Language Testing and Evaluation – serie

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45 produkter

Del 2 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Testing ESL Pragmatics
Development and Validation of a Web-Based Assessment Battery
AvCarsten Röver,Rudiger Grotjahnm. fl.
Häftad, Engelska, 2005
685 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
Although second language learners’ pragmatic competence (their ability to use language in context) is an essential part of their general communicative competence, it has not been a part of second language tests. This book helps fill this gap by describing the development and validation of a web-based test of ESL pragmalinguistics. The instrument assesses learners’ knowledge of routine formulae, speech acts, and implicature in 36 multiple-choice and brief-response items. The test’s quantitative and qualitative validation with 300 learners showed high reliability and provided strong evidence of the instrument’s construct validity. Its web-based format makes it easy to administer and score. The book ends with a discussion of future research directions in assessing second language pragmatics.
Del 4 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Interviewer Variability in Oral Proficiency Interviews
AvAnnie Brown,Günther Sigott
Häftad, Engelska, 2005
799 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
This book was the winner of the 2005 Jacqueline A. Ross Dissertation Award for second or foreign language testing.The assessment of speaking skills is an important part of the language learning process, whether carried out by teachers in the classroom or through proficiency tests administered by testing agencies. However, the complex and subjective nature of speaking assessment raises a number of important questions about the validity, reliability and fairness of test procedures. This book, which is based on research into the speaking test of the International English Language Testing System (IELTS), shows how the performance of learners in oral proficiency interviews cannot be taken unequivocally as an indication of their ability, as variation in interviewer behaviour can have an impact both on learner performance and on ratings outcomes.
Del 5 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Measuring Interlanguage Pragmatic Knowledge of EFL Learners
AvJianda Liu
Häftad, Engelska, 2005
1 001 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
Pragmatic competence is an integral and indispensable component of overall language competence. Omitting the pragmatic dimension from language assessment is, therefore, quite unfortunate. This book describes the development and validation of three test methods designed to test the interlanguage pragmatic knowledge of EFL learners. Altogether 413 subjects participated in the development of the tests. Results showed that all three methods investigated had measured learners’ interlanguage pragmatic knowledge. Quantitative analyses showed that the tests tapped the intended construct and the test methods measured a similar construct. Analyses of verbal reports yielded results which supported the quantitative analyses and revealed that the construct-relevant knowledge was involved in the test takers’ cognitive activities. This book ends with some pedagogical implications of this study and directions for further research.
Del 11 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Validity Evaluation in Language Assessment
AvJohn M. Norris
Häftad, Engelska, 2008
959 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
This book explores the notion of «validity evaluation» as a means for helping educators to ensure the utility and worth of their assessment practices. With a particular focus on foreign language testing, the author challenges assessment traditions and argues for a fundamental reconceptualization of assessments and their validation in language teaching and other educational settings. Following a critical review of test validity standards and methods within educational measurement, the author then proposes a comprehensive alternative approach to validation based upon program evaluation methodology. A report of a multi-year case study completes the volume, providing in-depth analyses of how validity evaluation methods were applied by foreign language educators in meeting the assessment needs of a German program at a US university.
Del 6 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Der C-Test
Theorie, Empirie, Anwendungen / The C-Test: Theory, Empirical Research, Applications
AvRüdiger Grotjahn
Häftad, Engelska, 2006
950 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
Del 9 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Strategic Competence and EFL Reading Test Performance
A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
AvAek Phakiti
Häftad, Engelska, 2007
921 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
Strategic competence (a higher-order executive ability that executes strategies for language use) has long been theorized as a significant non-linguistic factor affecting second language (L2) communicative ability. Despite its recognition, the parameters of strategic competence have been poorly defined and researched. Utilizing the multitrait-multimethod approach, this book examines the relationships of general strategic knowledge and strategic regulation in a specific high-stakes, test-taking context to English as a foreign language (EFL) reading test performance over time through the use of a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Since it is large-scale and longitudinal in nature, this research provides an opportunity to generalize the unfolding nature of strategic competence. The book concludes by proposing multidimensional models to assist researching strategic competence and by discussing pedagogical models for strategic reading instruction.
Del 12 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Modelling Performance in Tests of Spoken Language
AvBarry O´Sullivan
Häftad, Engelska, 2007
988 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
When we use a language we are always aware of our audience. This awareness is reflected, for example, in changes to the way we speak to the same person in different contexts or to different people in the same context. This book explores the way in which test takers’ language can change in test events depending on either real or perceived similarities or differences between themselves and their interlocutors. The series of five studies reported are designed to explore aspects of test-taker performance on tests of speaking, and in doing so provide evidence in support of a proposed model of speaking test performance. Though the studies focus primarily on the effect on test-taker performance of characteristics associated with their interlocutor, they also provide empirical evidence of interactions between the factors. There are clear implications from the findings for all of those people involved in language testing and in researching spoken language.
Del 7 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Personality Differences and Oral Test Performance
AvVivien Berry,Günther Sigott
Häftad, Engelska, 2007
645 kr
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The book examines how individual differences in candidates’ levels of extraversion interact with facets which have been shown to affect scores obtained on oral performance tests. Three major studies are presented: the first is concerned with the individual candidate in the model; the second study investigates the role of the rater in the oral test process; the final study is concerned with the degree of interactivity required of pairs of candidates, each of whom also acts as an interlocutor in the performance of an oral test task. Results of the studies confirm that when an appropriate instrument is used to assess personality, and when theoretically sound hypotheses derived from the psychological literature are tested, significant differences can be observed in the responses of introverts and extraverts on particular oral test tasks.
Del 10 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Applying Item Response Theory in Language Test Item Bank Building
AvGábor Szabó
Häftad, Engelska, 2007
800 kr
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Item Response Theory, though it has become a widely recognized tool in language testing research, is still not used frequently in practical language assessment projects. This book intends to provide a theoretical overview as well as to give practical guidance concerning the application of IRT in item bank building in a language testing context by presenting a particular project in a higher education setting.
Del 13 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Tasks and Criteria in Performance Assessment
Proceedings of the 28th Language Testing Research Colloquium
AvAnnie Brown,Kathryn M. Hill
Häftad, Engelska, 2009
1 219 kr
Skickas inom 3-6 vardagar
This volume includes selected papers from the 28th Language Testing Research Colloquium, held at the University of Melbourne (Australia) in July 2006. The papers selected for this volume share a common theme – that of ‘performance’. Not only do they focus on performance assessments of second or foreign language speaking and writing, but they also focus on the performance of the participants – the candidate (or candidates) and the raters – and the construction of that performance through the tasks and the assessment criteria.
Del 15 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Complexity of Test Washback
An Empirical Study
AvDina Tsagari
Häftad, Engelska, 2009
784 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
It has long been noted that high-stakes language exams exert a powerful influence on teaching and learning, a phenomenon known as the washback effect (Alderson and Wall, 1993). However, due to the complex nature of the phenomenon, little research has been conducted in the field so far. This book, which is based on empirical research into the washback effect of First Certificate in English (FCE, Cambridge ESOL), discusses and elaborates on the complexity of the phenomenon and accounts for the intervening factors that mediate the process of test washback. The book concludes with the presentation of a model that demonstrates how the mechanism of washback operates and with recommendations to a variety of stakeholders for achieving beneficial washback.
Del 19 - Language Testing and Evaluation
New Approaches to Assessing Language and (Inter-)Cultural Competences in Higher Education / Nouvelles approches de l’évaluation des compétences langagières et (inter-)culturelles dans l’enseignement supérieur
AvFred Dervin,Eija Suomela-Salmi
Inbunden, Engelska, 2010
1 266 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
Assessment is omnipresent and multifaceted in contemporary institutions of higher education. This collection provides a sound and revealing overview of language and (inter-)cultural assessment practices in European higher education and beyond (Australia, China and Japan). It addresses mainly the following questions: What sort of assessment is taking place? What purposes does it serve? What representations do teaching staff and learners have of assessing language and (inter-)cultural competences in higher education? The chapters were first presented at the bilingual conference (English and French) Assessing language and (inter-)cultural competences in Higher Education at Turku University (Finland) in 2007.L’évaluation est un phénomène multiforme et omniprésent dans l’enseignement supérieur. Ce volume collectif propose un large éventail d’articles, qui passent en revue les pratiques d’évaluation en didactique des langues dans les systèmes éducatifs européens mais aussi en Australie, en Chine et au Japon. Les auteurs s’interrogent sur les questions suivantes : quels types d’évaluation sont mis en œuvre dans le supérieur ? Dans quels buts ? Quelles représentations les enseignants et les apprenants ont-ils de l’évaluation des compétences langagières et interculturelles ? Les textes qui constituent l’ouvrage ont été présentés au colloque intitulé Evaluation des compétences langagières et (inter-)culturelles dans l’enseignement supérieur, organisé par l’Université de Turku (Finlande) en 2007.
Del 17 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Diagnostic Writing Assessment
The Development and Validation of a Rating Scale
AvUte Knoch
Inbunden, Engelska, 2009
1 025 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
The diagnostic assessment of writing is an important aspect of language testing which has often been neclected in the literature. However, it is an area which poses special challenges to practioners both in the classroom and in large-scale testing situations. This book presents a study which set out to develop and validate a rating scale specifically designed for the diagnostic assessment of writing in an academic English setting. The scale was developed by analysing a large number of writing performances produced by both native speakers of English and learners of English as an additional language. The rating scale was then validated using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The study showed that a detailed data-based rating scale is more valid and more useful for diagnostic purposes than the more commonly used impressionistic rating scale.
Del 30 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Co-construction of Conversation in Group Oral Tests
AvFumyo Nakatsuhara
Inbunden, Engelska, 2013
841 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
International language tests increasingly use group oral formats in both high- and low-stakes contexts. But how do test-takers with different characteristics interact in such formats? This book explores how test-takers with different extraversion and proficiency levels co-construct spoken interaction in groups. The impact of the two test-taker characteristics was examined across three task types and with two group sizes. Examination of group performances using both statistical and Conversation Analysis tools offered insights into how group conversation is co-constructed. By enhancing our understanding of the group oral test construct, the findings have useful implications for international language test development and enable appropriate choices regarding task type and group size.
Del 25 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Classroom-Based Language Assessment
AvDina Tsagari,Ildikó Csépes
Inbunden, Engelska, 2011
685 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
While research into aspects of standardised language tests is growing, the area of classroom-based language assessment (CBLA) is still not well-defined and relatively under-researched. Studies investigating CBLA practices within the ESL/EFL school contexts as well as the tertiary level have stressed the need for further research as the picture is not yet complete. The volume aims to address this challenge by presenting a wide scope of research interests that discuss theoretical and practical underpinnings of CBLA. It is also meant to promote the notion of CBLA for a wide membership of the language teaching and testing community covering topics that consider both realities and prospects of CBLA in the assessment world.
Del 21 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Accent and Listening Assessment
A Validation Study of the Use of Speakers with L2 Accents on an Academic English Listening Test
AvLuke Harding
Inbunden, Engelska, 2011
663 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
Given the linguistically diverse nature of academic institutions in English-speaking contexts, a strong rationale exists for the incorporation of L2 accents of English in academic listening assessment on the grounds of authenticity and construct representation. However large-scale tests have tended to feature only native-speaker varieties in listening test input owing to concerns about the intelligibility of L2 accents, construct validity and acceptability. This book presents a mixed-methods study designed to address these concerns. Versions of the University Test of English as a Second Language (UTESL) featuring Australian English, Japanese and Mandarin Chinese accented speakers were used to explore the potential for a shared-L1 or familiarity advantage, and to investigate test-takers’ attitudes towards L2 accents on a listening test. Implications are drawn for test development and for future research.
Del 28 - Language Testing and Evaluation
International Experiences in Language Testing and Assessment
Selected Papers in Memory of Pavlos Pavlou
AvDina Tsagari,Salomi Papadima-Sophocleousm. fl.
Inbunden, Engelska, 2013
799 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
This publication is dedicated to the memory of Associate Professor Pavlos Pavlou, a distinguished language testing and assessment researcher, ELT practitioner, sociolinguist and esteemed faculty member at the University of Cyprus. The chapters included in the volume, written by distinguished scholars, researchers and practitioners in the field of language testing and assessment, are papers selected from presentations made at the 1st International Conference of Language Testing and Assessment (ICLTA), which was dedicated to Pavlos’ memory. The conference was hosted at the University of Cyprus, Nicosia (3-5 June, 2011; http://www.iclta2011.com/cms/).
Del 26 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Collaboration in Language Testing and Assessment
AvDina Tsagari,Ildikó Csépes
Inbunden, Engelska, 2012
641 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
The Guidelines for Good Practice of the European Association for Language Testing and Assessment (EALTA) stress the importance of collaboration between all parties involved in the process of developing instruments, activities and programmes for testing and assessment. Collaboration is considered to be as important as validity and reliability, providing a crucial prerequisite for responsibility and respect for students. The papers, covering a range of topics that consider both realities and prospects of collaboration, were originally presented at EALTA conferences from 2008 to 2010.
Del 29 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Assessment Issues in Language Translation and Interpreting
AvDina Tsagari
Inbunden, Engelska, 2013
620 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
The need for reliable and valid assessments of translator and interpreter skills has been widely acknowledged inside and outside these professions and the (language) testing community. Despite this agreement, the actual assessments which serve as gatekeepers for professional translators and interpreters do not always live up to the expectations. The focus of the volume is on the assessment of translator and interpreter skills leading to authorization, accreditation, registration and certification in different countries of the world. Apart from the description of the different assessment systems, the chapters shed light on the intricate social, political and financial issues influencing the choices that lead to a specific kind of assessment.
Del 32 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Language Proficiency Testing for Chinese as a Foreign Language
An Argument-Based Approach for Validating the Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK)
AvFlorian Meyer
Inbunden, Engelska, 2014
1 023 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
How did the (old) Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK) assess the Chinese proficiency of non-native speakers of Chinese? What inferences can be derived from HSK test taker scores, especially from Western test takers? How difficult is it to learn Chinese according to the HSK? Thirty years of research have been synthesized into an argument-based approach for validating the most widespread test for Chinese as a foreign language. In addition, the author has analyzed the scores of a sample of over 250 German test takers in order to investigate how many hours German natives needed on average to study for reaching a specific HSK level. This work also extensively discusses validation theory for psychological testing, and it demonstrates how to put an argument-based approach to validation into practice.
Del 35 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Testing ESL Sociopragmatics
Development and Validation of a Web-based Test Battery
AvCarsten Roever,Catherine Elder
Inbunden, Engelska, 2014
628 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
Testing of second language pragmatics has grown as a research area but still suffers from a tension between construct coverage and practicality. In this book, the authors describe the development and validation of a web-based test of second language pragmatics for learners of English. The test has a sociopragmatic orientation and strives for a broad coverage of the construct by assessing learners’ metapragmatic judgments as well as their ability to co-construct discourse. To ensure practicality, the test is delivered online and is scored partially automatically and partially by human raters. We used the argument-based approach to validation, which showed that the test can support low-stakes decisions about learners’ knowledge of sociopragmatics in English.
Del 34 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Der C-Test: Aktuelle Tendenzen / The C-Test: Current Trends
Aktuelle Tendenzen / Current Trends
AvRüdiger Grotjahn
Inbunden, Engelska, 2014
960 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
C-Tests bestehen aus mehreren kurzen Texten, in denen fehlende Wortteile zu rekonstruieren sind. Sie haben hervorragende psychometrische Eigenschaften und werden in einer Vielzahl von Kontexten zur ökonomischen Messung von (allgemeiner) Sprachkompetenz eingesetzt. Dieser Band illustriert den aktuellen Stand der C-Test-Forschung. Der Fokus liegt auf Augenscheingültigkeit und Washback von C-Tests; C-Test-Leistung und Intelligenz; C-Tests als Screening-Instrumente für TestDaF und SIMTEST; ROC-Analysen zur Zuordnung von C-Test-Ergebnissen zu den Kompetenzstufen des GER; Verwendung von C-Tests im Unterricht. Eine Besonderheit des Bandes ist die umfassende C-Test-Bibliographie des Herausgebers.C-Tests consist of several short texts in which the missing parts of words have to be reconstructed. C-Tests have excellent psychometric properties and are used in many contexts as economical tests of language proficiency. This collection of papers illustrates the state of the art of C-Test research. It focuses on face validity and washback of C-Tests, C-Test performance and intelligence, C-Tests as screening devices for TestDaF and SIMTEST, ROC analyses for relating C-Test scores to the CEFR as well as use of C-tests in the classroom. A special feature of the volume is the editor’s comprehensive C-Test bibliography.
Del 22 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Introduction to Many-Facet Rasch Measurement
Analyzing and Evaluating Rater-Mediated Assessments. 2nd Revised and Updated Edition
AvThomas Eckes
Inbunden, Engelska, 2015
698 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
Since the early days of performance assessment, human ratings have been subject to various forms of error and bias. Expert raters often come up with different ratings for the very same performance and it seems that assessment outcomes largely depend upon which raters happen to assign the rating. This book provides an introduction to many-facet Rasch measurement (MFRM), a psychometric approach that establishes a coherent framework for drawing reliable, valid, and fair inferences from rater-mediated assessments, thus answering the problem of fallible human ratings. Revised and updated throughout, the Second Edition includes a stronger focus on the Facets computer program, emphasizing the pivotal role that MFRM plays for validating the interpretations and uses of assessment outcomes.
Del 36 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Computational Text Analysis and Reading Comprehension Exam Complexity
Towards Automatic Text Classification
AvTrisevgeni Liontou
Inbunden, Engelska, 2014
973 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
This book delineates a range of linguistic features that characterise the reading texts used at the B2 (Independent User) and C1 (Proficient User) levels of the Greek State Certificate of English Language Proficiency exams in order to help define text difficulty per level of competence. In addition, it examines whether specific reader variables influence test takers’ perceptions of reading comprehension difficulty. The end product is a Text Classification Profile per level of competence and a formula for automatically estimating text difficulty and assigning levels to texts consistently and reliably in accordance with the purposes of the exam and its candidature-specific characteristics.
Del 37 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Validating Analytic Rating Scales
A Multi-Method Approach to Scaling Descriptors for Assessing Academic Speaking
AvArmin Berger
Inbunden, Engelska, 2015
1 007 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
This book presents a unique inter-university scale development project, with a focus on the validation of two new rating scales for the assessment of academic presentations and interactions. The use of rating scales for performance assessment has increased considerably in educational contexts, but the empirical research to investigate the effectiveness of such scales is scarce. The author reports on a multi-method study designed to scale the level descriptors on the basis of expert judgments and performance data. The salient characteristics of the scale levels offer a specification of academic speaking, adding concrete details to the reference levels of the Common European Framework. The findings suggest that validation procedures should be mapped onto theoretical models of performance assessment.
Del 38 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Validating Language Proficiency Assessments in Second Language Acquisition Research
Applying an Argument-Based Approach
AvAnastasia Drackert
Inbunden, Engelska, 2015
813 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
The book introduces the reader to an argument-based approach to validity as a way to improve test validation in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) research. Motivated by the need for practical suggestions for raising proficiency assessment standards in SLA research, it exemplifies the approach by validating two distinct score interpretations for a new Russian Elicited Imitation Test (EIT). Two empirical investigations with 164 Russian learners in the USA and Germany were conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the score interpretations associated with two distinct test uses. The EIT proved to constitute a reliable and valid instrument for differentiating between a wide range of oracy skills. The proposed cut scores enabled prediction of several levels of speaking and listening proficiency. The author concludes with implications for using the argument-based approach for validating assessments in SLA research, for the use of the developed Russian EIT, and for future research on Elicited Imitation Tests in general.
Del 39 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Developing C-tests for estimating proficiency in foreign language research
AvJohn Norris
Inbunden, Engelska, 2018
799 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
This book explores the development of C-tests for providing efficient measures of foreign language proficiency in eight different languages: Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Korean, Turkish, French, Portuguese, and Spanish. Researchers report on how C-test principles were applied in creating the new language tests, with careful attention to language-specific challenges and solutions. The final, five-text C-tests in all languages demonstrated impressive psychometric qualities as well as strong relationships with criterion variables such as learner self-assessments and instructional levels. These test development projects provide new tests for use by foreign language researchers, and they demonstrate innovative and rigorous test development practices in diverse languages.
Del 40 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Language Testing in Austria: Taking Stock / Sprachtesten in Oesterreich: Eine Bestandsaufnahme
AvGünther Sigott
Inbunden, Engelska, 2018
1 310 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
This book marks ten years of language test development and language testing research in Austria. Part I describes the development of large-scale tests at all levels of the educational system. The documentation covers German as the language of instruction for the majority of pupils, the so-called modern foreign languages English, French, Italian and Spanish, as well as the classical languages Latin and Ancient Greek. Part II brings together a considerable body of research which has been conducted in the course and the wake of the development and implementation of the new assessment philosophy during the past ten years. The studies are accommodated in a framework of test validation, which could serve as orientation for future research in language testing in Austria.Das Buch blickt auf zehn Jahre professioneller Testentwicklung und Sprachtestforschung in Österreich zurück. Teil I beschreibt die Entwicklung von Testsystemen auf allen Ebenen des Bildungssystems. Die Dokumentation umfasst Deutsch, das für die große Mehrheit Unterrichtssprache ist, die sogenannten modernen Fremdsprachen Englisch, Französisch, Italienisch und Spanisch sowie die klassischen Sprachen Latein und Altgriechisch. Teil II umfasst eine beachtliche Anzahl von Untersuchungen, die während und nach der Entwicklung und Implementierung der neuen Prüfungsphilosophie in den letzten zehn Jahren durchgeführt wurden. Die Untersuchungen werden in ein Validierungskonzept eingeordnet, das als Orientierung für zukünftige Sprachtestforschung in Österreich dienen könnte.
Del 41 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Social perspectives on language testing
Papers in honour of Tim McNamara
AvCarsten Roever,Gillian Wigglesworth
Inbunden, Engelska, 2019
814 kr
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Tim McNamara’s work has had a fundamental impact on language testing. This volume brings together over 20 leading scholars in language assessment whose work has been influenced by Tim McNamara. Their papers cover issues of the social impact of language tests, such as fairness and justice of test use and language testing in the context of migration. They also address testing of interaction, and teachers’ and students’ views of language tests. The volume concludes with papers discussing the future of language testing in the face of contested concepts of validity, the rise of social media, and lingua franca language use.
Del 46 - Language Testing and Evaluation
Virtual Standard Setting: Setting Cut Scores
AvCharalambos Kollias,Claudia Harsch
Inbunden, Engelska, 2023
739 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
Virtual standard setting became more popular since the global outbreak of Covid-19 in 2020. Standard setting practitioners needed to conduct either cut score studies and/or linking studies online. The research presented in this book predates Covid-19 and explores virtual standard setting in two e-communication media (audio and video) and then compares them to the face-to-face environment. The interplay of quantitative methods [i.e., classical test theory (CTT) and Rasch measurement theory (RMT)] and qualitative methods [(i.e., constant comparative method (CCM), and media naturalness theory (MNT)] unravel Ariadne’s thread into the labyrinth of virtual standard setting. Illustrative examples of how to conduct and evaluate a virtual workshop are offered to stimulate standard setting practitioners to embrace the opportunities of the virtual environment.

Language Testing and Evaluation – serie

Testing ESL Pragmatics

Interviewer Variability in Oral Proficiency Interviews

Measuring Interlanguage Pragmatic Knowledge of EFL Learners

Validity Evaluation in Language Assessment

Der C-Test

Strategic Competence and EFL Reading Test Performance

Modelling Performance in Tests of Spoken Language

Personality Differences and Oral Test Performance

Applying Item Response Theory in Language Test Item Bank Building

Tasks and Criteria in Performance Assessment

Complexity of Test Washback

New Approaches to Assessing Language and (Inter-)Cultural Competences in Higher Education / Nouvelles approches de l’évaluation des compétences langagières et (inter-)culturelles dans l’enseignement supérieur

Diagnostic Writing Assessment

Co-construction of Conversation in Group Oral Tests

Classroom-Based Language Assessment

Accent and Listening Assessment

International Experiences in Language Testing and Assessment

Collaboration in Language Testing and Assessment

Assessment Issues in Language Translation and Interpreting

Language Proficiency Testing for Chinese as a Foreign Language

Testing ESL Sociopragmatics

Der C-Test: Aktuelle Tendenzen / The C-Test: Current Trends

Introduction to Many-Facet Rasch Measurement

Computational Text Analysis and Reading Comprehension Exam Complexity

Validating Analytic Rating Scales

Validating Language Proficiency Assessments in Second Language Acquisition Research

Developing C-tests for estimating proficiency in foreign language research

Language Testing in Austria: Taking Stock / Sprachtesten in Oesterreich: Eine Bestandsaufnahme

Social perspectives on language testing

Virtual Standard Setting: Setting Cut Scores