Joachim Schild - Böcker

France and Germany have played a pivotal role in the history and politics of European integration. Yet, paradoxically, a study that systematically investigates the interrelated reality of Franco-German bilateralism and multilateral European integration has been conspicuously lacking. Formulating an approach the authors call "embedded bilateralism", this book offers exactly that. It scrutinizes in empirical and historical detail the bilateral Franco-German order and France and Germany's joint role in shaping Europe over the past half century. The book addresses two key questions regarding France and Germany in Europe from the Elysée Treaty to the twenty-first century: Why have France and Germany continued to hang together in an especially tight relationship for over five decades amidst frequently dramatic domestic change, lasting differences, and fundamental international transformation? And why has the joint Franco-German impact on shaping Europe's polity and European policies, while fundamental, proved so uneven across political domains and time? In answer to the first question, Shaping Europe argues that the actions and practices of the Franco-German order-its regularized bilateral intergovernmentalism, symbolic acts and practices, and parapublic underpinnings-together have rendered this bilateral connection historically resilient and politically adaptable. Regarding the second question, the book holds that different combinations of a limited number of factors located at the bilateral, domestic, regional European, and international levels explain central aspects of variation. Together, these factors condition and modulate France and Germany's joint impact on Europe. In pursuing its research questions, theoretical work, historical reconstructions, and empirical analyses, Shaping Europe fruitfully combines the study of European integration, EU politics and policymaking, Franco-German affairs, and French and German politics with general theorizing and conceptual grounding in international relations and political science.

France and Germany have played a pivotal role in the history and politics of European integration. Yet, paradoxically, a study that systematically investigates the interrelated reality of Franco-German bilateralism and multilateral European integration has been conspicuously lacking. Formulating an approach the authors call "embedded bilateralism", this book offers exactly that. It scrutinizes in empirical and historical detail the bilateral Franco-German order and France and Germany's joint role in shaping Europe over the past half century. The book addresses two key questions regarding France and Germany in Europe from the Elysée Treaty to the twenty-first century: Why have France and Germany continued to hang together in an especially tight relationship for over five decades amidst frequently dramatic domestic change, lasting differences, and fundamental international transformation? And why has the joint Franco-German impact on shaping Europe's polity and European policies, while fundamental, proved so uneven across political domains and time? In answer to the first question, Shaping Europe argues that the actions and practices of the Franco-German order-its regularized bilateral intergovernmentalism, symbolic acts and practices, and parapublic underpinnings-together have rendered this bilateral connection historically resilient and politically adaptable. Regarding the second question, the book holds that different combinations of a limited number of factors located at the bilateral, domestic, regional European, and international levels explain central aspects of variation. Together, these factors condition and modulate France and Germany's joint impact on Europe. In pursuing its research questions, theoretical work, historical reconstructions, and empirical analyses, Shaping Europe fruitfully combines the study of European integration, EU politics and policymaking, Franco-German affairs, and French and German politics with general theorizing and conceptual grounding in international relations and political science.

The Difficult Construction of European Banking Union examines the political, legal and economic issues surrounding the lacunae and design faults of European Banking Union and its problematic operation.The volume brings together the work of sixteen scholars focused on the diverse debates surrounding the construction and operation of Banking Union (BU), and its necessary reform. BU represents one of the most important developments in European integration since the launch of Monetary Union. Furthermore, the design of the BU agreed between 2012 and 2014 was a messy compromise among EU member states. It is not surprising then that BU has sparked a lively academic debate and triggered an ever-growing number of publications from different disciplinary backgrounds. The first wave of academic work on BU focuses upon the economic rationale underpinning the supranationalisation of control over banking — regulation, supervision, support and resolution — and the political dynamics and legal issues that shaped the design of the Union agreed. This volume is located at the intersection of this first phase of academic research and a second stage which analyses the functioning of the different elements of BU. New research questions are triggered by the albeit limited empirical evidence on BU’s implementation and operation. Contributions to this second wave of research attempt to identify potentially dangerous lacunae and contribute to on-going reform debates. The Difficult Construction of European Banking Union will be of great interest to scholars of the European Union, Banking, Economic Governance, and Political Economy. Most of the chapters were originally published as three special issues in the Journal of Economic Policy Reform.

This book examines EU and US bilateral trade and investment relations with China, their attempts to level the economic playing field and to narrow the ‘reciprocity gap’ in market openness.It explores the extent of EU and US policy change, the underlying factors accounting for this change and compares EU and US foreign economic policy answers to an adversary increasingly perceived as an unfair economic competitor and as a systemic rival. The book covers a broad range of policy areas from ‘trade wars’, trade defense instruments, their reform and use, investment screening, and export control to industrial policies. It makes eclectic use of different strands of International Relations, International Political Economy and Policy Analysis theorizing to account for the extent of, and differences in, the EU and US responses.The People’s Republic of China’s stellar economic and political rise combined with the resilience of its unfair trade practices, its reinforced authoritarian repression at home and its ever more assertive foreign (economic) policy has triggered a shift in perceptions of China, followed by equally profound policy change in the European Union and the US. This book expertly charts and explains this significant shift in stance.This book will be of key interest to scholars, students and practitioners in the fields of EU trade policymaking, US foreign/ foreign economic policy, EU-China-US economic relations, European political economy, and more broadly to European studies, Asian studies, International Relations, International Political Economy, and transatlantic relations.

This book examines EU and US bilateral trade and investment relations with China, their attempts to level the economic playing field and to narrow the ‘reciprocity gap’ in market openness.It explores the extent of EU and US policy change, the underlying factors accounting for this change and compares EU and US foreign economic policy answers to an adversary increasingly perceived as an unfair economic competitor and as a systemic rival. The book covers a broad range of policy areas from ‘trade wars’, trade defense instruments, their reform and use, investment screening, and export control to industrial policies. It makes eclectic use of different strands of International Relations, International Political Economy and Policy Analysis theorizing to account for the extent of, and differences in, the EU and US responses.The People’s Republic of China’s stellar economic and political rise combined with the resilience of its unfair trade practices, its reinforced authoritarian repression at home and its ever more assertive foreign (economic) policy has triggered a shift in perceptions of China, followed by equally profound policy change in the European Union and the US. This book expertly charts and explains this significant shift in stance.This book will be of key interest to scholars, students and practitioners in the fields of EU trade policymaking, US foreign/ foreign economic policy, EU-China-US economic relations, European political economy, and more broadly to European studies, Asian studies, International Relations, International Political Economy, and transatlantic relations.

The Difficult Construction of European Banking Union examines the political, legal and economic issues surrounding the lacunae and design faults of European Banking Union and its problematic operation.The volume brings together the work of sixteen scholars focused on the diverse debates surrounding the construction and operation of Banking Union (BU), and its necessary reform. BU represents one of the most important developments in European integration since the launch of Monetary Union. Furthermore, the design of the BU agreed between 2012 and 2014 was a messy compromise among EU member states. It is not surprising then that BU has sparked a lively academic debate and triggered an ever-growing number of publications from different disciplinary backgrounds. The first wave of academic work on BU focuses upon the economic rationale underpinning the supranationalisation of control over banking — regulation, supervision, support and resolution — and the political dynamics and legal issues that shaped the design of the Union agreed. This volume is located at the intersection of this first phase of academic research and a second stage which analyses the functioning of the different elements of BU. New research questions are triggered by the albeit limited empirical evidence on BU’s implementation and operation. Contributions to this second wave of research attempt to identify potentially dangerous lacunae and contribute to on-going reform debates. The Difficult Construction of European Banking Union will be of great interest to scholars of the European Union, Banking, Economic Governance, and Political Economy. Most of the chapters were originally published as three special issues in the Journal of Economic Policy Reform.

Der zwölfte Band des Frankreich-Jahrbuches, den wir hier vorlegen, bildet die Fortsetzung einer Initiative des "Arbeitskreises sozialwissenschaftliche deutsche Frankreichforschung" beim Deutsch-Französischen Institut. Das Jahrbuch versteht sich als Beitrag der Wissenschaft zu besserer Frankreichkenntnis für eine größere Öffentlichkeit. Es ist also nicht als Sam­ melband für Spezialstudien angelegt. Diese sollen weiterhin dort erscheinen, wo sie hingehören: in den Zeitschriften der einzelnen Fachdisziplinen. Das Frankreich-Jahrbuch geht weiter. Es versucht, Zusammenhänge zu erschlie­ ßen und sie so darzustellen, daß sie für alle diejenigen aufschlußreich sind, die sich in Politik, Wirtschaft, Kultur und Bildung mit französischen Fragen befassen oder sich ganz allgemein für unseren wichtigsten Nachbarn interes­ sieren. Mit anderen Worten: Es will jenes Hintergrundwissen vermitteln, das zum Verständnis der Berichterstattung in den Medien, aber auch zur Erar­ beitung eigener Stellungnahmen erforderlich ist. Daher wird das Jahrbuch kontroverse Meinungen, wie sie selbstverständlich auch unter Frankreich­ Forschern bestehen, dokumentieren. Die Erschließung von Zusammenhängen ist nur unter zwei Vorausset­ zungen möglich. Zum einen erfordert sie einen multidisziplinären Ansatz. Wir verstehen Frankreich-Forschung nicht sozialwissenschaftlich im engeren Sinn. Ohne Beiträge zur Geschichte, Philosophie, Literatur, Kunst und All­ tagskultur ist die Entwicklung der französischen Gesellschaft nicht zu verste­ hen. Zum anderen wird es darum gehen, Frankreich nicht als freischwebende Monade (etwa aus der Sicht der sogenannten "Landeskunde"), sondern als integralen Bestandteil Westeuropas zu begreifen. Das bedeutet, neben den Eigenarten der französischenProblematik auch die Tendenzen zu untersu­ chen, die allgemeinerer Natur sind: Dies wirft Licht auf Strukturen, die der Alte Kontinent als Grundlage einer gemeinsamen Zukunft herauszubilden beginnt.

Gi/bert Ziebura Im akademischen Leben kommt es nicht häufig vor, dass ein "Doktorvater", nachdem er vor fast vierzig Jahren das Vorwort zur Dissertation seines Schülers geschrieben hat, nun auch die Festschrift einleitet, die diesem aus Anlass der Emeritierung gewidmet ist. Anfang und Ende einer aktiven Karriere schließen sich. Dieser Kreislauf ist um so bemerkenswerter, als Adolf Kimmel sich sehr schnell aus dem Kielwasser seines Lehrers befreite, um eigene wissenschaftliche Fragestellungen zu verfolgen. Das war gut so, denn die sich damit manifestie­ rende Unabhängigkeit des Urteils hat sein Werk geprägt. Den einmal gewählten Weg ging er mit großer Hartnäckigkeit, unbeeindruckt von theoretischen Moden. Diese Treue zu sich selbst ist der Nährboden, der seiner wissenschaftlichen Ar­ beit eine große innere Einheit und Geradlinigkeit verleiht. In einem Punkt aller­ dings folgte er dem Lehrer: der Faszination fUr Frankreich, das Land, das bis heute im Mittelpunkt seines Interesses steht und zu dessen Verständnis in Deutschland er einen unübersehbaren Beitrag geleistet hat. In diesem Bemühen treffen sich Lehrer und Schüler immer wieder, von welcher Warte aus sie sich ihrem Gegenstand auch nähern. Gefolgt von anderen stellte Kimmel die Frank­ reichforschung in der Bundesrepublik auf jene breite methodische Grundlage, die ihr Gewicht und Ansehen gegeben hat.

3.2 Sozialer Strukturwandel seit 1944 220 3.2.1 Die Modernisierung der Gesellschaft: Die wichtigsten Charakteristika 222 3.2.2 Die Veränderung der beruflich-sozialen Struktur 226 3.2.3 Frankreichs Urbanisierungsprozess 228 3.3 Beschäftigung und Arbeitslosigkeit 233 3.3.1 Entwicklung der Erwerbstätigkeit 233 3.3.2 Strukturwandel des Arbeitsmarktes 236 3.3.3 Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Beschäftigungspolitik 238 3.4 Gewerkschaften und Arbeitgeberverbände 244 3.4.1 Die französische Gewerkschaftsbewegung: Tradition und Selbstverständnis 244 3.4.2 Pluralismus und Wettbewerb: die wichtigsten Gewerkschaftsverbände 248 3.4.3 Das Selbstverständnis der französischen Arbeitgeberschaft 253 3.4.4 Organisationen und Merkmale der unternehmerischen Interessenvertretung 254 3.5 Arbeitsbeziehungen 256 3.5.1 Arbeitskonflikte und Tarifbeziehungen 256 3.5.2 Arbeitsbeziehungen im Betrieb 258 3.5.3 Die Ebenen der Sozialverhandlungen 261 3.5.4 Modernisierung der Arbeitsbeziehungen 263 3.6 Einkommensverteilung und soziale Ungleichheit 268 3.6.1 Die Entwicklung der Einkommensverteilung 269 3.6.2 Neue Dimensionen der Ungleichheit 271 3.6.3 Ursachen der Ungleichheit 273 3.6.4 Grenzen der Umverteilung: das Steuer- und Abgabensystem 275 3.7 Sozialstaat im Wandel 277 3.7.1 Entwicklung und Strukturen des Sozialstaats: die Sécurité sociale 277 3.7.2 Anpassungsprobleme des Sozialstaates 282 3.7.3 Umbau des Sozialstaats: ein französischer Weg? 285 Literaturverzeichnis 289 Personenregister 309 Sachregister 311 9 Verzeichnis der Abkürzungen