de Gruyter Reference – serie

We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology), funded by the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union. Current grammatical knowledge about particular sign languages is fragmentary and of varying reliability, and it appears scattered in scientific publications where the description is often intertwined with the analysis. In general, comprehensive grammars are a rarity. The SignGram Blueprint is an innovative tool for the grammar writer: a full-fledged guide to describing all components of the grammars of sign languages in a thorough and systematic way, and with the highest scientific standards.The work builds on the existing knowledge in Descriptive Linguistics, but also on the insights from Theoretical Linguistics. It consists of two main parts running in parallel: the Checklist with all the grammatical features and phenomena the grammar writer can address, and the accompanying Manual with the relevant background information (definitions, methodological caveats, representative examples, tests, pointers to elicitation materials and bibliographical references). The areas covered are Phonology, Morphology, Lexicon, Syntax and Meaning. The Manual is endowed with hyperlinks that connect information across the work and with a pop-up glossary.The SignGram Blueprint will be a landmark for the description of sign language grammars in terms of quality and quantity.

The book covers specific and selective reagents for the determination of iron and copper by spectrophotometry. It provides methods for each group or class of reagents, including conditions, wavelength and interferences of other ions in samples. It is a unique guide for researchers in analytical chemistry from pharmaceutical to environmental monitoring laboratories working on iron and copper based products.

Although there are many studies of certain individual ancient Italic groups (e.g. the Etruscans, Gauls and Latins), there is no work that takes a comprehensive view of each of them—the famous and the less well-known—that existed in Iron Age and Roman Italy. Moreover, many previous studies have focused only on the material evidence for these groups or on what the literary sources have to say about them.This handbook is conceived of as a resource for archaeologists, historians, philologists and other scholars interested in finding out more about Italic groups from the earliest period they are detectable (early Iron Age, in most instances), down to the time when they begin to assimilate into the Roman state (in the late Republican or early Imperial period). As such, it will endeavor to include both archaeological and historical perspectives on each group, with contributions from the best-known or up-and-coming archaeologists and historians for these peoples and topics. The language of the volume is English, but scholars from around the world have contributed to it. This volume covers the ancient peoples of Italy more comprehensively in individual chapters, and it is also distinct because it has a thematic section.

The Handbook of Greek Sculpture aims to provide a detailed examination of current research and directions in the field. Bringing together an international cast of contributors from Greece, Italy, France, Great Britain, Germany, and the United States, the volume incorporates new areas of research, such as the sculptures of Messene and Macedonia, sculpture in Roman Greece, and the contribution of Greek sculptors in Rome, as well as important aspects of Greek sculpture like techniques and patronage. The written sources (literary and epigraphical) are explored in dedicated chapters, as are function and iconography and the reception of Greek sculpture in modern Europe. Inspired by recent exhibitions on Lysippos and Praxiteles, the book also revisits the style and the personal contributions of the great masters.

Konrad von Würzburg was the most significant and versatile German author of the thirteenth century, possibly even the Middle Ages. His works stand out due to their stylistic quality, the diversity of their themes and genres, and the lasting impact they have made. This handbook is the first of its kind, bringing together texts written by a group of experts, and addresses a specialist German studies audience as well as students of German studies and neighboring medieval studies fields. It documents the rich, enduring international research that has been conducted on Konrad as well as new methodological approaches to his oeuvre. Alongside an introduction to the author’s biographical traces, this handbook comprises overarching chapters on aesthetics, and the reception and transmission of Konrad’s works, as well as individual chapters on Konrad’s verse, his shorter stories (Das Herzmaere,　Heinrich von Kempten,　Die halbe Birne,　Der Schwanritter) and legends (Silvester,　Alexius,　Pantaleon), his heraldic poem (Das Turnier von Nantheiz), and Konrad's innovative allegorical poems (Die Klage der Kunst, Die goldene Schmiede,　Der Welt Lohn). It also contains chapters on Konrad’s two romances (Engelhard,　Partonopier und Meliur) and his great　Trojanerkrieg fragment.

This handbook gives an overview of language for special purposes (LSP) in scientific, professional and other contexts, with particular focus on teaching and training. It provides insights into research paradigms, theories and methods while also highlighting the practical use of LSPs in concrete discourse situations. The volume is transdisciplinary oriented with a firm basis in the language sciences, including terminology, knowledge transfer, multilingual and cross-cultural exchange.

Bettina von Arnim (1785–1859) ist eine der wichtigsten Autorinnen der deutschen Literatur. Die mit einflussreichen Romantikern eng verbundene Autorin (Schwester Clemens Brentanos, Ehefrau Achim von Arnims) wurde mit ihrem kontrovers rezipierten "Goethes Briefwechsel mit einem Kinde" (1835) berühmt, mit ihren autobiografischen Briefbüchern und preußenkritischen, sozialpolitischen Schriften zur Mentorin junger Intellektueller des Vormärz und zu einer Identifikationsfigur für Generationen von Frauen.Das Handbuch bringt erstmals eine detaillierte Gesamtschau ihres literarischen, politischen und künstlerischen Schaffens in Weiterführung der neuesten Forschung. Dargestellt werden ihre autobiografischen Brief- und Gesprächsbücher im literarischen Feld, ihre Vernetzung mit Intellektuellen und Künstlern, ihre publizistischen und politischen Aktivitäten, sowie ihr von der Zensur verhindertes „Armenbuch“ und die anonym publizierte „Polenbroschüre“. Einzelartikel zeigen die ästhetische Qualität, den Bezug zu Romantik und Vormärz, die Modernität des Werkes, Poetik und Briefwechsel und ihre Rolle im literarischen Markt. So bietet das Handbuch ein wissenschaftliches Kompendium für die Beschäftigung mit Bettina von Arnims Persönlichkeit, Werk und Epoche.

A follow-up publication to the Handbook of Medieval Studies, this new reference work turns to a different focus: medieval culture. Medieval research has grown tremendously in depth and breadth over the last decades. Particularly our understanding of medieval culture, of the basic living conditions, and the specific value system prevalent at that time has considerably expanded, to a point where we are in danger of no longer seeing the proverbial forest for the trees. The present, innovative handbook offers compact articles on essential topics, ideals, specific knowledge, and concepts defining the medieval world as comprehensively as possible. The topics covered in this new handbook pertain to issues such as love and marriage, belief in God, hell, and the devil, education, lordship and servitude, Christianity versus Judaism and Islam, health, medicine, the rural world, the rise of the urban class, travel, roads and bridges, entertainment, games, and sport activities, numbers, measuring, the education system, the papacy, saints, the senses, death, and money.

Since the discovery of X-ray diffraction in 1913 over 100 000 different inorganic substances (also called compounds or phases) have been structurally characterized. The aim of this reference work is to provide the researcher with a comprehensive compilation of all up to now crystallographically identified inorganic substances in only one volume. All data have been processed and critically evaluated by the "Pauling File" editorial team using a unique software package. Each substance is represented in a single row containing the following information: - Alphabetically sorted chemical elements - Standardized chemical formula - Prototype (structure type): type-defining compound, Pearson symbol, space group number - Hermann-Mauguin symbol for the space group - Unit cell dimensions- Color - Density calculated from the chemical formula and unit cell dimensions - Code indicating the level of structural studies (atom coordinates refined; no atom coordinates refined, but prototype assigned; only cell parameters determined) - Reference number

Nach dem Papst ist das Kardinalskollegium die höchste Instanz der römisch-katholischen Kirche. Neben der Leitung der großen Diözesen der Weltkirche und der Leitung der Dikasterien der römischen Kurie obliegt ihm die Wahl eines neuen Papstes. Im Laufe seiner Geschichte hat das Kardinalskollegium vielfältige Veränderungen erfahren. Besonders in den letzten zweihundert Jahren wuchs die Zahl von ursprünglich höchstens 70 Kardinälen auf mittlerweile über 200 Kardinäle an und erfuhr eine starke Internationalisierung. Das vorliegende Werk bietet neben Einführungen in die Geschichte und Gegenwart sowie Aufgaben und Bedeutung des Kardinalskollegiums die Biographien aller von 1846 bis 2012 ernannten Kardinäle und zeichnet so die Veränderungen und Wandlungen dieses einzigartigen Kollegiums nach.

Die Melanchthonforschung hat im Laufe eines halben Jahrhunderts einen gewaltigen Aufschwung erlebt. Dies gilt nicht nur für seine reformationsgeschichtliche Bedeutung. Sein literarisches Œuvre ist immens und umfasst neben seiner Korrespondenz, die von der Melanchthon-Forschungsstelle der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften ediert wird, Schriften zu fast allen wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen und Ereignissen seiner Zeit: Theologie, Naturphilosophie, Moralphilosophie, Dialektik, Rhetorik, Geschichte, Literatur, Kirchenpolitik und -organisation. Ein Team von international anerkannten Wissenschaftlern stellt den aktuellen Forschungsstand vor. Neben diesen einzelnen Disziplinen und Ereignissen werden nicht nur die jeweiligen literarischen Gattungen berücksichtigt, sondern auch die breite Wirkung Melanchthons in den Ländern des damaligen Europas dargestellt. Beleuchtet wird auch die Frage, in welcher Hinsicht Melanchthon als „Ökumeniker des Reformationszeitalters“ gelten kann. Das Handbuch bietet damit eine schnelle erste Orientierung der Melanchthonforschung und eröffnet gleichermaßen Perspektiven für die künftige Forschung.