Pankaj Kumar – författare

Tribology of Additively Manufactured Materials: Fundamentals, Modeling, and Applications starts with a look at the history, methods and mechanics of additive manufacturing (AM), focusing on power bed fusion-based and direct energy deposition-based additive manufacturing. Following sections of the book provide a foundational background in the fundamentals of tribology, covering the basics of surface engineering, friction and wear, corrosion and tribocorrosion, and the tribological considerations of a variety of AM materials, such as friction and wear in non-metallic and metallic AM materials, degradation in non-metallic AM components, and corrosion and tribocorrosion in AM components.

The book then concludes with a section covering modeling and simulation scenarios and challenges related to the tribology of AM materials, providing readers with the processing conditions needed to extend and strengthen the lifetime and durability of AM materials and components.

Provides theoretical, experimental and computational data for a better understanding of the complex tribological behaviors in additively manufactured components Discusses applications of additively manufactured components, considering their tribological properties Studies how unique surface roughness and texture develop in additively manufactured components and how these unique characteristics affect their tribological function Outlines variables, additive manufacturing methods and performance of additively manufactured components Equips readers with a better understanding of degradation effects due to tribology and corrosion

Environmental Resilience and Transformation in Times of COVID-19: Climate Change Effects on Environmental Functionality is a timely reference to better understand environmental changes amid the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated lockdowns. The book is organized into five themes: (1) environmental modifications, degradation, and human health risks; (2) water resources-planning, management, and governance; (3) air quality-monitoring, fate, transport, and drivers of socioenvironmental change; (4) marine and lacustrine environment; and (5) sustainable development goals and environmental justice. These themes provide an insight into the impact of COVID-19 on the environment and vice versa, which will help improve environmental management and planning, as well as influence future policies.

Featuring many case studies from around the globe, this book offers a crucial examination of the intersectionality between climate, sustainability, the environment, and public health for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in environmental science.

Features global case studies to illustrate themes and address issues to support environmental management Offers fundamental and practical understanding of ways to improve and validate predictive abilities and tools in addition to response Examines climate-related trends in the spread of the pandemic Presents different ways forward in order to achieve global goals with a specific focus on SDGs

Rhizosphere Engineering is a guide to applying environmentally sound agronomic practices to improve crop yield while also protecting soil resources. Focusing on the potential and positive impacts of appropriate practices, the book includes the use of beneficial microbes, nanotechnology and metagenomics. Developing and applying techniques that not only enhance yield, but also restore the quality of soil and water using beneficial microbes such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi and others are covered, along with new information on utilizing nanotechnology, quorum sensing and other technologies to further advance the science.

Designed to fill the gap between research and application, this book is written for advanced students, researchers and those seeking real-world insights for improving agricultural production.

Explores the potential benefits of optimized rhizosphere Includes metagenomics and their emerging importance Presents insights into the use of biosurfactants

Crop Improvement: Biotechnological Advances – Biomedical ScienceThe field of biotechnology is advancing at a fast pace. The availability of low-cost DNA/genome sequencing technologies has led to the discovery and functional characterization of myriad of genes imparting stress tolerance and quality traits. The ‘omics’ group of technologies including genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics has revolutionized the agricultural biotechnology sector. The Nobel Prize-winning technology, such as the genome editing technique, is being employed to edit various gene functions in plants aiding in crop improvement. This technology may be adopted very quickly by consumers compared with the transgenic technique because the genome-edited plants have no adverse effects on the genome of the plant itself and on the environment and related species/non-target organisms. In this book, authors have attempted to compile the latest techniques of agricultural biotechnology and their applications in crop improvement. Certain chapters have been dedicated to describe the use of nanotechnology, a fast emerging new technique in the agriculture sector.Features Development, potential and safety issues in biotechnology Advances in genomics, proteomics and transcriptomics in agriculture Protein bioinformatics and its applications Genetically modified (GM) technology and its implications Genome editing in crop improvement Marker-assisted selection (MAS) in crop improvement Mutation breeding Cryobiotechnology Nanotechnology and biosensorsThis book includes real-world examples and applications making it accessible to a broader interdisciplinary readership. We hope that it will serve as a reference book for researchers engaged in molecular biology and biotechnology and will act as a ready reckoner for postgraduate (PG) students in the biotechnology discipline.

Macrophomina Phaseolina: Ecobiology, Pathology and Management provides insights into the sustainable prevention and treatment of this wide-spread challenge to plant health. With a focus on agricultural as well as non-food plant challenges, the book highlights diverse approaches and provides central insights. The pathogen?of M. phaseolina affects the fibrovascular system of roots and basal internodes of its host, impeding the transport of water and nutrients to the upper parts of the plant, thus resulting in progressive wilting, premature drying and dying, loss of vigor, and reduced yield.

Finally, the book explores the interaction of M. phaseolina with soil, microbes and ecological conditions to control disease-causing strategies. Recognizing the necessity that strategies applied to manage the disease should have no or minimum effect on ecological resources, the book focuses on alternative sustainable management technologies such as mix-cropping, the use of antagonistic bacteria and fungi and microbial biosurfactants, plant growth promoting antagonistic rhizobacteria and how cultural practices may also play an important role.

Identifies plant diseases caused by Macrophomina phaseolina Explores M. phaseolina genetic diversity Highlights pesticide tolerance and alternative control options

This book introduces the emerging areas of laser-based manufacturing such as additive manufacturing (AM) of metal matrix composites (MMCs), joining of hard-to-weld superalloys, damage-free machining of fiber-reinforced composites, surface properties enhancement using cladding techniques, and modeling and simulation of laser beam manufacturing techniques. Laser Applications in Manufacturing provides a quick guide for researchers and academicians to recent advancements in the development of powder-based MMCs manufactured using AM technology.This book:shows recent developments in functionally graded sheets or laminates and fabrication of fiber-reinforced composite using sheet lamination printinglists recent developments in the joining of dissimilar materials in diverse applications such as hybrid structures and lightweight components for increased performance and functionalityincludes many recent developments in machining carbon fiber, glass fiber, and natural fiber composite laminates for investigations of delamination and surface quality characteristicsshowcases different aspects of surface alloying of miniature components, hard and soft composite coating for various applicationsLaser Applications in Manufacturing is recommended for researchers working on fabrication of numerous new and novel materials. The book serves as a resource for scientists and engineers working in laser-based manufacturing techniques who want to learn about the most up-to-date research.

This book introduces the emerging areas of laser-based manufacturing such as additive manufacturing (AM) of metal matrix composites (MMCs), joining of hard-to-weld superalloys, damage-free machining of fiber-reinforced composites, surface properties enhancement using cladding techniques, and modeling and simulation of laser beam manufacturing techniques. Laser Applications in Manufacturing provides a quick guide for researchers and academicians to recent advancements in the development of powder-based MMCs manufactured using AM technology.This book:shows recent developments in functionally graded sheets or laminates and fabrication of fiber-reinforced composite using sheet lamination printinglists recent developments in the joining of dissimilar materials in diverse applications such as hybrid structures and lightweight components for increased performance and functionalityincludes many recent developments in machining carbon fiber, glass fiber, and natural fiber composite laminates for investigations of delamination and surface quality characteristicsshowcases different aspects of surface alloying of miniature components, hard and soft composite coating for various applicationsLaser Applications in Manufacturing is recommended for researchers working on fabrication of numerous new and novel materials. The book serves as a resource for scientists and engineers working in laser-based manufacturing techniques who want to learn about the most up-to-date research.

The field of horticultural biotechnology has witnessed remarkable growth in recent years, offering profound insights and innovations that are reshaping agriculture's future. Biotechnological Advances in Horticultural Crops serves as a comprehensive guide to the latest innovations and applications. This meticulously curated volume bridges the gap between fundamental knowledge and cutting-edge advancements. From plant tissue culture to genomic approaches, this book spans a diverse array of topics, catering to a broad audience of students, researchers, and academics.Key Features:In-depth exploration of plant tissue culture and its applications in horticultural crop improvement.Insightful coverage of transgenic approaches in fruit crops, including genetic modifications for enhancing fruit quality, yield, and resistance to pests and diseases.Detailed examination of the application of omics sciences in tropical fruits, opening up new perspectives for crop improvement and sustainable production.Extensive discussion on the potential of in vitro production techniques for underutilized and unconventional horticultural crops.Exploration of sustainable agriculture practices, including the use of beneficial microbes and the scientific validation of natural and organic farming practices.This book is more than just a collection of topics; it’s a gateway to the transformative potential of biotechnology in horticulture. It empowers readers (students, researchers, and academicians) to comprehend and harness these advancements, promoting innovation and sustainability in horticultural crop improvement.

This book examines urban water ecosystem management and restoration through selected case studies in Asia and Africa. Employing a socioecological approach, this volume presents insights on the interlinkages between water, humans, and environmental conservation in an urban context.Topics include human health risks, population displacement and migration, water pollution, water scarcity, flood management, water infrastructure, afforestation, and the effects of climate change. Case studies are drawn from a variety of countries in Africa and Asia, including China, Japan, India, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Kenya, Malawi, and Tunisia, which demonstrate a wide range of different challenges, and opportunities. Overall, this book argues that to better manage urban water resources, there needs to be a shift from urban water management to urban water ecosystem management. This shift needs to acknowledge the complex biophysical and socio-political dimensions of water ecosystems.This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of water resource management, ecosystem services, urban studies, environmental conservation and sustainable development.

This book examines urban water ecosystem management and restoration through selected case studies in Asia and Africa. Employing a socioecological approach, this volume presents insights on the interlinkages between water, humans, and environmental conservation in an urban context.Topics include human health risks, population displacement and migration, water pollution, water scarcity, flood management, water infrastructure, afforestation, and the effects of climate change. Case studies are drawn from a variety of countries in Africa and Asia, including China, Japan, India, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Kenya, Malawi, and Tunisia, which demonstrate a wide range of different challenges, and opportunities. Overall, this book argues that to better manage urban water resources, there needs to be a shift from urban water management to urban water ecosystem management. This shift needs to acknowledge the complex biophysical and socio-political dimensions of water ecosystems.This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of water resource management, ecosystem services, urban studies, environmental conservation and sustainable development.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in unconventional nanoparticle synthesis and their applications, including a foundational understanding of unconventional nanoparticle covering synthesis, characterization, and green manufacturing technologies. Further, it covers laser ablation-mediated synthesis of carbon-coated TiO2 nanoparticles, supercritical CO2-assisted reaction crystallization, continuous hydrothermal nanoparticle synthesis, and safety and environmental implications of unconventional nanoparticle synthesis.Presents insights into both fundamental and applied aspects of unconventional nanoparticle production methods.Discusses progress in unconventional nanoparticle synthesis, particularly in-situ supercritical fluid synthesis with additives.Provide insights into cutting-edge advancements in techniques to produce nanoparticles with distinct properties.Includes an in-depth analysis of green technology to produce nanoparticles.Reviews practical applications of unconventional nanoparticles, highlighting their role in pioneering energy storage solutions.This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in materials science and nanomaterials.

Biotechnology has revolutionized horticulture by enhancing the productivity, resilience and nutritional quality of fruit, vegetable and spice crops. This comprehensive volume provides an in-depth exploration of cutting-edge biotechnological advancements that are reshaping horticultural science. From genomics-driven crop improvement to the development of functional foods, this book presents a meticulously curated compilation of research and methodologies addressing key challenges and opportunities in modern horticulture. By integrating molecular techniques, plant–microbe interactions and bioprocess innovations, this book provides a unique perspective on sustainable and precision-driven horticultural practices.Key FeaturesInsights into genomic approaches for understanding abiotic stress tolerance and developing climate-resilient varieties.Advances in tissue culture, marker-assisted selection and genome editing for apple, grapevine and potato breeding.Molecular and biocontrol strategies for tackling major threats, such as root rot disease in apples.Applications of soilless cultivation techniques and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to optimize crop yield and quality.Biotechnological tools for developing probiotic-enriched fruits and vegetables and the valorization of non-grape fruit wines.With contributions from leading researchers, this book serves as an essential reference for graduate students, academics and professionals in plant biotechnology, horticulture and food science. It provides a valuable resource for those seeking to harness the power of biotechnology to drive sustainable innovation in horticultural crop production.

This book explores advancements in coating and cladding technologies designed for high-temperature resistance and wear protection, including laser cladding of nickel-based and high-entropy alloy coatings, cold metal transfer (CMT) technology, and integration of machine learning for predictive modeling and optimization. It addresses joining dissimilar materials, enhancing tool performance through advanced coatings and 3D-printed microstructures, mechanical testing in various conditions, and eco-friendly corrosion protection for aerospace and industrial applications.Features:• Explores cutting-edge coating and cladding technologies such as laser cladding and CMT for high-temperature and wear-resistant applications.• Blends foundational knowledge with cutting-edge advancements like laser cladding, CMT, and AI-driven predictive modeling.• Provides practical insights into the integration of machine learning and AI for predictive modeling and optimization of coatings and cladding performance.• Includes introductory sections, illustrative diagrams, and case studies.• Addresses applications in aerospace, automotive, energy, and biomedical sectors.This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in materials science, mechanical, industrial, and manufacturing engineering.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING IN BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS The book explores the latest research and developments related to the interdisciplinary field of biomedical and mechanical engineering offering insights and perspectives on the research, key technologies, and mechanical engineering techniques used in biomedical applications. The book is divided into several sections that cover different aspects of mechanical engineering in biomedical research. The first section focuses on the role of additive manufacturing technologies, rehabilitation in healthcare applications, and artificial recreation of human organs. The section also covers the advances, risks, and challenges of bio 3D printing. The second section presents insight into biomaterials, including their properties, applications, and fabrication techniques. The section also covers the use of powder metallurgy methodology and techniques of biopolymer and bio-ceramic coatings on prosthetic implants. The third section covers biofluid mechanics, including the mechanics of fluid flow within our body, the mechanical aspects of human synovial fluids, and the design of medical devices for fluid flow applications. The section also covers the use of computational modeling to study the blockage of carotid arteries. The final section elaborates on soft robotic manipulation for use in medical sciences. Audience The book provides practical insights and applications for mechanical engineers, biomedical engineers, medical professionals, and researchers working on the design and development of biomedical devices and implants.

This book contains detailed information on the types, structure, fabrication, and characterization of organic solar cells (OSCs). It discusses processes to improve efficiencies and the prevention of degradation in OSCs. It compares the cost-effectiveness of OSCs to those based on crystalline silicon and discusses ways to make OSCs more economical. This book provides a practical guide for the fabrication, processing, and characterization of OSCs and paves the way for further development in OSC technology.

Postharvest environmental conditions of fruits and vegetables significantly affect quality and shelf life. Bioengineering fruits and vegetables, however, can enhance their value and durability. This book addresses the issues related to postharvest losses in fruits and vegetable crops using cutting-edge technologies, bringing together the most recent developments, such as gene overexpression approaches (enzymes, transcriptional factors, or combinatorial engineering), promoter engineering, enhancing postharvest stability (shelf life), epigenetic regulation, antioxidant-regulated expression, metabolic engineering, and regulation of postharvest pathogen infection and decay using biotechnological tools and much more. The book throws light on the current status as well as future prospects in this field as well.

This book presents solutions to address water security in rapidly urbanizing cities, and explores the new paradigms of water security in changing contexts.

This book presents solutions to address water security in rapidly urbanizing cities, and explores the new paradigms of water security in changing contexts.

This book provides an overview of biosurfactants as biobased compounds, and highlights novel applications in several industries, including biotech, food processing, cosmetic, oil recovery/petroleum, pharmaceutical, detergent and textile. In the past few decades, biosurfactants have emerged as promising alternative surface-active agents to chemical surfactants due to their high biodegradability, low toxicity, multi-functionality under extreme pH and temperature conditions, long-term physicochemical stability, and their production from renewable sources. This book presents the fundamental aspects (classification, structure, genetics, and properties) of biosurfactants and how their features contribute to the global bioeconomy.Chapters from expert contributors discuss the latest screening, purification and characterization methods of new biosurfactants and biosurfactant-producing fungi and bacteria, including extremophiles. Particular attention is given to the role of biosurfactants in the formulation of sustainable agrochemicals, and their application as eco-friendly mosquitocidal agents, and biopesticides. Readers will discover a perspective on the antiviral activity of biosurfactants, in which the latest in vitro and in silico studies are discussed. Readers will also find more about the foremost therapeutic attributes of biosurfactant-mediated nanoparticles as next-generation drug delivery systems.Given its breadth, this book appeals to a wide readership, from students and academic researchers to scientists and professionals from industry, interested in the study and application of microbial surfactants.

This book provides an overview of biosurfactants as biobased compounds, and highlights novel applications in several industries, including biotech, food processing, cosmetic, oil recovery/petroleum, pharmaceutical, detergent and textile. In the past few decades, biosurfactants have emerged as promising alternative surface-active agents to chemical surfactants due to their high biodegradability, low toxicity, multi-functionality under extreme pH and temperature conditions, long-term physicochemical stability, and their production from renewable sources. This book presents the fundamental aspects (classification, structure, genetics, and properties) of biosurfactants and how their features contribute to the global bioeconomy.Chapters from expert contributors discuss the latest screening, purification and characterization methods of new biosurfactants and biosurfactant-producing fungi and bacteria, including extremophiles. Particular attention is given to the role of biosurfactants in the formulation of sustainable agrochemicals, and their application as eco-friendly mosquitocidal agents, and biopesticides. Readers will discover a perspective on the antiviral activity of biosurfactants, in which the latest in vitro and in silico studies are discussed. Readers will also find more about the foremost therapeutic attributes of biosurfactant-mediated nanoparticles as next-generation drug delivery systems.Given its breadth, this book appeals to a wide readership, from students and academic researchers to scientists and professionals from industry, interested in the study and application of microbial surfactants.

"Nature's Fury: Navigating Natural Hazards in Mountainous Topographies" shall be a comprehensive guide to the unique challenges and hazards associated with mountainous regions, and the efforts being made to mitigate their impact. The book shall provide a detailed overview of natural hazards such as earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, and flash floods, and explores their impacts on communities and the environment. It would delve into the science of risk assessment and vulnerability analysis, and shall offer practical insights into mitigation strategies such as early warning systems, evacuation plans, and disaster response efforts. The book will also explore the role of technology and predictive modeling in mountain hazards management, and the relationship between mountain hazards and climate change. With realworld examples and case studies from the Himalayas, the Andes, and the Rockies, the book shall provide a comprehensive examination of the field of mountain hazards management. It will cover community-based disaster management and preparedness, environmental conservation and sustainable development, and the balancing of tourism and conservation in mountainous regions. The book will also include lessons learned from major mountain disasters, and the importance of international cooperation in mountain hazards management. It would cater wide audience including professionals in the field of disaster management, an environmental scientist, or even an enthusiast of mountain landscapes. We propose to have an engaging writing style and practical insights in this book, that will provide a valuable resource for anyone interested in navigating the unique challenges and hazards of mountainous topographies.

This book entitled “Mining Impacts and their Environmental Problems” presents a comprehensive view on various mining activities and a wide spectrum of environmental challenges associated with it.

This book covers the role and effects of nanofertilizers in agriculture and together with its companion book “Nanofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture: Assessing Impacts on Health, Environment, and Economy” serves as an indispensable resource for researchers, agronomists, and policymakers exploring sustainable agriculture with nanotechnology.The book outlines the synthesis and formulation of nanoparticles tailored for agricultural applications and discusses the impact of nanofertilizers on crop well-being and soil fertility, including the pivotal role of plant growth-promoting microorganisms in nanoparticle-mediated agriculture. Divided into four sections, the book begins with an introduction to the relevance and specificities of nanotechnology in agriculture, including nonfertilizer synthesis and formulation, followed by a section dedicated to rhizosphere microorganisms and the impact of nanofertilizers in agricultural systems. Readers will learn about the impact of nanofertilizers on crop well-being and soil fertility, including the pivotal role of plant growth-promoting microorganisms in nanoparticle-mediated agriculture. The subsequent section of the book is devoted to the mechanisms of action of nanofertilizers, namely the ones governing the release, absorption, and translocation of nanonutrients in soil, and discusses the potential of biocatalysis in nanofertilizer development. The final section of the book discusses crop productivity and biofortification while unravelling the nuanced effects of nanoparticle doses, shapes, sizes, and compositions on crop yields and physiological activities. In this section, readers will also find diverse applications of nanofertilizers in stress tolerance, salinity, and environmental stress mitigation.