Linda Darling-Hammond – författare

When newly-liberated African American slaves attempted to enter the marketplace and exercise their rights as citizens of the United States in 1865, few, if any, Americans expected that, a century and a half later, the class divide between black and white Americans would be as wide as it is today. The United States has faced several potential key turning points in the status of African Americans over the course of its history, yet at each of these points the prevailing understanding of African Americans and their place in the economic and political fabric of the country was at best contested and resolved on the side of second-class citizenship. The Oxford Handbook of African American Citizenship, 1865-Present seeks to answer the question of what the United States would look like today if, at the end of the Civil War, freed slaves had been granted full political, social and economic rights. It does so by tracing the historical evolution of African American experiences, from the dawn of Reconstruction onward, through the perspectives of sociology, political science, law, economics, education and psychology. As a whole, the book is the first systematic study of the gap between promise and performance of African Americans since 1865. Over the course of thirty-four chapters, written by some of the most eminent scholars of African American studies and across every major social discipline, this Handbook presents a full and powerful portrait of the particular hurdles faced by African Americans and the distinctive contributions African Americans have made to the development of U.S. institutions and culture. As such, it tracks where African Americans have been in order to better illuminate the path ahead.

A License to Teach speaks directly to the quality-of-education debate now focused on public schools. The authors show that reform of teacher education and licensing are needed to ensure that teachers are prepared for the classroom. A well-conceived licensing system that supports high-quality teacher preparation would ultimately support the more demanding learning goals now expected of students and would give parents and policymakers greater confidence that teachers are being prepared to practice their profession responsibly. The authors propose a comprehensive plan for licensing analogous to those in other professions. An extensive analysis of licensing examination and preparation grounds specific proposals for new assessments for teachers based on complex, real-life teaching tasks. The book also describes the kind of rigorous preparation program teachers should experience along with a well-designed and supervised internship in specially-designated professional development schools. This book offers much-needed, practical advice on how to prepare and evaluate teachers for the challenging work they must accomplish. Agreement on standards for teacher preparation and licensing—among teachers, policymakers, and lay people—would go a long way toward improving the quality of education for children while also strengthening and improving the teaching profession itself.

A License to Teach speaks directly to the quality-of-education debate now focused on public schools. It shows that reforms of teacher education and licensing are needed to ensure that teachers are prepared for the classroom.

Teachers are the most important single element of the education system but what does it take to create high quality teachers in today’s world?Around the world, countries are struggling to understand how to change their schools to meet global demands. International comparisons have shown that schools in Finland lead the league tables, but why is this, what new policies and practices in teacher education have they developed and how do they support the changes? A number of European and Asian countries also top the list when it comes to providing high quality teacher education, but there is little information about what and how they are doing the work and how they have made changes. The leading international contributors to this book describe the systemic policies and practices of teacher education in eight high-achieving countries and how they are dealing with teacher quality, equity, and the changing global society. Among the countries that are doing well – Finland, Singapore, the Netherlands, the UK, Hong Kong, Canada, Australia and the USA – there is an interesting diversity of policies and practices that support their changes in education, including: emphasis on the preparation, induction, support and assessment of new teachers focus on teacher retention, teachers’ professional knowledge and continuing professional developmentcurriculum change and critical policies.In addition the chapters highlight the local cultural imperatives that influence and shape the preparation of quality teachers and make change both possible and problematic. Teacher Education Around the World examines what can be learned from the different countries, what policies and practices seem transferable; and which seem embedded in the particulars of the culture of the country. It describe themes that cut across all the countries, documenting not only what they are, but how the countries go about supporting and sustaining changes in teacher education. This book will prove itself an absolute essential for all those involved in teacher education, teaching and educational policy.

Teachers are the most important single element of the education system but what does it take to create high quality teachers in today’s world?Around the world, countries are struggling to understand how to change their schools to meet global demands. International comparisons have shown that schools in Finland lead the league tables, but why is this, what new policies and practices in teacher education have they developed and how do they support the changes? A number of European and Asian countries also top the list when it comes to providing high quality teacher education, but there is little information about what and how they are doing the work and how they have made changes. The leading international contributors to this book describe the systemic policies and practices of teacher education in eight high-achieving countries and how they are dealing with teacher quality, equity, and the changing global society. Among the countries that are doing well – Finland, Singapore, the Netherlands, the UK, Hong Kong, Canada, Australia and the USA – there is an interesting diversity of policies and practices that support their changes in education, including: emphasis on the preparation, induction, support and assessment of new teachers focus on teacher retention, teachers’ professional knowledge and continuing professional developmentcurriculum change and critical policies.In addition the chapters highlight the local cultural imperatives that influence and shape the preparation of quality teachers and make change both possible and problematic. Teacher Education Around the World examines what can be learned from the different countries, what policies and practices seem transferable; and which seem embedded in the particulars of the culture of the country. It describe themes that cut across all the countries, documenting not only what they are, but how the countries go about supporting and sustaining changes in teacher education. This book will prove itself an absolute essential for all those involved in teacher education, teaching and educational policy.

In Powerful Learning, Linda Darling-Hammond and an impressive list of co-authors offer a clear, comprehensive, and engaging exploration of the most effective classroom practices. They review, in practical terms, teaching strategies that generate meaningful K–2 student understanding, and occur both within the classroom walls and beyond. The book includes rich stories, as well as online videos of innovative classrooms and schools, that show how students who are taught well are able to think critically, employ flexible problem-solving, and apply learned skills and knowledge to new situations.

Preparing Principals for a Changing World provides a hands-on resource for creating and implementing effective policies and programs for developing expert school leaders. Written by acclaimed author and educator Linda Darling-Hammond and experts Debra Meyerson, Michelle LaPointe, and Margaret Terry Orr, this important book examines the characteristics of successful educational leadership programs and offers concrete recommendations to improve programs nationwide. In a study funded by the Wallace Foundation, Darling-Hammond and the team examined eight exemplary principal development programs, as well as state policies and principals' experiences across the country. Using the data from the study, they reveal how successful programs are structured, the skills and knowledge participants gain, and what they are able to do in practice as school leaders as a result.What do these exemplary programs have in common? Aggressive recruitment; close ties with schools in the community; on-the-ground training under the wing of expert principals, and a strong emphasis on the cutting-edge theories of instructional and transformational leadership.In addition to highlighting the programs' similarities, the study also explains the differences among the programs and sheds light on the effectiveness of approaches and models from different states and contexts?East, West, North, and South; urban and rural; pre-service and in-service. The authors analyze program outcomes for principals and their schools, including illustrative case studies and educators' voices on the influence of programs' strategies for recruitment, internships, mentoring, and coursework.The ideas and suggestions outlined in Preparing Principals for a Changing World are presented with the goal of increasing the number of highly qualified, thoughtful, and innovative educational leaders.

"No education topic is more important than how to raise the qualityof teaching in America's schools. This book eloquently makes thecase for reshaping teacher preparation and professional developmentto enhance student learning."--Bob Chase, president, National Education Association Leading educational thinkers and researchers deliver an in-depthoverview of the issues and challenges facing the teachingprofession today. This book is the first in over a decade tosynthesize the most important research in the fields of teachingand teacher education. This research is also the basis forrecommAndations found in What Matters Most, a landmarkreport from the National Commission on Teaching and America'sFuture. The authors explore promising approaches to both policy andpractice in teacher learning. They also provide the substancebehind policy recommAndations, examining the implications of schoolreforms for teaching, current knowledge about teacher preparation,and the kinds of learning opportunities teachers will need. Teaching as the Learning Profession includes case studiesof innovative approaches to school improvement, principles forbetter staff development, proposals for the reform of unions, andpractical as well as conceptual advice on recruitment, licensing,redefining the teaching career, enhancing diversity, developingleadership, and expanding such innovations as networks and othersustained forms of teacher-to-teacher learning.

Winner of AERA Outstanding Book Award in 1998 "While she recognizes the necessity for school reform and the complexity of implementing it, Darling-Hammond remains optimistic that systemic changes to ensure access to a meaningful education for all children are possible. Her book is positive and hopeful and serves as a fascinating account of American education and its promise of 'the right to learn' for all children."—Washington Post"Darling-Hammond's central claim is well worth listening to. She argues that American students do so poorly by comparison with students in other industrialized countries not because we don't give them enough work, but because our teaching is less thoughtful, and because we are obsessed with bureaucratic processes rather than educational outcomes."—New York Times Book ReviewOne of the nation's most respected educators provides a vision of exceptional, learner-centered schools and describes the policies and practices that are needed to create these schools on a system-wide basis.

Powerful Teacher Education describes the strategies, goals, content, and processes of seven highly successful and long-standing teacher education programs - Alverno College, Bank Street College, Trinity University, University of California, Berkeley, University of Southern Maine, University of Virginia, and Wheelock College. All these colleges and universities have succeeded in preparing teachers to teach diverse learners to achieve high levels of performance and understanding. In discussing the common features of these programs, Linda Darling-Hammond shows what outstanding teacher education models do and how they do it, and what their graduates accomplish as a result. Powerful Teacher Education also examines the policies, organizational features, resources, and relationships that have enabled these programs to succeed.

What kind of experiences do children need in order to grow and learn? What kind of knowledge do teachers need in order to facilitate these experiences for children? And what kind of experiences do teachers need to develop this knowledge? A Good Teacher in Every Classroom addresses these questions by examining the core concepts and central pedagogies that should be at the heart of any teacher education program—and recommends the policy changes needed to ensure that all teachers gain access to this knowledge. This book is the result of a blue-ribbon commission sponsored by the National Academy of Education.

Based on rapid advances in what is known about how people learn and how to teach effectively, this important book examines the core concepts and central pedagogies that should be at the heart of any teacher education program. Stemming from the results of a commission sponsored by the National Academy of Education, Preparing Teachers for a Changing World recommends the creation of an informed teacher education curriculum with the common elements that represent state-of-the-art standards for the profession. Written for teacher educators in both traditional and alternative programs, university and school system leaders, teachers, staff development professionals, researchers, and educational policymakers, the book addresses the key foundational knowledge for teaching and discusses how to implement that knowledge within the classroom. Preparing Teachers for a Changing World recommends that, in addition to strong subject matter knowledge, all new teachers have a basic understanding of how people learn and develop, as well as how children acquire and use language, which is the currency of education. In addition, the book suggests that teaching professionals must be able to apply that knowledge in developing curriculum that attends to students' needs, the demands of the content, and the social purposes of education: in teaching specific subject matter to diverse students, in managing the classroom, assessing student performance, and using technology in the classroom.

Now available in paper, this version is the first comprehensive look at the process of selecting, assessing and assisting teachers in nearly a decade. Since the publication of the first Handbook, the profession of teaching has witnessed dramatic change including a greater awareness of teacher accountability, an increase in teacher testing and the development of teaching incentives. At the same time the political, social and organizational factors affecting the performance and evaluation of teachers have been subjects of intensive scrutiny. Reflecting these changes, the new Handbook contains 25 new chapters, and explores current practices, issues and controversies related to the evaluation of teachers at elementary and secondary levels.

In this skillfully crafted and engaging book, a group of student teachers - led by Linda Darling-Hammond - share their candid questions, concerns, dilemmas, and lessons learned about how to teach for social justice and social change. This text provides powerful examples of how Darling-Hammond and her students thoughtfully integrated diversity within a teacher education program - an excellent model for educators who are seeking ways to transform their teacher education programs to better prepare teachers to work effectively in multicultural classrooms. The honest reflections, case studies, lessons, and projects described offer valuable tools to help teachers: - Engage in productive dialogues about both the inequities and the possibilities for social reconstruction within the communities where they will be teaching. - Apply the concepts they are learning in a university classroom to teaching for social justice in their own classrooms. - Find ways to use their insights about diversity to intervene on behalf of victimized and marginalized students.

Explains the function, structure, and philosophy of the professional development school. The text includes case studies, taken from urban and suburban settings, that illustrate the accomplishments of these schools as well as the challenges they face as they strive to create a new and viable vision for the improvement of the American educational system.

Winner of the 2012 Grawemeyer Award in EducationAs America enters the 21st century, U.S. students continue to slip behind in the world's rankings in science and math. Yet, at the same time, state prison budgets are increasing nearly three times as fast as budgets for education. In her new book, Linda Darling-Hammond, a chief education advisor to President Barack Obama, a bestselling author, and a nationally recognized leader in education reform, explores how America's performance globally is linked to the minority-majority achievement gap at home.

Winner of the 2012 Grawemeyer Award in EducationAs America enters the 21st century, U.S. students continue to slip behind in the world's rankings in science and math. Yet, at the same time, state prison budgets are increasing nearly three times as fast as budgets for education. Linda Darling-Hammond, a chief education advisor to President Barack Obama, bestselling author, and nationally recognized leader in education reform, explores these and many other troubling realities in ""The Flat World and Education: How America's Commitment to Equity Will Determine Our Future"". This sobering account of the current crisis of public education in America focuses on equity as a critical measure of the situation. The author identifies the basic lack of access to opportunities at all levels of public education for low-income and minority students and cogently argues that improving America's performance in the global economy is tied to closing the minority - majority achievement gap at home. ""The Flat World and Education"" offers an eye-opening wake-up call concerning America's future and reminds us that every one benefits when all students have an equal opportunity to achieve. It also lays out how the United States can provide that opportunity for every child in every community.

Teacher evaluation systems are being overhauled by states and districts across the United States. And, while intentions are admirable, the result for many new systems is that good-often excellent-teachers are lost in the process. In the end, students are the losers. In her new book, Linda Darling-Hammond makes a compelling case for a research-based approach to teacher evaluation that supports collaborative models of teacher planning and learning. She outlines the most current research informing evaluation of teaching practice that incorporates evidence of what teachers do and what their students learn. In addition, she examines the harmful consequences of using any single student test as a basis for evaluating individual teachers. Finally, Darling-Hammond offers a vision of teacher evaluation as part of a teaching and learning system that supports continuous improvement, both for individual teachers and for the profession as a whole.

Teacher evaluation systems are being overhauled by states and districts across the United States. And, while intentions are admirable, the result for many new systems is that good-often excellent-teachers are lost in the process. In the end, students are the losers. In her new book, Linda Darling-Hammond makes a compelling case for a research-based approach to teacher evaluation that supports collaborative models of teacher planning and learning. She outlines the most current research informing evaluation of teaching practice that incorporates evidence of what teachers do and what their students learn. In addition, she examines the harmful consequences of using any single student test as a basis for evaluating individual teachers. Finally, Darling-Hammond offers a vision of teacher evaluation as part of a teaching and learning system that supports continuous improvement, both for individual teachers and for the profession as a whole.

This book will help school systems improve their teacher workforce by drawing important lessons from nations with high-performing educational systems, as well as from successful state experiments in the United States. The authors examine common features and differences in the approaches of high-performing systems that made education a top priority and developed high-leverage strategies to meet their goals. Their varied solutions offer valuable ideas for how to create a strong teacher and school administrator corps from recruitment and preparation through induction, professional development, evaluation, and career advancement into leadership roles. Chapters focusing on systems in Finland, Ontario, and Singapore are coauthored by local scholars with extensive knowledge of the history and current status of policy and practice in their nation. A final chapter highlights attributes that are absolutely necessary for any education system to flourish. The book will be useful to policymakers, practitioners, and researchers interested in strengthening the quality of teaching.

This book will help school systems improve their teacher workforce by drawing important lessons from nations with high-performing educational systems, as well as from successful state experiments in the United States. The authors examine common features and differences in the approaches of high-performing systems that made education a top priority and developed high-leverage strategies to meet their goals. Their varied solutions offer valuable ideas for how to create a strong teacher and school administrator corps from recruitment and preparation through induction, professional development, evaluation, and career advancement into leadership roles. Chapters focusing on systems in Finland, Ontario, and Singapore are coauthored by local scholars with extensive knowledge of the history and current status of policy and practice in their nation. A final chapter highlights attributes that are absolutely necessary for any education system to flourish. The book will be useful to policymakers, practitioners, and researchers interested in strengthening the quality of teaching.

Be the Change tells the remarkable story of an innovative public high school in East Palo Alto modeled after successful small schools in New York City. Guided by the expertise of renowned educator Linda Darling-Hammond, it offers authentic and engaging instruction that has allowed students who start off far behind to graduate and go on to college in record numbers.

This concise and compelling book outlines the key civil rights conditions that are essential to deeper learning—the skills and knowledge that students need to succeed in 21st-century jobs and life. It describes schools that enable young people, including those traditionally furthest from opportunity, to develop into caring and critical problem solvers, effective communicators, collaborators, and scholars. The book also describes the community and school inequities that have created persistent obstacles to these goals and the civil rights actions that have been and continue to be needed to remove them. These include policies and practices that ensure safe and healthy communities, equitable investments in public schools, supports for competent teachers, strategies for welcoming and nurturing school climates, and innovative curricula. The authors examine the civil-rights-based pathways that lead to these goals, highlighting examples of exemplary schools that offer the kind of deeper learning that engages and empowers students. This successor to Linda Darling-Hammond's Grawemeyer Award–winner, The Flat World and Education, is a big-picture view of what constitutes deeper learning—where it is found and what enables it—and what must be done to address the learning needs of all children.Book Features:Offers a concise treatment written in a voice that will be accessible to a wide range of readers.Pulls together three key strands of the learning needs of children (civil rights, educational opportunity, and deeper learning), the distinct inequalities in their delivery, past efforts, and legal and educational paths forward.Examines neighborhood and environmental inequities that can compromise learning, along with inadequate school funding and segregation. Looks at the professional teaching quality imbalance between rich and poor districts and the inferior curriculum offerings for marginalized populations.Includes numerous examples of schools that succeed at deeper learning and equity and explains how they do so.

This concise and compelling book outlines the key civil rights conditions that are essential to deeper learning—the skills and knowledge that students need to succeed in 21st-century jobs and life. It describes schools that enable young people, including those traditionally furthest from opportunity, to develop into caring and critical problem solvers, effective communicators, collaborators, and scholars. The book also describes the community and school inequities that have created persistent obstacles to these goals and the civil rights actions that have been and continue to be needed to remove them. These include policies and practices that ensure safe and healthy communities, equitable investments in public schools, supports for competent teachers, strategies for welcoming and nurturing school climates, and innovative curricula. The authors examine the civil-rights-based pathways that lead to these goals, highlighting examples of exemplary schools that offer the kind of deeper learning that engages and empowers students. This successor to Linda Darling-Hammond's Grawemeyer Award–winner, The Flat World and Education, is a big-picture view of what constitutes deeper learning—where it is found and what enables it—and what must be done to address the learning needs of all children.Book Features:Offers a concise treatment written in a voice that will be accessible to a wide range of readers.Pulls together three key strands of the learning needs of children (civil rights, educational opportunity, and deeper learning), the distinct inequalities in their delivery, past efforts, and legal and educational paths forward.Examines neighborhood and environmental inequities that can compromise learning, along with inadequate school funding and segregation. Looks at the professional teaching quality imbalance between rich and poor districts and the inferior curriculum offerings for marginalized populations.Includes numerous examples of schools that succeed at deeper learning and equity and explains how they do so.

Leading scholars take an honest look at the progress made since Brown v. Board of Education. Critical and forward-looking chapters document the shifts over time on key aspects of education, including school segregation, achievement trends in relation to policies and practices, the diversity of the teaching force, access to resources, the role of Black scholars and community activism, and the relationship between democracy and education. The volume offers wide-ranging historical analysis, as well as guidance for the road ahead—promising policies, practices, and directions to usher in a new era where we truly attend to the educational needs of all students. Chapters and Contributors:. Introduction: Expanding on the Blueprint: The Significance of Brown for Education Now by Na'ilah Suad Nasir and Naomi Mae W.2. Brown at 7 : Progress, Pushback, and Policies that Matter by Linda Darling-Hammond and Sean Darling-Hammond.3. The Dream of Integration and the Politics of Resegregation: The Continuing Battle Over the Legacy of Brown v. Board of Education by Gary Orfield.4. Where Do We Go From Here? Assessing the Limits and Possibilities of Education for Black People in the United States 7 Years After Brown by Joaquin M. S. Noguera and Pedro A. Noguera.5. Reclaiming the Promise of Brown: The Integration of Desegregation and School Funding Reform by Rucker C. Johnson and Ary Amerikaner.. But What About the Teachers? The Forgotten Narratives of Black Teachers in the Midst of Brown by Gloria Ladson-Billings.7. Facing the Rising Sun: Black Teachers' Positive Impact Post- Brown by Travis J. Bristol and Desiree Carver-Thomas.8. The Complex Braid of Brown: How Conceptualizations and Initiatives Within the African American Community of Research, Practice, and Activism Have Influenced the Advance of Knowledge and Practice in Education by Carol D. Lee.9. Brown v. Board of Education and the Democratic Purposes of Public Education by Kent McGuire.

Leading scholars take an honest look at the progress made since Brown v. Board of Education. Critical and forward-looking chapters document the shifts over time on key aspects of education, including school segregation, achievement trends in relation to policies and practices, the diversity of the teaching force, access to resources, the role of Black scholars and community activism, and the relationship between democracy and education. The volume offers wide-ranging historical analysis, as well as guidance for the road ahead—promising policies, practices, and directions to usher in a new era where we truly attend to the educational needs of all students. Chapters and Contributors:. Introduction: Expanding on the Blueprint: The Significance of Brown for Education Now by Na'ilah Suad Nasir and Naomi Mae W.2. Brown at 7 : Progress, Pushback, and Policies that Matter by Linda Darling-Hammond and Sean Darling-Hammond.3. The Dream of Integration and the Politics of Resegregation: The Continuing Battle Over the Legacy of Brown v. Board of Education by Gary Orfield.4. Where Do We Go From Here? Assessing the Limits and Possibilities of Education for Black People in the United States 7 Years After Brown by Joaquin M. S. Noguera and Pedro A. Noguera.5. Reclaiming the Promise of Brown: The Integration of Desegregation and School Funding Reform by Rucker C. Johnson and Ary Amerikaner.. But What About the Teachers? The Forgotten Narratives of Black Teachers in the Midst of Brown by Gloria Ladson-Billings.7. Facing the Rising Sun: Black Teachers' Positive Impact Post- Brown by Travis J. Bristol and Desiree Carver-Thomas.8. The Complex Braid of Brown: How Conceptualizations and Initiatives Within the African American Community of Research, Practice, and Activism Have Influenced the Advance of Knowledge and Practice in Education by Carol D. Lee.9. Brown v. Board of Education and the Democratic Purposes of Public Education by Kent McGuire.

Strong school leadership is critical for shaping engaging learning environments, supporting high-quality teachers and teaching, and influencing student outcomes. Developing Expert Principals offers a comprehensive research synthesis to understand the elements of high-quality programs and learning experiences that have been associated with positive outcomes ranging from principals’ preparedness and practices to staff retention and student achievement. This book also offers vivid examples of high-quality programs and examines the extent to which principals have opportunities to participate in effective learning experiences. It examines the policies that drive both the development of high-quality programs and access to them, highlighting successful examples across the country. With practical recommendations throughout, this book is a key resource for educational leaders, faculty and scholars of educational leadership, developers of leadership preparation and training, and policymakers who seek to create a learning system that will better serve principals, the staff they support, and, ultimately, all children. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 license.

Strong school leadership is critical for shaping engaging learning environments, supporting high-quality teachers and teaching, and influencing student outcomes. Developing Expert Principals offers a comprehensive research synthesis to understand the elements of high-quality programs and learning experiences that have been associated with positive outcomes ranging from principals’ preparedness and practices to staff retention and student achievement. This book also offers vivid examples of high-quality programs and examines the extent to which principals have opportunities to participate in effective learning experiences. It examines the policies that drive both the development of high-quality programs and access to them, highlighting successful examples across the country. With practical recommendations throughout, this book is a key resource for educational leaders, faculty and scholars of educational leadership, developers of leadership preparation and training, and policymakers who seek to create a learning system that will better serve principals, the staff they support, and, ultimately, all children. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 license.

Socioculturally Responsive Assessment assembles the best-available thinking from within and outside the educational measurement community about the theoretical foundations and systems-level policy implications of formal assessment programs designed to be socioculturally responsive. Synthesized from culturally responsive assessment design and practices, culturally relevant pedagogy and funds of knowledge, universal design for learning, the learning sciences, and other literatures, this emerging concept affirms that students’ learning and performance is inextricably tied to the social, cultural, and linguistic contexts in which they live and develop knowledge. Across four sections, this book provides an argument and initial evidence for impact on students, users, and assessment quality; offers guidance for implementation; and examines the potential limitations, pitfalls, barriers, and measurement issues that such programs will inevitably raise. Scholars, teaching faculty, test developers, and policymakers will come away with integral foundations, new assessment approaches, and a greater sense of the potential for positive impact that these assessments may afford.