Richard Ashdowne – författare

Latin continued to be used across Europe long after the end of the Roman Empire. This collection considers key issues arising from the use of Latin in Britain from the 6th to the 16th centuries. Latin in this period was not the native language of its users but was nevertheless used extensively for a wide variety of functions from religion, literature, and philosophy to record-keeping and correspondence. It existed alongside a number of everyday native spoken languages, including English, French, and Welsh. The chapters in this collection consider Latin with regard to the various contexts in which it was used, looking beyond narrow comparisons with its Roman ancestor to see what medieval users did with Latin and the changing effects this had on the language. The fifteen chapters by expert contributors are divided into three parts. The chapters of the first part consider important examples of Latin usage in Britain during four successive periods, the pre-Conquest period, the 12th century, the long 14th century, and the 15th and 16th centuries. In the second part, different spheres of use are considered, including the law, the church, music, and science. In the final part the use of Latin is considered alongside the many spoken native languages of medieval Britain, looking at how the languages had different roles and how they influenced each other. In all the many contexts in which Latin was used, this use reveals continuity matched with adaptation to circumstance, not least in the development of new vocabulary for the language. Between these two poles, users of Latin steered a course that suited their own needs and those of their intended audience.

The two texts in this volume, The Second Continuation of the Chronicle of Crowland Abbey and Dominic Mancini’s Usurpation of Richard III, are the principal contemporary witnesses to the Wars of the Roses, particularly to the opaque and controversial reign of Richard III. The Crowland chronicler – an important but still unidentified bureaucrat – is intimately acquainted with the workings of the monarchy of Edward IV, whom he admires and criticizes, but he is apparently troubled by the monarchy of Richard III. He tells much (but not quite all) that he has seen on the inside. Mancini – a foreigner sent to London on some unknown mission by a minister of the French king – is the classic outsider, working the streets like a foreign correspondent to piece together an account for his overseas sponsors. He tells more than he actually knows, employing his acute powers of observation and inference to compensate for his lack of access. Together the bureaucrat and the correspondent provide the core narrative of the Wars of the Roses. This new edition brings together both texts in a single volume for the first time, each presented with a clear facing English translation and accompanied by explanatory notes. Readers will find up-to-date summaries of current interpretations and thorough discussions of historical and political background – all keyed to particular words and lines and passages, making the coverage useful and accessible to a wide audience.