IAHR Monographs – serie

The book provides an overview of climate change-sensitive water resources management with consideration of adaptation approaches, the assessment of climate change impacts, current contemporary management techniques, and ecological responses. Comprehensive assessments and studies from eight countries using innovative approaches that aid water management under evolving climates are documented. Topics ranging from hydrologic design to management and policy responses to climate change are discussed, which demonstrate updated theories that highlight methods, tools, and experiences on the topic of water resources under climate change. The generic approaches discussed, and their applications to different climate change-related problems, make this book appealing to a global readership. The practical and applied methodologies presented in the book and through insightful case studies discussed will provide readers worldwide with ready-to-use information to manage water resources sustainably under evolving climate. This book is ideally suited for water resource managers, scientists, professionals from water management agencies, graduate students, and national laboratory agencies responsible for water and environmental management.

Earthen levees are extensively used to protect the population and infrastructure from periodic floods and high water due to storm surges. The causes of failure of levees include overtopping, surface erosion, internal erosion, and slope instability. Overtopping may occur during periods of flooding due to insufficient freeboard. The most problematic situation involves the levee being overtopped by both surge and waves when the surge level exceeds the levee crest elevation with accompanying wave overtopping. Overtopping of levees produces fast-flowing, turbulent water velocities on the landward-side slope that can potentially damage the protective grass covering and expose the underlying soil to erosion. If overtopping continues long enough, the erosion may eventually result in loss of levee crest elevation and possibly breaching of the protective structure. Hence, protecting levees from erosion by surge overflow and wave overtopping is necessary to assure a viable and safe levee system. This book presents a cutting-edge approach to understanding overtopping hydraulics under negative free board of earthen levees, and to the study of levee reinforcing methods. Combining soil erosion test, full-scale laboratory overtopping hydraulics test, and numerical modeling for the turbulent overtopping hydraulics. It provides an analysis that integrates the mechanical and hydraulic processes governing levee overtopping occurrences and engineering approaches to reinforce overtopped levees. Topics covered: surge overflow, wave overtopping and their combination, full-scale hydraulic tests, erosion tests, overtopping hydraulics, overtopping discharge, and turbulent analysis.This is an invaluable resource for graduate students and researchers working on levee design, water resource engineering, hydraulic engineering, and coastal engineering, and for professionals in the field of civil and environmental engineering, and natural hazard analysis.

Earthen levees are extensively used to protect the population and infrastructure from periodic floods and high water due to storm surges. The causes of failure of levees include overtopping, surface erosion, internal erosion, and slope instability. Overtopping may occur during periods of flooding due to insufficient freeboard. The most problematic situation involves the levee being overtopped by both surge and waves when the surge level exceeds the levee crest elevation with accompanying wave overtopping. Overtopping of levees produces fast-flowing, turbulent water velocities on the landward-side slope that can potentially damage the protective grass covering and expose the underlying soil to erosion. If overtopping continues long enough, the erosion may eventually result in loss of levee crest elevation and possibly breaching of the protective structure. Hence, protecting levees from erosion by surge overflow and wave overtopping is necessary to assure a viable and safe levee system. This book presents a cutting-edge approach to understanding overtopping hydraulics under negative free board of earthen levees, and to the study of levee reinforcing methods. Combining soil erosion test, full-scale laboratory overtopping hydraulics test, and numerical modeling for the turbulent overtopping hydraulics. It provides an analysis that integrates the mechanical and hydraulic processes governing levee overtopping occurrences and engineering approaches to reinforce overtopped levees. Topics covered: surge overflow, wave overtopping and their combination, full-scale hydraulic tests, erosion tests, overtopping hydraulics, overtopping discharge, and turbulent analysis.This is an invaluable resource for graduate students and researchers working on levee design, water resource engineering, hydraulic engineering, and coastal engineering, and for professionals in the field of civil and environmental engineering, and natural hazard analysis.

This two-volume book is a comprehensive guide to designing, conducting and interpreting experiments in a broad range of topics associated with hydraulic engineering. It is the first substantial effort in hydraulic engineering to assemble in one place descriptions of all the components of experimentation along with a concise outline of essential theory to highlight the intrinsic connection between analytical and experimental research and illustrate the need for their complementary use. Providing end-to-end guidance to support experimentalists is long overdue, as most of the information can only be found in scientific papers or specialized monographs on laboratory and fieldwork practice. The book was prepared for college faculty, researchers, practitioners, and students involved in hydraulics experiments.Written by a team of more than 45 authors well-experienced in hydraulics experimentation, the book takes into account experiments performed under a range of conditions, including well-equipped and -staffed laboratories, and laboratories lacking aspects of advanced instrumentation and expertise. The book could serve as a textbook on hydraulics experiments. Its style is intentionally concise and makes frequent use of convenient summaries, tables and figures to present information. The writers provide specific guidance on methods and instruments currently used in hydraulics experiments, and emphasizes new and emerging measurement technologies and analysis methods. Extensive references enable interested readers to further explore details on each topic. Although the book focuses primarily on laboratory experiments, including hydraulic modelling, it also applies to fieldwork of varying complexity and accessibility.

A stream flowing in alluvium deforms its bed surface, forming ripples, dunes, bars, etc., and, in many instances, it deforms its channel entirely, thereby creating meandering or braiding patterns. It could be said that, in general, an alluvial stream and its deformable boundary undergo a variety of fluvial processes leading to the emergence of a multitude of alluvial forms.This book concerns the physics and analytical treatment of various fluvial processes and the associated alluvial bed and plan forms listed above. Following an introductory chapter on the basics of turbulent flow and sediment transport, the book covers the origin, geometric characteristics and effects of bed forms, from small- to meso-scale (ripples, dunes, alternate and multiple bars); the initiation, geometry and mechanics of meandering streams; the computation of flow, bed deformation and the planimetric evolution of meandering streams; and braiding and delta formation. The book also covers the regime concept, the time-development of a stream towards its regime state, and the formulation of stable, or equilibrium, morphology. The book distinguishes itself by its comprehensive analysis and discussion of key processes involved in large-scale river morphodynamics. The book was written primarily for researchers and graduate students of hydraulic engineering, water resources and related branches of earth sciences, but it will also prove useful for river engineers and managers.

This is the second volume of a two-volume guide to designing, conducting and interpreting laboratory and field experiments in a broad range of topics associated with hydraulic engineering. Specific guidance is provided on methods and instruments currently used in experimental hydraulics, with emphasis on new and emerging measurement technologies and methods of analysis. Additionally, this book offers a concise outline of essential background theory, underscoring the intrinsic connection between theory and experiments. This book is much needed, as experimental hydraulicians have had to refer to guidance scattered in scientific papers or specialized monographs on essential aspects of laboratory and fieldwork practice. The book is the result of the first substantial effort in the community of hydraulic engineering to describe in one place all the components of experimental hydraulics. Included is the work of a team of more than 45 professional experimentalists, who explore innovative approaches to the vast array of experiments of differing complexity encountered by today’s hydraulic engineer, from laboratory to field, from simple but well-conceived to complex and well-instrumented. The style of this book is intentionally succinct, making frequent use of convenient summaries, tables and examples to present information. All researchers, practitioners, and students conducting or evaluating experiments in hydraulics will find this book useful.

This is the first volume of a two-volume guide to designing, conducting and interpreting laboratory and field experiments in a broad range of topics associated with hydraulic engineering. Specific guidance is provided on methods and instruments currently used in experimental hydraulics, with emphasis on new and emerging measurement technologies and methods of analysis. Additionally, this book offers a concise outline of essential background theory, underscoring the intrinsic connection between theory and experiments. This book is much needed, as experimental hydraulicians have had to refer to guidance scattered in scientific papers or specialized monographs on essential aspects of laboratory and fieldwork practice. The book is the result of the first substantial effort in the community of hydraulic engineering to describe in one place all the components of experimental hydraulics. Included is the work of a team of more than 45 professional experimentalists, who explore innovative approaches to the vast array of experiments of differing complexity encountered by today’s hydraulic engineer, from laboratory to field, from simple but well-conceived to complex and well-instrumented. The style of this book is intentionally succinct, making frequent use of convenient summaries, tables and examples to present information. All researchers, practitioners, and students conducting or evaluating experiments in hydraulics will find this book useful.

This book presents an overview of methods to quantify channel processes in steep catchments. The understanding and the quantitative description of channel processes provides an essential basis for the planning of protection measures. Channel processes are mostly triggered by rainfall events and associated runoff processes. Apart from possible flood hazards during an intense rainstorm event, a lot of damage is often caused by fine and coarse sediment in the form of fluvial bedload transport or of a debris flow. This work mainly discusses the topics of flow resistance, bedload transport, debris flows and the relation between magnitude and frequency of torrential sediment events.

This book provides 1-page short biographies of scientists and engineers having worked in the areas of hydraulic engineering and fluid dynamics in the USA. On each page, a notable individual is highlighted by: (1) Exact dates and locations of birth and death; (2) Educational and professional details, including also awards received; (3) Reasons for inclusion in the book by highlighting key publications; (4) Short bibliography including both individual’s own, and source literature such as Who’s Who details, or origination details of the portrait; (5) In most cases, an illustrative portrait or photo showing, for example, a book cover of the individual, or photograph of a typical work such as a dam or a canal.This volume includes almost 1,000 individuals, of which there are only 2 women. The book also provides a detailed Index, and a 2-page list of individuals (normally born in Europe) listed in previous volumes (1 and 2), but having a relation to this volume 3. The book also contains a map of the USA highlighting the major American rivers, with a close relation to projects carried out by several of the individuals presented in the book.This book provides a beautiful overview of the many scientists and engineers having contributed to the current knowledge in hydraulic engineering and fluid mechanics. The author made every effort in compiling the most important hydraulicians of the USA in this work as it will become much more difficult in future decades to find biographical details on these, given the current policy that so few memoirs or necrologues are published.

Recent advances in technology have permitted the construction of large dams, reservoirs and channels. This progress has necessitated the development of new design and construction techniques, particularly with the provision of adequate flood release facilities. Chutes and spillways are designed to spill large water discharges over a hydraulic structure (e.g. dam, weir) without major damage to the structure itself and to its environment. At the hydraulic structure, the flood waters rush as an open channel flow or free-falling jet, and it is essential to dissipate a very signifi cant part of the flow kinetic energy to avoid damage to the hydraulic structure and its surroundings. Energy dissipation may be realised by a wide range of design techniques. A number of modern developments have demonstrated that such energy dissipation may be achieved (a) along the chute, (b) in a downstream energy dissipator, or (c) a combination of both.The magnitude of turbulent energy that must be dissipated in hydraulic structures is enormous even in small rural and urban structures. For a small storm waterway discharging at a 4 m3/s mm high drop, the turbulent kinetic energy flux per unit time is 120 kW! At a large dam, the rate of energy dissipation can exceed tens to hundreds of gigawatts; that is, many times the energy production rate of nuclear power plants. Many engineers have never been exposed to the complexity of energy dissipator designs, to the physical processes taking place and to the structural challenges. Several energy dissipators, spillways and storm waterways failed because of poor engineering design. It is believed that a major issue affecting these failures was the lack of understanding of the basic turbulent dissipation processes and of the interactions between free-surface aeration and flow turbulence.In that context, an authoritative reference book on energy dissipation in hydraulic structures is proposed here. The book contents encompass a range of design techniques including block ramps, stepped spillways, hydraulic jump stilling basins, ski jumps and impact dissipators.

More than 850 individuals partly forgotten by name, but sometimes found in historical writings, together with many well known or recently deceased persons are presented in terms of bio-data, short career highlights, and main advances made to the profession with a short biography of the main writings. If available, a portrait is also included. Hydraulicians in Europe, Volume 2 is a continuation of the first volume, both in outline and in coverage and pagination. Volumes 1 and 2 include more than 1500 biographies.

The book provides an overview of climate change-sensitive water resources management with consideration of adaptation approaches, the assessment of climate change impacts, current contemporary management techniques, and ecological responses. Comprehensive assessments and studies from eight countries using innovative approaches that aid water management under evolving climates are documented. Topics ranging from hydrologic design to management and policy responses to climate change are discussed, which demonstrate updated theories that highlight methods, tools, and experiences on the topic of water resources under climate change. The generic approaches discussed, and their applications to different climate change-related problems, make this book appealing to a global readership. The practical and applied methodologies presented in the book and through insightful case studies discussed will provide readers worldwide with ready-to-use information to manage water resources sustainably under evolving climate. This book is ideally suited for water resource managers, scientists, professionals from water management agencies, graduate students, and national laboratory agencies responsible for water and environmental management.

Groundwater is an indispensable resource in many parts of the world, where it supports domestic water supply, irrigated agriculture and industry. Its increased, and often intensive, use during the last half century has created problems and raised concerns regarding the potential depletion of local aquifers, water quality degradation and various geologic hazards such as land subsidence and sinkholes. This volume includes contributions by experts from several countries who describe different groundwater management practices in their part of the world and discuss measures and actions in response to the challenges associated with the sustainability of groundwater use and the protection of the groundwater environment, as well as the evolution of legal and institutional framework needed for their implementation. It discusses past and present practices and various aspects of the regulatory and legal framework of groundwater management in Japan, China, India, Iran, Australia, the United States, Spain, Denmark, Switzerland and the European Union, and reviews recent efforts to improve the management of transboundary aquifer resources.

This book contains the written versions of invited lectures presented at the Gerhard H. Jirka Memorial Colloquium on Environmental Fluid Mechanics, held June 3-4, 2011, in Karlsruhe, Germany. Professor Jirka was widely known for his outstanding work in Environmental Fluid Mechanics, and 23 eminent world-leading experts in this field contributed to this book in his honour, providing high-quality state-of-the-art scientific information. The contributions cover the following key areas of Environmental Fluid Mechanics: Fluvial Hydraulics, Shallow Flows, Jets and Stratified Flows, Gravity Currents, Mass Transfer and Small-Scale Phenomena, and include experimental, theoretical and numerical studies. In addition, former co-workers of Professor Jirka provide an extensive summary of his scientific achievements in the field.

Numerical Simulation of Effluent Discharges: Applications with OpenFOAM provides a resource for understanding the effluent discharge mechanisms and the approaches for modeling them. It bridges the gap between academia and industry with a focused approach in CFD modeling and providing practical examples and applications. With a detailed discussion on performing numerical modeling of effluent discharges in various ambient waters and with different discharge configurations, the book covers the application of OpenFOAM in effluent discharge modeling. Features:Discusses effluent discharges into various ambient waters with different discharge configurations.Focuses on numerical modeling of effluent discharges.Covers the fundamentals in predicting the mixing characteristics of effluents resulting from desalination plants.Reviews the past CFD studies on the effluent discharge modeling thoroughly.Provides guidance to researchers and engineers on the future steps in modeling of effluent discharges.Includes an introduction to OpenFOAM and its application in effluent discharge modeling.The book will benefit both academics and professional engineers practicing in the area of environmental fluid mechanics and working on the effluent discharge modeling.Chapter 3 of this book is available for free in PDF format as Open Access from the individual product page at www.routledge.com. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Numerical Simulation of Effluent Discharges: Applications with OpenFOAM provides a resource for understanding the effluent discharge mechanisms and the approaches for modeling them. It bridges the gap between academia and industry with a focused approach in CFD modeling and providing practical examples and applications. With a detailed discussion on performing numerical modeling of effluent discharges in various ambient waters and with different discharge configurations, the book covers the application of OpenFOAM in effluent discharge modeling. Features:Discusses effluent discharges into various ambient waters with different discharge configurations.Focuses on numerical modeling of effluent discharges.Covers the fundamentals in predicting the mixing characteristics of effluents resulting from desalination plants.Reviews the past CFD studies on the effluent discharge modeling thoroughly.Provides guidance to researchers and engineers on the future steps in modeling of effluent discharges.Includes an introduction to OpenFOAM and its application in effluent discharge modeling.The book will benefit both academics and professional engineers practicing in the area of environmental fluid mechanics and working on the effluent discharge modeling.Chapter 3 of this book is available for free in PDF format as Open Access from the individual product page at www.routledge.com. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

This book is a collection of highly refined articles on historical water projects and traditional water technologies of international interest in the Asian region, addressing information on past water projects (mostly before the 20th century) in the Asian regions that are technically and culturally of interest and educationally valuable.This book explores historical water projects in these regions, presenting technologies used at the time, including calculation and forecasting methods, measurement, material, labor, methodologies, and even water culture. It is expected that the old Asian wisdom of "reviewing the old and learning the new" would be realized to a certain extent in modern planning and practice of water projects.This book will enable the reader to understand historical water projects and technologies in the Asian region. It can be used as a one-stop resource to source notable Asian water projects and their relevance to modern-day technology. In this regard, this book is expected to be of interest to a variety of audiences, including the corresponding Asian regions and other international audiences interested in Asian water history from an engineering perspective.

Large-Eddy Simulation (LES), which is an advanced eddy-resolving method for calculating turbulent flows, is used increasingly in Computational Fluid Dynamics, also for solving hydraulics and environmental flow problems. The method has generally great potential and is particularly suited for problems dominated by large-scale turbulent structures. This book gives an introduction to the LES method specially geared for hydraulic and environmental engineers. Compared with existing books on LES it is less theoretically and mathematically demanding and hence easier to follow, and it covers special features of flows in water bodies and summarizes the experience gained with LES for calculating such flows. The book was written primarily as an introduction to LES for hydraulic and environmental engineers, but it will also be very useful as an entry to the subject of LES for researchers and students in all fields of fluids engineering. The applications part will further be useful to researchers interested in the physics of flows governed by the dynamics of coherent structures.

A stream flowing in alluvium deforms its bed surface, forming ripples, dunes, bars, etc., and, in many instances, it deforms its channel entirely, thereby creating meandering or braiding patterns. It could be said that, in general, an alluvial stream and its deformable boundary undergo a variety of fluvial processes leading to the emergence of a multitude of alluvial forms.This book concerns the physics and analytical treatment of various fluvial processes and the associated alluvial bed and plan forms listed above. Following an introductory chapter on the basics of turbulent flow and sediment transport, the book covers the origin, geometric characteristics and effects of bed forms, from small- to meso-scale (ripples, dunes, alternate and multiple bars); the initiation, geometry and mechanics of meandering streams; the computation of flow, bed deformation and the planimetric evolution of meandering streams; and braiding and delta formation. The book also covers the regime concept, the time-development of a stream towards its regime state, and the formulation of stable, or equilibrium, morphology. The book distinguishes itself by its comprehensive analysis and discussion of key processes involved in large-scale river morphodynamics. The book was written primarily for researchers and graduate students of hydraulic engineering, water resources and related branches of earth sciences, but it will also prove useful for river engineers and managers.

This two-volume book is a comprehensive guide to designing, conducting and interpreting experiments in a broad range of topics associated with hydraulic engineering. It is the first substantial effort in hydraulic engineering to assemble in one place descriptions of all the components of experimentation along with a concise outline of essential theory to highlight the intrinsic connection between analytical and experimental research and illustrate the need for their complementary use. Providing end-to-end guidance to support experimentalists is long overdue, as most of the information can only be found in scientific papers or specialized monographs on laboratory and fieldwork practice. The book was prepared for college faculty, researchers, practitioners, and students involved in hydraulics experiments.Written by a team of more than 45 authors well-experienced in hydraulics experimentation, the book takes into account experiments performed under a range of conditions, including well-equipped and -staffed laboratories, and laboratories lacking aspects of advanced instrumentation and expertise. The book could serve as a textbook on hydraulics experiments. Its style is intentionally concise and makes frequent use of convenient summaries, tables and figures to present information. The writers provide specific guidance on methods and instruments currently used in hydraulics experiments, and emphasizes new and emerging measurement technologies and analysis methods. Extensive references enable interested readers to further explore details on each topic. Although the book focuses primarily on laboratory experiments, including hydraulic modelling, it also applies to fieldwork of varying complexity and accessibility.

Recent advances in technology have permitted the construction of large dams, reservoirs and channels. This progress has necessitated the development of new design and construction techniques, particularly with the provision of adequate flood release facilities. Chutes and spillways are designed to spill large water discharges over a hydraulic structure (e.g. dam, weir) without major damage to the structure itself and to its environment. At the hydraulic structure, the flood waters rush as an open channel flow or free-falling jet, and it is essential to dissipate a very signifi cant part of the flow kinetic energy to avoid damage to the hydraulic structure and its surroundings. Energy dissipation may be realised by a wide range of design techniques. A number of modern developments have demonstrated that such energy dissipation may be achieved (a) along the chute, (b) in a downstream energy dissipator, or (c) a combination of both.The magnitude of turbulent energy that must be dissipated in hydraulic structures is enormous even in small rural and urban structures. For a small storm waterway discharging at a 4 m3/s mm high drop, the turbulent kinetic energy flux per unit time is 120 kW! At a large dam, the rate of energy dissipation can exceed tens to hundreds of gigawatts; that is, many times the energy production rate of nuclear power plants. Many engineers have never been exposed to the complexity of energy dissipator designs, to the physical processes taking place and to the structural challenges. Several energy dissipators, spillways and storm waterways failed because of poor engineering design. It is believed that a major issue affecting these failures was the lack of understanding of the basic turbulent dissipation processes and of the interactions between free-surface aeration and flow turbulence.In that context, an authoritative reference book on energy dissipation in hydraulic structures is proposed here. The book contents encompass a range of design techniques including block ramps, stepped spillways, hydraulic jump stilling basins, ski jumps and impact dissipators.

This book presents an overview of methods to quantify channel processes in steep catchments. The understanding and the quantitative description of channel processes provides an essential basis for the planning of protection measures. Channel processes are mostly triggered by rainfall events and associated runoff processes. Apart from possible flood hazards during an intense rainstorm event, a lot of damage is often caused by fine and coarse sediment in the form of fluvial bedload transport or of a debris flow. This work mainly discusses the topics of flow resistance, bedload transport, debris flows and the relation between magnitude and frequency of torrential sediment events.

This is the second volume of a two-volume guide to designing, conducting and interpreting laboratory and field experiments in a broad range of topics associated with hydraulic engineering. Specific guidance is provided on methods and instruments currently used in experimental hydraulics, with emphasis on new and emerging measurement technologies and methods of analysis. Additionally, this book offers a concise outline of essential background theory, underscoring the intrinsic connection between theory and experiments. This book is much needed, as experimental hydraulicians have had to refer to guidance scattered in scientific papers or specialized monographs on essential aspects of laboratory and fieldwork practice. The book is the result of the first substantial effort in the community of hydraulic engineering to describe in one place all the components of experimental hydraulics. Included is the work of a team of more than 45 professional experimentalists, who explore innovative approaches to the vast array of experiments of differing complexity encountered by today’s hydraulic engineer, from laboratory to field, from simple but well-conceived to complex and well-instrumented. The style of this book is intentionally succinct, making frequent use of convenient summaries, tables and examples to present information. All researchers, practitioners, and students conducting or evaluating experiments in hydraulics will find this book useful.

This is the first volume of a two-volume guide to designing, conducting and interpreting laboratory and field experiments in a broad range of topics associated with hydraulic engineering. Specific guidance is provided on methods and instruments currently used in experimental hydraulics, with emphasis on new and emerging measurement technologies and methods of analysis. Additionally, this book offers a concise outline of essential background theory, underscoring the intrinsic connection between theory and experiments. This book is much needed, as experimental hydraulicians have had to refer to guidance scattered in scientific papers or specialized monographs on essential aspects of laboratory and fieldwork practice. The book is the result of the first substantial effort in the community of hydraulic engineering to describe in one place all the components of experimental hydraulics. Included is the work of a team of more than 45 professional experimentalists, who explore innovative approaches to the vast array of experiments of differing complexity encountered by today’s hydraulic engineer, from laboratory to field, from simple but well-conceived to complex and well-instrumented. The style of this book is intentionally succinct, making frequent use of convenient summaries, tables and examples to present information. All researchers, practitioners, and students conducting or evaluating experiments in hydraulics will find this book useful.

This book provides an introduction to the subject of turbulence modelling in a form easy to understand for anybody with a basic background in fluid mechanics, and it summarizes the present state of the art. Individual models are described and examined for the merits and demerits which range from the simple Prandtl mixing length theory to complex second order closure schemes.

This new book offers an engineer's perspective on the history of water technology and its impact on the development of civilisation. A Second Edition and translation into English of the French book "L'Hydraulique dans les Civilisations Anciennes".Water professionals, engineers, scientists, and students will find this book fascinating and invaluable to their understanding of the fundamental role of water engineering in the development of civilization. The book abounds with descriptions of hydraulic techniques in the civilizations of the classical era and the Middle Ages, including illustrations and translated descriptions of ancient observers and authors. The work is unique in offering an engineer's perspective not only on the history of water technology, but also demonstration of the genesis of ideas and the transmissions of ideas and technology from one age and civilization to the next. The book is especially noteworthy for its efforts to situate hydraulic developments in their historical and intellectual context.

This monograph provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art description of the work carried out in the UK and Japan on "Flow and Sediment Transport in Compound Channels". It therefore describes research which has been conducted, primarily over the last two decades, and which has yielded a fairly detailed picture of the important behaviours of compound channels and produced a number of engineering prediction methods which ought to be widely adopted in practice. The text will inevitably highlight areas where our knowledge is sparse and it will spur others on in the task of filling in such gaps.The concept of bi-national groups of researchers meeting together intermittently over period of some years, though not new, has drawn both inspiration and experience and the interaction has produced tangible outcomes in the form of this useful publication.

A review of open channel turbulence, focusing especially on certain features stemming from the presence of the free surface and the bed of a river. Part one presents the statistical theory of turbulence; Part two addresses the coherent structures in open-channel flows and boundary layers.

This book provides an introduction to the subject of turbulence modelling in a form easy to understand for anybody with a basic background in fluid mechanics, and it summarizes the present state of the art. Individual models are described and examined for the merits and demerits which range from the simple Prandtl mixing length theory to complex second order closure schemes.