich je nach Studien- und Prüfungsschwerpunkten aus dieser neuen Reihe die Module zusammen, die Sie benötigen. Dieser Band enthält alle prüfungsrelevanten Themen des Faches „Denken“: Im Teil „Entscheiden“ werden die zentralen Phasen des Entscheidungsprozesses vorgestellt, von der Informationssuche über Bewertungsprozesse bis zu den Effekten einer getroffenen Entscheidung. Im zweiten Teil „Urteilen“ lernt der Leser die menschlichen Strategien und Regeln der Urteilsbildung kennen und wie Urteile sozial, emotional und motivational beeinflusst werden. Theorien und spannende Phänomene des „Problemlösens“ bilden Teil 3 des Bandes. Die prüfungsrelevanten Themen des Faches sind vollständig abgedeckt und sehr lernfreundlich aufbereitet durch zahlreiche Fallbeispiele, Bezüge zur Berufspraxis, Definitionen, Lernziele, Kontrollfragen und vertiefende Literatur. Das Buch ist gleichzeitig sehr kompakt: eine ausführliche Randspalte (fast-track) bietet das Wichtigste in Kürze – damit auch unter Zeitdruck alles Wesentliche hängenbleibt. Und es bietet noch mehr: Die begleitende Website enthält zahlreiche Lerntools für Studierende und Materialien für Dozenten sowie alle Kapitel als mp3-Hörbeiträge zum kostenlosen Download.

Das Vertrauen auf den wissenschaftlichen Fortschritt ist heutzutage groß. Aber was heißt Fortschritt? Schreiten wir zu einer besseren oder nur von einer ehemaligen Zeit fort? Der Unterschied ist eine Angelegenheit der Ausrichtung. Das Buch widmet sich deswegen der Frage, wie es gelingen kann, dem wissenschaftlichen Streben in der Psychologie eine Ordnung zu geben. Dabei werden zwei Perspektiven eingenommen: Zunächst blickt die Philosophie auf die Möglichkeit einer theoretischen Psychologie in Hinsicht auf anthropologische und wissenschaftstheoretische Voraussetzungen, dann die Experimentalpsychologie auf die Möglichkeit guter Theoriebildung. Der dritte Teil des Buches ist der Versuch einer Synthese, in dem der philosophisch-psychologische Perspektivenpluralismus als Programm vorgeschlagen wird, die Richtungen, in die der Fortschritt der Disziplin erfolgt, kritisch zu begleiten.

Das Vertrauen auf den wissenschaftlichen Fortschritt ist heutzutage groß. Aber was heißt Fortschritt? Schreiten wir zu einer besseren oder nur von einer ehemaligen Zeit fort? Der Unterschied ist eine Angelegenheit der Ausrichtung. Das Buch widmet sich deswegen der Frage, wie es gelingen kann, dem wissenschaftlichen Streben in der Psychologie eine Ordnung zu geben. Dabei werden zwei Perspektiven eingenommen: Zunächst blickt die Philosophie auf die Möglichkeit einer theoretischen Psychologie in Hinsicht auf anthropologische und wissenschaftstheoretische Voraussetzungen, dann die Experimentalpsychologie auf die Möglichkeit guter Theoriebildung. Der dritte Teil des Buches ist der Versuch einer Synthese, in dem der philosophisch-psychologische Perspektivenpluralismus als Programm vorgeschlagen wird, die Richtungen, in die der Fortschritt der Disziplin erfolgt, kritisch zu begleiten.

Denken und Problemlösen stellen traditionsreiche Schwerpunkte in der deutschen psychologischen Forschung dar. Der Band bietet mit elf Beiträgen einen kenntnisreichen Überblick über die verschiedenen Fassetten des Themas Denken und Problemlösen, angefangen vom logischen Urteil über Induktionsschlüsse, heuristisches Denken, formale Modelle bis hin zu Problemlösen und dabei auftretenden Fehlern. Zudem werden kulturelle Unterschiede, das Verhältnis von Denken und Sprache sowie Methoden der Denk- und Problemlösepsychologie behandelt. Alle Beiträge sind von namhaften Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern verfasst und repräsentieren den aktuellen Stand im Bereich der Erforschung des Denkens und Problemlösens.

Das Handbuch bietet einen Überblick über das Fachgebiet der Kognitiven Psychologie, den es so aktuell, so umfassend und zugleich so kompakt nirgendwo anders gibt. In 89 Kapiteln werden wichtige Konzepte wie z.B. Kognition, Aufmerksamkeit, Arbeitsgedächtnis, Kreativität, Handlungsplanung oder Textverstehen vorgestellt. Geordnet sind die Beiträge nach den großen Bereichen Wahrnehmung, Lernen, Gedächtnis, Denken, Handlungsplanung und -steuerung sowie Sprache. Zusätzlich gibt es eine Sektion, in der übergreifende Konzepte wie Bewusstsein, Intelligenz oder Zeit dargestellt werden. Ein weiterer Abschnitt des Handbuches erläutert spezifische Methoden der Kognitionsforschung wie z.B. mentale Chronometrie, lautes Denken oder Pupillometrie. Die Kenntnis dieses Stoffes ist nicht nur für Studierende nützlich, sondern hilft in dieser kompakten Form auch Experten, sich über den neuesten Stand in Nachbargebieten kurz und kompetent zu informieren.