Maria Fritsche – författare

Despite the massive influx of Hollywood movies and films from other European countries after World War II, Austrian film continued to be hugely popular with Austrian and German audiences. By examining the decisive role that popular cinema played in the turbulent post-war era, this book provides unique insights into the reconstruction of a disrupted society. Through detailed analysis of the stylistic patterns, narratives and major themes of four popular genres of the time, costume film, Heimatfilm, tourist film and comedy, the book explains how popular cinema helped to shape national identity, smoothed conflicted gender relations and relieved the Austrians from the burden of the Nazi past through celebrating the harmonious, charming, musical Austrian man.

The US government launched the European Recovery Programme, otherwise known as the ‘Marshall Plan’, in order to save war-torn Europe from collapse in 1948. Yet while much is known about the economic side of the Marshall Plan, the extensive film campaign that accompanied it has been largely overlooked until now.The American Marshall Plan Film Campaign and the Europeans is the first book to explore the use of the Marshall Plan films and, importantly, their distribution and reception across Europe. The study examines every available film – the 170 that remain from the 200 estimated to have been made – and looks at how they were designed to instil hope, argue the case for economic restructuring and persuade the Europeans of the superiority of the liberal-capitalist system. The book goes on to reason that the films served as a powerful weapon in the cultural Cold War, but that the European audiences were by no means passive victims of the US propaganda effort.Maria Fritsche discusses the Marshall Plan films in the context of countries across Western, Northern and Southern Europe, covering the majority of the 17 European countries that participated in the Plan in the process. The book incorporates 70 images and utilises a vast number of archival sources to explore the strategies the US adopted to sway the minds of the Europeans, the problems they encountered in the process and, not least, the varied responses of the European audiences.It is a vital study for any scholar or student keen to know more about postwar recovery in Europe, the legacy of the Second World War or America’s relationship with Europe in the 20th century.

The US government launched the European Recovery Programme, otherwise known as the ''Marshall Plan'', in order to save war-torn Europe from collapse in 1948. Yet while much is known about the economic side of the Marshall Plan, the extensive film campaign that accompanied it has been largely overlooked until now. The American Marshall Plan Film Campaign and the Europeans is the first book to explore the use of the Marshall Plan films and, importantly, their distribution and reception across Europe. The study examines every available film – the 170 that remain from the 200 estimated to have been made – and looks at how they were designed to instil hope, argue the case for economic restructuring and persuade the Europeans of the superiority of the liberal-capitalist system. The book goes on to reason that the films served as a powerful weapon in the cultural Cold War, but that the European audiences were by no means passive victims of the US propaganda effort. Maria Fritsche discusses the Marshall Plan films in the context of countries across Western, Northern and Southern Europe, covering the majority of the 17 European countries that participated in the Plan in the process. The book incorporates 70 images and utilises a vast number of archival sources to explore the strategies the US adopted to sway the minds of the Europeans, the problems they encountered in the process and, not least, the varied responses of the European audiences. It is a vital study for any scholar or student keen to know more about postwar recovery in Europe, the legacy of the Second World War or America''s relationship with Europe in the 20th century.

The US government launched the European Recovery Programme, otherwise known as the ''Marshall Plan'', in order to save war-torn Europe from collapse in 1948. Yet while much is known about the economic side of the Marshall Plan, the extensive film campaign that accompanied it has been largely overlooked until now. The American Marshall Plan Film Campaign and the Europeans is the first book to explore the use of the Marshall Plan films and, importantly, their distribution and reception across Europe. The study examines every available film – the 170 that remain from the 200 estimated to have been made – and looks at how they were designed to instil hope, argue the case for economic restructuring and persuade the Europeans of the superiority of the liberal-capitalist system. The book goes on to reason that the films served as a powerful weapon in the cultural Cold War, but that the European audiences were by no means passive victims of the US propaganda effort. Maria Fritsche discusses the Marshall Plan films in the context of countries across Western, Northern and Southern Europe, covering the majority of the 17 European countries that participated in the Plan in the process. The book incorporates 70 images and utilises a vast number of archival sources to explore the strategies the US adopted to sway the minds of the Europeans, the problems they encountered in the process and, not least, the varied responses of the European audiences. It is a vital study for any scholar or student keen to know more about postwar recovery in Europe, the legacy of the Second World War or America''s relationship with Europe in the 20th century.

The US government launched the European Recovery Programme, otherwise known as the ‘Marshall Plan’, in order to save war-torn Europe from collapse in 1948. Yet while much is known about the economic side of the Marshall Plan, the extensive film campaign that accompanied it has been largely overlooked until now.The American Marshall Plan Film Campaign and the Europeans is the first book to explore the use of the Marshall Plan films and, importantly, their distribution and reception across Europe. The study examines every available film – the 170 that remain from the 200 estimated to have been made – and looks at how they were designed to instil hope, argue the case for economic restructuring and persuade the Europeans of the superiority of the liberal-capitalist system. The book goes on to reason that the films served as a powerful weapon in the cultural Cold War, but that the European audiences were by no means passive victims of the US propaganda effort.Maria Fritsche discusses the Marshall Plan films in the context of countries across Western, Northern and Southern Europe, covering the majority of the 17 European countries that participated in the Plan in the process. The book incorporates 70 images and utilises a vast number of archival sources to explore the strategies the US adopted to sway the minds of the Europeans, the problems they encountered in the process and, not least, the varied responses of the European audiences.It is a vital study for any scholar or student keen to know more about postwar recovery in Europe, the legacy of the Second World War or America’s relationship with Europe in the 20th century.

Das Verhältnis von Öffentlichkeit und Privatsphäre ist in der Frauen- und Geschlechtergeschichte seit ihren Anfängen ein wichtiges Thema. Mit dem Slogan »Das Private ist politisch« trat die Neue Frauenbewegung an, nicht nur das Feld der Politik, sondern auch die Wissenschaftslandschaft zu verändern. In dieser Ausgabe wird neuerlich die Frage nach geschlechtspolitischen Ein- und Ausschließungsmechanismen mit Blick auf die historische Kategorie Raum gestellt. Die Beiträge reichen von der Raum- und Geschlechterordnung in der Renaissance und der höfischen Kultur der Frühen Neuzeit über queere Geschlechterperformanzen in der New Yorker Unterwelt des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts bis zu aktuellen Erinnerungskämpfen im öffentlichen Raum in der Osttürkei.Aus dem Inhalt: Die Verortung der Geschlechter in »Haus« und Gesellschaft in Leon Battista Albertis »Libri della famiglia« (1433/34) / Gender, Space und Agency in der Casa de Austria im 16. Jahrhundert / Voyeurismus und die Macht des Blicks in den Sexualwissenschaften und der New Yorker Unterwelt um 1900 / Gendered Dynamics of the Making of Tunceli and Commemorating Seyyid Rıza in Dersim / Im Gespräch mit Sigrid Ruby / Umkämpfte Räume. Konflikte zwischen Besatzern und Besetzten im Zweiten Weltkrieg.The relationship between the public and the private has been a central issue in women''s and gender history. By claiming that the "private is political", second wave feminists set out to change not just the political, but also the scholarly landscape. This themed issue revisits the debate, linking it (once again) to the discussion of space as a historical category. Its topics range from the spatial and gender order in the Renaissance and court culture of the early modern period to New York''s "underworld" in the early 20th century to the gendered public memory discourse in modern Eastern Turkey.

Schmerzen sind zwar eine historische Konstante, aber stark kulturell und zeitspezifisch geprägt. Geschlechterordnungen beeinflussen, was als schmerzhaft empfunden und wie Schmerz ausgedrückt, vermittelt und gedeutet wird. Die in diesem Heft versammelten Beiträge veranschaulichen anhand von Fallstudien die Verknüpfungen von Geschlecht und Schmerz. Die behandelten Themen reichen von selbst zugefügten Schmerzen in psychiatrischen Kontexten oder Selbstverletzungen in queer-feministischen künstlerischen Praktiken über Deutungen von Geburtsschmerzen durch männliche Mediziner bis hin zu den von griechischen Frauen praktizierten Trauerritualen und dem Versuch einer jüdischen Fotografin, das Trauma der Shoah künstlerisch zu fassen. Der Schwerpunkt der Aufsätze liegt auf dem Europa des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts.Aus dem Inhalt: Schmerzen unter der Geburt / Selbstbestrafungen im Fokus der Tiroler Psychiatrie im Vormärz / Dora Kallmus'' Post-War ''Slaughterhouse'' Photographs (1949–1958) / Selbstverletzung als Self-Empowerment in der Performance Art / Imaginationen von Frauenemanzipation zwischen Deutschland und den USA bei Hugo Münsterberg (1863–1916) / Female Expressions of Pain in the Lamentation Songs of Mani in Modern Greece / Looking at History through the Lens of the Body: Kathleen Canning im Gespräch mit Heidrun Zettelbauer / Anti-Genderismus und Pädophilie-Diskurs als politisch-kirchlicher Kampfplatz am Fallbeispiel UngarnPain, although a historical constant, is culturally and temporally specific. Cultural gender orders influence what is perceived as painful and how pain is expressed, communicated and interpreted. The articles collected in this special issue illustrate the interlinkage of gender and pain. The case studies address a number of topics, from deliberately self-inflicted pain in psychiatric contexts and as queer-feminist art practice to interpretations of birth pain by male physicians to female Greek mourning rituals and a Jewish photographer''s attempt to deal artistically with the trauma of the Holocaust. The focus is on Europe in the 19th and 20th century.

Dieses Themenheft befasst sich mit der Frage, wie Geschlecht vor Gericht hergestellt und verhandelt, aber auch strategisch eingesetzt wurde, um Ansprüche durchzusetzen oder sich gegen Vorwürfe zu verteidigen. Im Fokus steht dabei der Gerichtsraum, der als physischer und gleichzeitig als durch Interaktionen geformter sozialer Raum zu verstehen ist. Wie prägten die durch diesen Raum verkörperten gesellschaftlichen Normen und Machtasymmetrien die Darstellungen und Strategien jener Personen, die vor der Richterbank standen? Wie nutzten Angeklagte, Kläger*innen, Jurist*innen, Expert*innen oder Zeug*innen "Geschlecht", um ihre Anliegen vor Gericht durchzusetzen? Die Beiträge behandeln verschiedene europäische Regionen und spannen den zeitlichen Bogen von den 1980er Jahren bis zurück ins Spätmittelalter.Aus dem Inhalt: Gleichbehandlung von Männern vor dem Europäischen Gerichtshof / Aushandlungen (homo-)sexueller Identitäten im besetzten Norwegen (1940–1945) / Gender, Fraud and Labour Justice in Lyon''s Silk Industry (c. 1800) / Geschlecht in der Rechtspraxis von Tolentino und San Severino (15. Jhdt.) / Sexuelle Gewalt in autobiografischen Aufzeichnungen des Ersten Weltkrieges / Anti-Gender Offensive and the Right to Abortion in Poland / Aiding, Abetting, and America''s Bitter Abortion Pill / Maria Fritsche und Ulrike Krampl im Gespräch mit Elisabeth Holzleithner / Das Gosteli-Archiv zur Geschichte schweizerischer Frauenbewegungen / Kollaborationsprozesse und Geschlechterordnung nach dem Zweiten WeltkriegThis issue explores the nuanced dynamics of gender in the courtroom, where gender is constructed and negotiated, as well as used strategically by individuals to advance claims or counter accusations. The focus is on the courtroom, understood as a physical but also as a social space constructed through interactions. The articles examine how social norms and power asymmetries inscribed into the courtroom shaped the representations and strategies of those standing before the judge. What role does gender play in this space? How do defendants, plaintiffs, lawyers, experts or witnesses use "gender" to make their case?