Engineering Applications of Fracture Mechanics – serie
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25 produkter
25 produkter
Inbunden, Engelska, 1992
1 608 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
Material technology has become so diversified in theories and the construction of novel microstructures that the researchers and practitioners are drifting further apart. This book is based on material presented at an International Symposium in Zanthi, Greece, in July 1989. It attracted a group of individual engineers and scientists from the East and West who tackled the question of why particular manipulations of a given material have particular effects. Emphasis is laid on the strain energy function because of the versatile role it plays in mechanics and physics. It has been used successfully not only in predicting the failure of solids but also in formulating constitutive relations in continuum mechanics. The material presented falls within the areas of fundamentals of strain energy density; damage analysis on strain energy density; strain energy density as a failure criterion; applications; and composites.
Del 10 - Engineering Applications of Fracture Mechanics
Fracture Mechanics Criteria and Applications
Inbunden, Engelska, 1990
1 608 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
It is difficult to do justice to fracture mechanics in a textbook, for the subject encompasses so many disciplines. A general survey of the field would serve no purpose other than give a collection of references. The present book by Professor E. E. Gdoutos is refreshing because it does not fall into the esoteric tradition of outlining equations and results. Basic ideas and underlying principles are clearly explained as to how they are used in application. The presentations are concise and each topic can be understood by advanced undergraduates in material science and continuum mechanics. The book is highly recommended not only as a text in fracture mechanics but also as a reference to those interested in the general aspects of failure analysis. In addition to providing an in-depth review of the analytical methods for evaluating the fundamental quantities used in linear elastic fracture mechanics, various criteria are discussed re:O. ecting their limitations and applications. Par ticular emphases are given to predicting crack initiation, subcritical growth and the onset of rapid fracture from a single criterion. Those models in which it is assumed that the crack extends from tip to tip rely on the specific surface energy concept. The differences in the global and energy states before and after crack extension were associated with the energy required to create a unit area of crack surface. Applications were limited by the requirement of self-similar crack growth.
Inbunden, Engelska, 1991
1 608 kr
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The assessment of crack initiation and/or propagation has been the subject of many past discussions on fracture mechanics. Depending on how the chosen failure criterion is combined with the solution of a particular theory of continuum mechanics, the outcome could vary over a wide range. Mod elling of the material damage process could be elusive if the scale level of observation is left undefined. The specification of physical dimension alone is not sufficient because time and temperature also play an intimate role. It is only when the latter two variables are fixed that failure predictions can be simplified. The sudden fracture of material with a pre-existing crack is a case in point. Barring changes in the local temperature,* the energy released to create a unit surface area of an existing crack can be obtained by considering the change in elastic energy of the system before and after crack extension. Such a quantity has been referred to as the critical energy release rate, G e, or stress intensity factor, K Ie. Other parameters, such as the crack opening displacement (COD), path-independent J-integral, etc. , have been proposed; their relation to the fracture process is also based on the energy release concept. These one-parameter approaches, however, are unable simultaneously to account for the failure process of crack initiation, propagation and onset of rapid fracture. A review on the use of G, K I, COD, J, etc. , has been made by Sih [1,2].
3 785 kr
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These volumes contain contributions from a conference on the themes of measurement and prediction of residual stress in railroad rails. Volume I contains elements of practical railway experience, laboratory tests, including experimental stress analysis, and theoretical evaluations of residual stress, crack propagation, and rail fracture. Theoretical and numerical analyses are presented in Volume II, in the hope that models based on solid mechanics can correlate the experimental stress measurements and lead to better understanding of the effects of residual stress upon crack propagation, fracture, and ultimately the economics of rail in the modern railroad environment.
Del 14 - Engineering Applications of Fracture Mechanics
Advanced Technology for Design and Fabrication of Composite Materials and Structures
Applications to the Automotive, Marine, Aerospace and Construction Industry
Inbunden, Engelska, 1995
1 608 kr
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Contained in the volume are the papers presented at an International Symposium on Advanced Technology for Design and Fabrication of Composite Materials and Structures. The Symposium was organized by Consorzio per la Ricerca e l'Educazione Permanente; Institute of Fracture and Solid Mechanics, Lehigh University, Pennsylvania USA; Dipartimento di Ingegneria Strutturale del Politecnico di Torino; and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aeronautica e Spaziale del Politecnico di Torino. It was held at the Politecnico di Torino in Italy, May 24-28, 1993. The support from the various organizations is acknowledged as follows: * Consiglio N azionale delle Ricerche * ALENIA SP AZIO * AGUST A * CIRA * AERMACCHI * Centro Ricerche FIAT * ALENIA (formerly AERITALIA) * Collegio Costruttori Edili della Provincia di Torino As new knowledge is being accumulated on the design and fabrication of advanced composite systems in different sectors of the world, there is the need not only to exchange new ideas but also to disseminate the information from the researchers to the users.The theme of this Symposium is particularly relevant to the automobile, marine, aerospace and construction industry where the competitive edge lies on improved processing and/or manufacturing of the products. Technological advances have been and will continue to depend strongly on the development of new materials and their effective use in design. Empirical trial-and- error methods could no longer be considered economically feasible when applied to usage-specific materials such as composites.
Inbunden, Engelska, 1984
1 608 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This book consists of a collection of lectures prepared for a short course on "Fracture Mechanics Methodology" sponsored by the Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD), part of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The course was organized jointly by Professor George C. Sih of the Institute of Fracture and Solid Mechanics at Lehigh University in the United States and Professor Luciano Faria from Centro de Mecanica e de Materiais das Universidade de Lisboa in Portugal. It was held in Lisbon from June 1 to 4, 1981. Dr. Robert Badaliance from the McDonnell Aircraft Company in St. Louis and Dr. Oscar Orringer from the Depart- ment of Transportation in Cambridge are the other US lecturers while Professor Carlos Moura Branco from Portugal also lectured. The audience consisted of engineers from the Portuguese industry with a large portion from the aeronautical sector and others who are particularly interested to apply the fracture mechanics discipline for analyzing the integrity of structural components and fracture control methods. Particular. emphases were given to the fundamentals of fracture mechanics as applied to aircraft structures.
Del 3 - Engineering Applications of Fracture Mechanics
Fracture mechanics of concrete: Material characterization and testing
Material Characterization and Testing
Inbunden, Engelska, 1984
541 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
In this volume on the mechanics of fracture of Portland cement concrete, the general theme is the connection between microstructural phenomena and macroscopic models. The issues addressed include techniques for observation over a wide range of scales, the influence of .microcracking on common measures of strength and de formability , and ultimately, the relationship between microstructural changes in concrete under load and its resistance to cracking. It is now commonly accepted that, in past attempts to force-fit the behavior of concrete into the rules of linear elastic fracture mechanics, proper attention has not been paid to scale effects. Clearly, the relationships among specimen size, crack length and opening, and characteristic material fabric dimensions have been, in comparison to their counterparts in metals, ceramics, and rocks, abused in concrete. Without a fundamental understanding of these relationships, additional testing in search of the elusive, single measure of fracture toughness has spawned additional confusion and frustration. No one is in a better position to document this observation than Professor Mindess.
Del 4 - Engineering Applications of Fracture Mechanics
Fracture mechanics of concrete: Structural application and numerical calculation
Structural Application and Numerical Calculation
Inbunden, Engelska, 1984
2 142 kr
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Concrete has traditionally been known as a material used widely in the construction of roads, bridges and buildings. Since cost effectiveness has always been one of the more important aspects of design, concrete, when reinforced and/or prestressed, is finding more use in other areas of application such as floating marine structures, storage tanks, nuclear vessel containments and a host of other structures. Because of the demand for concrete to operate under different loading and environmen tal conditions, increasing attention has been paid to study concrete specimens and structure behavior. A subject of major concern is how the localized segregation of the constituents in concrete would affect its global behavior. The degree of nonhomogeneity due to material property and damage. by yielding and/or cracking depends on the size scale and loading rate under consideration. Segregation or clustering of aggregates at the macroscopic level will affect specimen behavior to a larger degree than it would to a large structure such as a dam. Hence, a knowledge of concrete behavior over a wide range of scale is desired. The parameters governing micro-and macro-cracking and the techniques for evaluating and observing the damage in concrete need to be better understood. This volume is intended to be an attempt in this direction. The application of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics to concrete is discussed in several of the chapters.
Del 2 - Engineering Applications of Fracture Mechanics
Problems of mixed mode crack propagation
Inbunden, Engelska, 1984
1 075 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This is not just another book on fracture mechanics. In recent years, there have been many books published on this subject in an attempt to assess the state of the art and its applications. The majority of the work dealt with energy release rate or critical stress intensity factor and is applicable only to fracture toughness testing. The main reason for this restriction is that the energy release concept cannot easily be extended to mixed mode fracture that occurs in practice as the rule rather than the exception. Cracks will normally curve or turn because the direction of loading can change as a function of time. Their directions of growth cannot be assumed as an a priori and must be determined from a pre-assumed criterion. Analysts are still perplexed with selecting an appropriate fracture criterion because it requires much discernment and judgement. Criteria which often appeared valid for idealized situations are quickly dis credited when encountering more complex physical phenomena. Moreover, the claim of generality cannot be justified on the basis of agreement between theory and experiment for a few simple examples.
Del 5 - Engineering Applications of Fracture Mechanics
Mechanical damage and crack growth in concrete
Plastic collapse to brittle fracture
Inbunden, Engelska, 1986
2 142 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
Following Volumes III and IV that dealt with the fracture mechanics of concrete emphasizing both material testing and structural application in general, it was felt that specimen size and loading rate effects for concrete require further attention. The only criterion that has thus far successfully linearized the highly nonlinear crack growth data of concrete is the strain energy density theory. In particular, the crack growth resistance curves plotting the strain energy density factor versus crack growth known as the SR·curves are straight lines as specimen size and loading steps or rates are altered. This allows the extrapolation of data and provides a useful design methodology. This book is unique in that it is devoted specifically to the application of the strain energy density theory to civil engineering structural members made of concrete. Analyzed in detail is the strain softening behavior of concrete for a variety of different components including the influence of steel reinforcement. Permanent damage of the material is accounted for each increment of loading by invoking the mechanism of elastic unloading. This assumption is justified in concrete structures where the effective stiffness depends primarily on the crack growth rate and load history. Crack growth data are presented in terms of SR-curves with emphases placed on scaling specimen size which alone can change the mode of failure from plastic collapse to brittle fracture. Loading rate effects can also be scaled to control failure by yielding and fracture.
Inbunden, Engelska, 1986
1 608 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
With the advent of the 80's there has been an increasing need for analytic and numerical techniques, based on a thorough understanding of microstructural processes, that express in a manner suitable for practicing engineers the reliability of components and structures that are being subjected to degradation situations. Such situations fall within the framework offracture mechanics, fatigue, corrosion fatigue and pitting corrosion. Luckily, such techniques are now being developed and it was felt timely to combine in one volume reports by the leaders in this field who are currently making great strides towards solving these problems. Hence the idea of this monograph was born and I am pleased to be associated both with it and the contributors whose chapters are included in this volume. A very large part of the credit for this monograph must go to the authors who have taken time out from their busy schedules to prepare their submissions. They have all worked diligently over the last few months in order to get their manuscripts to me on time and I sincerely thank them for their help throughout the preparation of this volume.
Inbunden, Engelska, 1988
2 142 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
The conventional approach to through-life-support for aircraft structures can be divided into the following phases: (i) detection of defects, (ii) diagnosis of their nature and significance, (iii) forecasting future behaviour-prognosis, and (iv) pre scription and implementation of remedial measures including repairs. Considerable scientific effort has been devoted to developing the science and technology base for the first three phases. Of particular note is the development of fracture mechanics as a major analytical tool for metals, for predicting residual strength in the presence of cracks ( damage tolerance) and rate of crack propagation under service loading. Intensive effort is currently being devoted to developing similar approaches for fibre composite structures, particularly to assess damage tolerance and durability in the presence of delamination damage. Until recently there has been no major attempt to develop a science and tech nology base for the last phase, particularly with respect to the development of repairs. Approaches are required which will allow assessment of the type and magnitude of defects amenable to repair and the influence of the repair on the stress intensity factor (or some related parameter). Approaches are also required for the development and design of optimum repairs and for assessment of their durability.
Del 14 - Engineering Applications of Fracture Mechanics
Advanced Technology for Design and Fabrication of Composite Materials and Structures
Applications to the Automotive, Marine, Aerospace and Construction Industry
Häftad, Engelska, 2010
1 608 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
Contained in the volume are the papers presented at an International Symposium on Advanced Technology for Design and Fabrication of Composite Materials and Structures. The Symposium was organized by Consorzio per la Ricerca e l'Educazione Permanente; Institute of Fracture and Solid Mechanics, Lehigh University, Pennsylvania USA; Dipartimento di Ingegneria Strutturale del Politecnico di Torino; and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aeronautica e Spaziale del Politecnico di Torino. It was held at the Politecnico di Torino in Italy, May 24-28, 1993. The support from the various organizations is acknowledged as follows: * Consiglio N azionale delle Ricerche * ALENIA SP AZIO * AGUST A * CIRA * AERMACCHI * Centro Ricerche FIAT * ALENIA (formerly AERITALIA) * Collegio Costruttori Edili della Provincia di Torino As new knowledge is being accumulated on the design and fabrication of advanced composite systems in different sectors of the world, there is the need not only to exchange new ideas but also to disseminate the information from the researchers to the users.The theme of this Symposium is particularly relevant to the automobile, marine, aerospace and construction industry where the competitive edge lies on improved processing and/or manufacturing of the products. Technological advances have been and will continue to depend strongly on the development of new materials and their effective use in design. Empirical trial-and- error methods could no longer be considered economically feasible when applied to usage-specific materials such as composites.
Del 6 - Engineering Applications of Fracture Mechanics
Probabilistic fracture mechanics and reliability
Häftad, Engelska, 2010
1 608 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
With the advent of the 80's there has been an increasing need for analytic and numerical techniques, based on a thorough understanding of microstructural processes, that express in a manner suitable for practicing engineers the reliability of components and structures that are being subjected to degradation situations. Such situations fall within the framework offracture mechanics, fatigue, corrosion fatigue and pitting corrosion. Luckily, such techniques are now being developed and it was felt timely to combine in one volume reports by the leaders in this field who are currently making great strides towards solving these problems. Hence the idea of this monograph was born and I am pleased to be associated both with it and the contributors whose chapters are included in this volume. A very large part of the credit for this monograph must go to the authors who have taken time out from their busy schedules to prepare their submissions. They have all worked diligently over the last few months in order to get their manuscripts to me on time and I sincerely thank them for their help throughout the preparation of this volume.
Del 1 - Engineering Applications of Fracture Mechanics
Fracture mechanics methodology
Evaluation of Structural Components Integrity
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
1 608 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This book consists of a collection of lectures prepared for a short course on "Fracture Mechanics Methodology" sponsored by the Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD), part of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The course was organized jointly by Professor George C. Sih of the Institute of Fracture and Solid Mechanics at Lehigh University in the United States and Professor Luciano Faria from Centro de Mecanica e de Materiais das Universidade de Lisboa in Portugal. It was held in Lisbon from June 1 to 4, 1981. Dr. Robert Badaliance from the McDonnell Aircraft Company in St. Louis and Dr. Oscar Orringer from the Depart- ment of Transportation in Cambridge are the other US lecturers while Professor Carlos Moura Branco from Portugal also lectured. The audience consisted of engineers from the Portuguese industry with a large portion from the aeronautical sector and others who are particularly interested to apply the fracture mechanics discipline for analyzing the integrity of structural components and fracture control methods. Particular. emphases were given to the fundamentals of fracture mechanics as applied to aircraft structures.
Del 3 - Engineering Applications of Fracture Mechanics
Fracture mechanics of concrete: Material characterization and testing
Material Characterization and Testing
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
541 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
In this volume on the mechanics of fracture of Portland cement concrete, the general theme is the connection between microstructural phenomena and macroscopic models. The issues addressed include techniques for observation over a wide range of scales, the influence of .microcracking on common measures of strength and de formability , and ultimately, the relationship between microstructural changes in concrete under load and its resistance to cracking. It is now commonly accepted that, in past attempts to force-fit the behavior of concrete into the rules of linear elastic fracture mechanics, proper attention has not been paid to scale effects. Clearly, the relationships among specimen size, crack length and opening, and characteristic material fabric dimensions have been, in comparison to their counterparts in metals, ceramics, and rocks, abused in concrete. Without a fundamental understanding of these relationships, additional testing in search of the elusive, single measure of fracture toughness has spawned additional confusion and frustration. No one is in a better position to document this observation than Professor Mindess.
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
2 142 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
Concrete has traditionally been known as a material used widely in the construction of roads, bridges and buildings. Since cost effectiveness has always been one of the more important aspects of design, concrete, when reinforced and/or prestressed, is finding more use in other areas of application such as floating marine structures, storage tanks, nuclear vessel containments and a host of other structures. Because of the demand for concrete to operate under different loading and environmen tal conditions, increasing attention has been paid to study concrete specimens and structure behavior. A subject of major concern is how the localized segregation of the constituents in concrete would affect its global behavior. The degree of nonhomogeneity due to material property and damage. by yielding and/or cracking depends on the size scale and loading rate under consideration. Segregation or clustering of aggregates at the macroscopic level will affect specimen behavior to a larger degree than it would to a large structure such as a dam. Hence, a knowledge of concrete behavior over a wide range of scale is desired. The parameters governing micro-and macro-cracking and the techniques for evaluating and observing the damage in concrete need to be better understood. This volume is intended to be an attempt in this direction. The application of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics to concrete is discussed in several of the chapters.
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
1 075 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This is not just another book on fracture mechanics. In recent years, there have been many books published on this subject in an attempt to assess the state of the art and its applications. The majority of the work dealt with energy release rate or critical stress intensity factor and is applicable only to fracture toughness testing. The main reason for this restriction is that the energy release concept cannot easily be extended to mixed mode fracture that occurs in practice as the rule rather than the exception. Cracks will normally curve or turn because the direction of loading can change as a function of time. Their directions of growth cannot be assumed as an a priori and must be determined from a pre-assumed criterion. Analysts are still perplexed with selecting an appropriate fracture criterion because it requires much discernment and judgement. Criteria which often appeared valid for idealized situations are quickly dis credited when encountering more complex physical phenomena. Moreover, the claim of generality cannot be justified on the basis of agreement between theory and experiment for a few simple examples.
2012
3 785 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
Rail integrity is a current application of engineering fracture mechanics at a practical level. Although railroad rails have been manufactured and used for more than a century, it is only in the last ten years that the effects of their crack propagation and fracture characteristics have been considered from a rational viewpoint. The J,Jractical objectives are to develop damage tolerance ~delines for rail inspection and to improve the fracture resistance of new rail productiOn. Rail fatigue crack propagation rates and fracture resistance are strongly influenced by residual stresses, which are introduced into the rail both during proouction and in service. Therefore, the rail residual stress field must be well understood before fracture mechanics can be usefully applied to the subject of rail integrity. The three-dintensional character of rail and its stress fields make it essential to apply both experimental and analytical methods in order to twderstand the effects of pro duction and service variables on residual stress and the effects of the stress on fatigue crack propagation and fracture. This volume brings to~ether field observations and experimental stress analysis of railroad rails in the Umted States and Europe. The ongoing search for an efficient and accurate technique is emphasized. A companion volume brings together several analytical investigations, based on advanced compu tational mechanics methods, for correlation of the experimental data as well as eval uation of the effects of residual stress on rail integrity.
Del 11 - Engineering Applications of Fracture Mechanics
Mechanics of Fracture Initiation and Propagation
Surface and volume energy density applied as failure criterion
Häftad, Engelska, 2012
1 608 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
The assessment of crack initiation and/or propagation has been the subject of many past discussions on fracture mechanics. Depending on how the chosen failure criterion is combined with the solution of a particular theory of continuum mechanics, the outcome could vary over a wide range. Mod elling of the material damage process could be elusive if the scale level of observation is left undefined. The specification of physical dimension alone is not sufficient because time and temperature also play an intimate role. It is only when the latter two variables are fixed that failure predictions can be simplified. The sudden fracture of material with a pre-existing crack is a case in point. Barring changes in the local temperature,* the energy released to create a unit surface area of an existing crack can be obtained by considering the change in elastic energy of the system before and after crack extension. Such a quantity has been referred to as the critical energy release rate, G e, or stress intensity factor, K Ie. Other parameters, such as the crack opening displacement (COD), path-independent J-integral, etc. , have been proposed; their relation to the fracture process is also based on the energy release concept. These one-parameter approaches, however, are unable simultaneously to account for the failure process of crack initiation, propagation and onset of rapid fracture. A review on the use of G, K I, COD, J, etc. , has been made by Sih [1,2].
Del 8 - Engineering Applications of Fracture Mechanics
Isodyne Stress Analysis
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
541 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
''It is true that "Nothing is more practical than a theory" Provided - however - That the assumptions on which the theory is founded Are well understood. - But, indeed, engineering experience shows that "Nothing can be more disastrous than a theory When applied to a real problem Outside of the practicailimits of the assumptions made", Because of an homonymous identity With the problem under consideration. " (J. T. P. ) The primary objective of this work is to present the theories of analytical and optical isodynes and the related measurement procedures in a manner com patible with the modem scientific methodology and with the requirements of modem technology pertaining to the usefulness of the stress analysis proce dures. The selected examples illustrate some major theses of this work and demonstrate the particular efficiency of the isodyne methods in solving the technologically important problems in fracture mechanics and mechanics of composite structures including new materials. To satisfy this objective it was necessary to depart from the common practice of presenting theories and techniques of experimental methods as a compatible system of equations and procedures without mentioning the tacitly accepted assumptions and their influence on the theoretical admissibility of analytical expressions and the reliability of the experimental or analytical results. It was necessary to design a more general frame of reference which could allow to assess the scientific correctness of isodyne methods and the reliability of experimental results.
Del 9 - Engineering Applications of Fracture Mechanics
Mechanics and Physics of Energy Density
Characterization of material/structure behaviour with and without damage
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
1 608 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
Material technology has become so diversified in theories and the construction of novel microstructures that the researchers and practitioners are drifting further apart. This book is based on material presented at an International Symposium in Xanthi, Greece in July 1989. The symposium attracted a group of individual engineers and scientists from the East and West who tackled the question of why particular manipulations of a given material have particular effects. Emphasis is laid on the strain energy function because of the versatile role it plays in mechanics and physics. It has been used successfully not only in predicting the failure of solids but also in formulating constitutive relations in continuum mechanics. The material presented falls within the areas of: Fundamentals of Strain Energy Density, Damage Analysis on Strain Energy Density, Strain Energy Density as Failure Criterion, Applications, and Composites.
Del 10 - Engineering Applications of Fracture Mechanics
Fracture Mechanics Criteria and Applications
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
1 608 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
It is difficult to do justice to fracture mechanics in a textbook, for the subject encompasses so many disciplines. A general survey of the field would serve no purpose other than give a collection of references. The present book by Professor E. E. Gdoutos is refreshing because it does not fall into the esoteric tradition of outlining equations and results. Basic ideas and underlying principles are clearly explained as to how they are used in application. The presentations are concise and each topic can be understood by advanced undergraduates in material science and continuum mechanics. The book is highly recommended not only as a text in fracture mechanics but also as a reference to those interested in the general aspects of failure analysis. In addition to providing an in-depth review of the analytical methods for evaluating the fundamental quantities used in linear elastic fracture mechanics, various criteria are discussed re:O. ecting their limitations and applications. Par ticular emphases are given to predicting crack initiation, subcritical growth and the onset of rapid fracture from a single criterion. Those models in which it is assumed that the crack extends from tip to tip rely on the specific surface energy concept. The differences in the global and energy states before and after crack extension were associated with the energy required to create a unit area of crack surface. Applications were limited by the requirement of self-similar crack growth.
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
2 142 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
The conventional approach to through-life-support for aircraft structures can be divided into the following phases: (i) detection of defects, (ii) diagnosis of their nature and significance, (iii) forecasting future behaviour-prognosis, and (iv) pre scription and implementation of remedial measures including repairs. Considerable scientific effort has been devoted to developing the science and technology base for the first three phases. Of particular note is the development of fracture mechanics as a major analytical tool for metals, for predicting residual strength in the presence of cracks ( damage tolerance) and rate of crack propagation under service loading. Intensive effort is currently being devoted to developing similar approaches for fibre composite structures, particularly to assess damage tolerance and durability in the presence of delamination damage. Until recently there has been no major attempt to develop a science and tech nology base for the last phase, particularly with respect to the development of repairs. Approaches are required which will allow assessment of the type and magnitude of defects amenable to repair and the influence of the repair on the stress intensity factor (or some related parameter). Approaches are also required for the development and design of optimum repairs and for assessment of their durability.
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
2 142 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
Following Volumes III and IV that dealt with the fracture mechanics of concrete emphasizing both material testing and structural application in general, it was felt that specimen size and loading rate effects for concrete require further attention. The only criterion that has thus far successfully linearized the highly nonlinear crack growth data of concrete is the strain energy density theory. In particular, the crack growth resistance curves plotting the strain energy density factor versus crack growth known as the SR·curves are straight lines as specimen size and loading steps or rates are altered. This allows the extrapolation of data and provides a useful design methodology. This book is unique in that it is devoted specifically to the application of the strain energy density theory to civil engineering structural members made of concrete. Analyzed in detail is the strain softening behavior of concrete for a variety of different components including the influence of steel reinforcement. Permanent damage of the material is accounted for each increment of loading by invoking the mechanism of elastic unloading. This assumption is justified in concrete structures where the effective stiffness depends primarily on the crack growth rate and load history. Crack growth data are presented in terms of SR-curves with emphases placed on scaling specimen size which alone can change the mode of failure from plastic collapse to brittle fracture. Loading rate effects can also be scaled to control failure by yielding and fracture.