Managing Aviation Operations – serie

Managing Airline Networks: Design, Integration and Innovative Technologies is a fully comprehensive description of state-of-the-art network management practices at airlines. Designed as a compendium on current practices and future trends in the field, the book offers an instructive guide through the complex world of non-linear production systems.Written by a renowned consultant and aviation expert, the book discusses the impact of network management on airline resource planning and performance, and examines the interplay between network management and adjacent functions. The book includes a practical case study and is enriched with academic perspectives. Discussing upcoming trends in the sector, the book provides an outlook on advanced technologies that may play a role in next-generation network management.Features include: a description of basic network types, performance indicators for profitable networks, efficient processes and success factors for network management, and common optimisation models and tools;descriptive overviews, supported by practical examples, and leading to a deep-dive case study;a section on trends in network management, outlining new demand forecasting models, ‘big data’ applications, machine learning and AI use cases, and alternative optimisation models for airlines.Managing Airline Networks: Design, Integration and Innovative Technologies is designed as a comprehensive compendium and is essential reading for both aviation practitioners and students of airline management.

Managing Airline Networks: Design, Integration and Innovative Technologies is a fully comprehensive description of state-of-the-art network management practices at airlines. Designed as a compendium on current practices and future trends in the field, the book offers an instructive guide through the complex world of non-linear production systems.Written by a renowned consultant and aviation expert, the book discusses the impact of network management on airline resource planning and performance, and examines the interplay between network management and adjacent functions. The book includes a practical case study and is enriched with academic perspectives. Discussing upcoming trends in the sector, the book provides an outlook on advanced technologies that may play a role in next-generation network management.Features include: a description of basic network types, performance indicators for profitable networks, efficient processes and success factors for network management, and common optimisation models and tools;descriptive overviews, supported by practical examples, and leading to a deep-dive case study;a section on trends in network management, outlining new demand forecasting models, ‘big data’ applications, machine learning and AI use cases, and alternative optimisation models for airlines.Managing Airline Networks: Design, Integration and Innovative Technologies is designed as a comprehensive compendium and is essential reading for both aviation practitioners and students of airline management.

Despite the vast amount of work building the foundations of safe operations, aviation accidents still happen, and prior to many accidents and other safety-related events, there was unexpressed or ignored disquiet as the ‘last minute’ approached – the last minute being that time when there is no longer time for discussion or analysis, only ‘safety first’ action. This book aims at the assurance of better outcomes from these time-critical situations whose genesis lies in the time period immediately preceding the ‘last minute.’ This assurance of better outcomes can best be assured by enabling operational managers to adopt new paradigms, in the development of SOPs, building the right culture, and implementation of training programs relevant to good decision-making required as the ‘last minute’ approaches.This book examines the development of the foundations for aviation safety – the things that give foundational support for safety to pilots in particular, but over which line pilots may have little knowledge or day-to-day control. It provides a history of time-critical safety-related events, providing the foundation for the understanding of the reasons why pilot inactivity, indifference, fixation, and incapacitation can so pervade the lead up to the ‘last minute’ as to leave the safe continuation of the flight resting on prompt remedial action. The role of doubt, how it is expressed and how it is heard, is another central thread. Finally, the book addresses the role of flight data analysis as a valuable management tool.Written for aviation managers, line flight crews, and those in similar operational roles in aviation-related operations, this book and its informal discussion style should appeal and communicate across national, age, experience, and language boundaries to create a safer operational environment.

Despite the vast amount of work building the foundations of safe operations, aviation accidents still happen, and prior to many accidents and other safety-related events, there was unexpressed or ignored disquiet as the ‘last minute’ approached – the last minute being that time when there is no longer time for discussion or analysis, only ‘safety first’ action. This book aims at the assurance of better outcomes from these time-critical situations whose genesis lies in the time period immediately preceding the ‘last minute.’ This assurance of better outcomes can best be assured by enabling operational managers to adopt new paradigms, in the development of SOPs, building the right culture, and implementation of training programs relevant to good decision-making required as the ‘last minute’ approaches.This book examines the development of the foundations for aviation safety – the things that give foundational support for safety to pilots in particular, but over which line pilots may have little knowledge or day-to-day control. It provides a history of time-critical safety-related events, providing the foundation for the understanding of the reasons why pilot inactivity, indifference, fixation, and incapacitation can so pervade the lead up to the ‘last minute’ as to leave the safe continuation of the flight resting on prompt remedial action. The role of doubt, how it is expressed and how it is heard, is another central thread. Finally, the book addresses the role of flight data analysis as a valuable management tool.Written for aviation managers, line flight crews, and those in similar operational roles in aviation-related operations, this book and its informal discussion style should appeal and communicate across national, age, experience, and language boundaries to create a safer operational environment.

This book identifies the responsibilities of management in the regulatory territories of the FAA (USA), the EASA (European Union) and the GCAA (UAE), identifying the daily challenges of leadership in ensuring their company is meeting the regulatory obligations of compliance, safety and security that will satisfy the regulator while also meeting the fiducial responsibilities of running an economically viable and efficient lean company that will satisfy the shareholders.Detailing each responsibility of the Accountable Manager, the author breaks them down to understandable and achievable elements where methods, systems and techniques can be applied to ensure the role holder is knowledgeable of accountabilities and is confident that they are not only compliant with the civil aviation regulations but also running an efficient and effective operation. This includes the defining of an Accountable Manager "tool kit" as well as possible software "dashboards" that focus the Accountable Manager on the important analytics, such as the information and data available, as well as making the maximum use of their expert post holder team.This book will be of interest to leadership of all aviation- related companies, such as airlines, charter operators, private and executive operators, flying schools, aircraft and component maintenance facilities, aircraft manufacturers, engine manufacturers, component manufacturers, regulators, legal companies, leasing companies, banks and finance houses, departments of transport, etc; any relevant organisation regulated and licensed by civil aviation authority. It can also be used by students within a wide range of aviation courses at colleges, universities and training academies.

This book identifies the responsibilities of management in the regulatory territories of the FAA (USA), the EASA (European Union) and the GCAA (UAE), identifying the daily challenges of leadership in ensuring their company is meeting the regulatory obligations of compliance, safety and security that will satisfy the regulator while also meeting the fiducial responsibilities of running an economically viable and efficient lean company that will satisfy the shareholders.Detailing each responsibility of the Accountable Manager, the author breaks them down to understandable and achievable elements where methods, systems and techniques can be applied to ensure the role holder is knowledgeable of accountabilities and is confident that they are not only compliant with the civil aviation regulations but also running an efficient and effective operation. This includes the defining of an Accountable Manager "tool kit" as well as possible software "dashboards" that focus the Accountable Manager on the important analytics, such as the information and data available, as well as making the maximum use of their expert post holder team.This book will be of interest to leadership of all aviation- related companies, such as airlines, charter operators, private and executive operators, flying schools, aircraft and component maintenance facilities, aircraft manufacturers, engine manufacturers, component manufacturers, regulators, legal companies, leasing companies, banks and finance houses, departments of transport, etc; any relevant organisation regulated and licensed by civil aviation authority. It can also be used by students within a wide range of aviation courses at colleges, universities and training academies.

This book provides a comprehensive guide to the economics of airports for all managers, regulators and educators within the aviation industry. Written by three renowned experts but made accessible and relevant for all those working within the industry, or aspiring to do so, it is the perfect entry point for learning about the underlying economics of airports as a crucial component of the air transport system. It explains the cost structures of airports and then relates these to how airports determine their charges.It explains how charges at different airports vary, whether this is due to different types of traffic, different input prices, ways of producing outputs or different levels of efficiency. Most airports are publicly owned or regulated, and there has been a trend towards privatisation. The book explains how airports have been regulated and assesses how well the regulatory structures have performed; it discusses the trend towards light-handed regulation and the reliance on competition where this exists. The book examines the problems of limited capacity at airports and how these are resolved through slots and charging systems, and the long-term solution of investment in airports—why it is controversial, and how it can be achieved effectively. It also considers the environmental impacts of airports and the issues these pose for managers, from the well-known problems of airport noise to the growing recognition of the impacts of air transport on climate change, and the roles airports play in mitigating these consequences.Written for airport and airline managers, regulators and students, this book will suit Bachelor’s and Master’s programmes on air transport management.

This book provides a comprehensive guide to the economics of airports for all managers, regulators and educators within the aviation industry. Written by three renowned experts but made accessible and relevant for all those working within the industry, or aspiring to do so, it is the perfect entry point for learning about the underlying economics of airports as a crucial component of the air transport system. It explains the cost structures of airports and then relates these to how airports determine their charges.It explains how charges at different airports vary, whether this is due to different types of traffic, different input prices, ways of producing outputs or different levels of efficiency. Most airports are publicly owned or regulated, and there has been a trend towards privatisation. The book explains how airports have been regulated and assesses how well the regulatory structures have performed; it discusses the trend towards light-handed regulation and the reliance on competition where this exists. The book examines the problems of limited capacity at airports and how these are resolved through slots and charging systems, and the long-term solution of investment in airports—why it is controversial, and how it can be achieved effectively. It also considers the environmental impacts of airports and the issues these pose for managers, from the well-known problems of airport noise to the growing recognition of the impacts of air transport on climate change, and the roles airports play in mitigating these consequences.Written for airport and airline managers, regulators and students, this book will suit Bachelor’s and Master’s programmes on air transport management.

This text is among the first to reveal the intricacies of an airline’s Operations Control Centre; especially the thought processes, information flows, and strategies taken to mitigate disruptions.Airline Operations Control provides a deep level of description, explanation and detail into the activities of a range of highly professional and expert staff managing the ‘sharp’ end of the airline. It aims to fill a void as little is understood about this area, and very little is written for practitioners in the airline business. The book offers a comprehensive look at the make-up of the Operations Centre, its component sections, and the processes that occur both in preparing for and executing the current day’s schedules. Several chapters provide real-life scenarios and demonstrate how Operations Centres manage evolving situations – what they need to take into account, and how they need to have Plan B and Plan C ready when things don’t go right. This book is designed to deliver knowledge gains to both new and experienced aviation industry practitioners with regards to vital operational aspects. Additionally, it also offers students of air transport management a readily accessible and real-world-perspective guide to a crucial function present within every airline.

This text is among the first to reveal the intricacies of an airline’s Operations Control Centre; especially the thought processes, information flows, and strategies taken to mitigate disruptions.Airline Operations Control provides a deep level of description, explanation and detail into the activities of a range of highly professional and expert staff managing the ‘sharp’ end of the airline. It aims to fill a void as little is understood about this area, and very little is written for practitioners in the airline business. The book offers a comprehensive look at the make-up of the Operations Centre, its component sections, and the processes that occur both in preparing for and executing the current day’s schedules. Several chapters provide real-life scenarios and demonstrate how Operations Centres manage evolving situations – what they need to take into account, and how they need to have Plan B and Plan C ready when things don’t go right. This book is designed to deliver knowledge gains to both new and experienced aviation industry practitioners with regards to vital operational aspects. Additionally, it also offers students of air transport management a readily accessible and real-world-perspective guide to a crucial function present within every airline.

This book will explore a new approach to airport planning that better captures the complexities and velocity of change in our contemporary world. As a result, it will lead to higher performing airports for users, business partners, investors and other stakeholders. This is especially pertinent since airports will need to come back better from the Covid-19 pandemic.The book explains the importance of articulating a clear strategy, based on a rigorous analysis of the competitive landscape while avoiding the pitfalls of ambiguity and ‘virtue signalling’. Having done so, demand forecasts can be developed that resemble S-curves, not simple straight lines, that reflect strategic opportunities and threats from which a master plan can be developed to allocate land and capital in a way that maximizes return on assets and social licence. The second distinctive feature of this book is the premise that planning an airport as an island, a fortress even, does not work anymore given how interconnected airports are with other components of the transportation system, the economies and communities they serve and the rapid pace of social and technological change. In summary, the book argues that airport planning needs to move beyond its traditional boundaries.The book is replete with real examples from airports of all sizes around the world and includes practical advice and tools for executives and managers. It is recommended reading for individuals working in the airport business or the broader air transport industry, members of airports’ board of directors, who may be new to the business, elected officials, policy makers and urban planners in jurisdictions hosting or adjacent to airports, regulators, economic development professionals and, finally, students.

This book will explore a new approach to airport planning that better captures the complexities and velocity of change in our contemporary world. As a result, it will lead to higher performing airports for users, business partners, investors and other stakeholders. This is especially pertinent since airports will need to come back better from the Covid-19 pandemic.The book explains the importance of articulating a clear strategy, based on a rigorous analysis of the competitive landscape while avoiding the pitfalls of ambiguity and ‘virtue signalling’. Having done so, demand forecasts can be developed that resemble S-curves, not simple straight lines, that reflect strategic opportunities and threats from which a master plan can be developed to allocate land and capital in a way that maximizes return on assets and social licence. The second distinctive feature of this book is the premise that planning an airport as an island, a fortress even, does not work anymore given how interconnected airports are with other components of the transportation system, the economies and communities they serve and the rapid pace of social and technological change. In summary, the book argues that airport planning needs to move beyond its traditional boundaries.The book is replete with real examples from airports of all sizes around the world and includes practical advice and tools for executives and managers. It is recommended reading for individuals working in the airport business or the broader air transport industry, members of airports’ board of directors, who may be new to the business, elected officials, policy makers and urban planners in jurisdictions hosting or adjacent to airports, regulators, economic development professionals and, finally, students.

Airports are dynamic infrastructure assets and organisations, which are subject to constant change as a result of increasing traffic, ownership changes, environmental, economic, safety and technological changes. Customers (airlines, passengers and freight organisations) and stakeholders (government, community) also put pressure on airports to change.This book examines the pressures to change faced by airports of different sizes, from small community airports to intercontinental mega-hubs, and will help readers to understand and anticipate the changes which will happen at airports with which they are involved. The objective of this book is to look at the broad value chain of airports and the roles of the various players within the value chain, identifying how airports can manage their staff, stakeholders and customers, the ways in which governance and staffing models can be evolved to cope with the emerging challenges faced by the industry, and risks faced by airports, together with mitigation approaches. Each chapter ends with a series of questions which can be applied when considering a specific airport. The key target users of those questions are board members and investors, who need to grill management to ensure that they fully understand and appreciate the airport under consideration, but the questions will also be useful prompts for any reader of the book.This book has, therefore, been written for the person who is starting to work in or for the airport industry – as an airport employee, a board member, a regulator, a supplier of equipment or services to airports, an investor in airports, anyone engaged in non-aviation work such as airport retail or property development, or an airline staff member who has to deal with airports as a user.

Airports are dynamic infrastructure assets and organisations, which are subject to constant change as a result of increasing traffic, ownership changes, environmental, economic, safety and technological changes. Customers (airlines, passengers and freight organisations) and stakeholders (government, community) also put pressure on airports to change.This book examines the pressures to change faced by airports of different sizes, from small community airports to intercontinental mega-hubs, and will help readers to understand and anticipate the changes which will happen at airports with which they are involved. The objective of this book is to look at the broad value chain of airports and the roles of the various players within the value chain, identifying how airports can manage their staff, stakeholders and customers, the ways in which governance and staffing models can be evolved to cope with the emerging challenges faced by the industry, and risks faced by airports, together with mitigation approaches. Each chapter ends with a series of questions which can be applied when considering a specific airport. The key target users of those questions are board members and investors, who need to grill management to ensure that they fully understand and appreciate the airport under consideration, but the questions will also be useful prompts for any reader of the book.This book has, therefore, been written for the person who is starting to work in or for the airport industry – as an airport employee, a board member, a regulator, a supplier of equipment or services to airports, an investor in airports, anyone engaged in non-aviation work such as airport retail or property development, or an airline staff member who has to deal with airports as a user.

This book focuses on the perspective of risk leadership strategy in view of human resources, diversity management and inclusion projects in the multicultural business environment of aviation operations. It will enable the reader to successfully develop strategies and manage their sustainability with sound risk leadership, organisational behaviour, and ergonomic-focused approaches, to achieve corporate objectives within their aviation industry context.Innovative risk leadership is the essential driver in diversity, ethical, and inclusion-based global management strategies which are affected by digitalisation and artificial intelligence (AI). This book showcases many contemporary management issues grounded in the innovative risk leadership concept and will serve as a useful resource for managers and professionals as well as researchers of enterprise management and strategy. It examines the successful integration of innovative risk leadership into business management with diversity and inclusion shaped by AI with an emphasis on aviation issues, recognising that aviation enterprises operate in a hypercompetitive environment, applying digital technologies to achieve smooth operations and efficient performance, and that the effective management of multiculturalism is a key priority in this global industry. Such realities result in higher risk and as such aviation managers must always strive to find ways to mitigate this risk. Practices and policies that the aviation industry applies to handle these issues are shown to be adopted from other sectors as well as adapted to other sectors.Written for aviation industry managers, professionals, students, and researchers interested in risk management, the book could also be utilised as a handbook for MROs, airlines, airports, and aerospace manufacturers.

This book focuses on the perspective of risk leadership strategy in view of human resources, diversity management and inclusion projects in the multicultural business environment of aviation operations. It will enable the reader to successfully develop strategies and manage their sustainability with sound risk leadership, organisational behaviour, and ergonomic-focused approaches, to achieve corporate objectives within their aviation industry context.Innovative risk leadership is the essential driver in diversity, ethical, and inclusion-based global management strategies which are affected by digitalisation and artificial intelligence (AI). This book showcases many contemporary management issues grounded in the innovative risk leadership concept and will serve as a useful resource for managers and professionals as well as researchers of enterprise management and strategy. It examines the successful integration of innovative risk leadership into business management with diversity and inclusion shaped by AI with an emphasis on aviation issues, recognising that aviation enterprises operate in a hypercompetitive environment, applying digital technologies to achieve smooth operations and efficient performance, and that the effective management of multiculturalism is a key priority in this global industry. Such realities result in higher risk and as such aviation managers must always strive to find ways to mitigate this risk. Practices and policies that the aviation industry applies to handle these issues are shown to be adopted from other sectors as well as adapted to other sectors.Written for aviation industry managers, professionals, students, and researchers interested in risk management, the book could also be utilised as a handbook for MROs, airlines, airports, and aerospace manufacturers.

This book offers a comprehensive and management-oriented analysis of sustainability in the aviation industry. It examines aviation’s crucial role in global mobility and economic development whilst also critically addressing its environmental, social and regulatory challenges. Readers will benefit by gaining a realistic, analytically sound framework for evaluating sustainability strategies in aviation. The book supports informed decision-making, helps to anticipate regulatory and market developments, and enables readers to better balance economic performance with environmental responsibility and social acceptance in a highly complex and globally interconnected industry.By adopting a holistic ESG perspective, the book integrates environmental impacts such as climate change and noise, social issues including equity, accessibility and labour conditions, and governance aspects like regulation, reporting and stakeholder accountability. Rather than presenting simplified solutions, it highlights trade-offs, uncertainties and long-term path dependencies that shape strategic decision-making in aviation. The structured approach combines conceptual foundations with industry-specific insights, covering regulation, technology, sustainability reporting and strategic management practices.The book is relevant for all managers in the aviation industry, whether they work for airlines, airports, air traffic control organisations, regulatory authorities or political decision-makers. It is particularly important for environmental managers throughout the aviation industry, but also for managers at a senior level, as sustainability is becoming a strategic issue of growing importance. In addition, the book is valuable for students in aviation management programmes as well as for students in related fields such as aeronautical engineering and tourism management.

This book offers a comprehensive and management-oriented analysis of sustainability in the aviation industry. It examines aviation’s crucial role in global mobility and economic development whilst also critically addressing its environmental, social and regulatory challenges. Readers will benefit by gaining a realistic, analytically sound framework for evaluating sustainability strategies in aviation. The book supports informed decision-making, helps to anticipate regulatory and market developments, and enables readers to better balance economic performance with environmental responsibility and social acceptance in a highly complex and globally interconnected industry.By adopting a holistic ESG perspective, the book integrates environmental impacts such as climate change and noise, social issues including equity, accessibility and labour conditions, and governance aspects like regulation, reporting and stakeholder accountability. Rather than presenting simplified solutions, it highlights trade-offs, uncertainties and long-term path dependencies that shape strategic decision-making in aviation. The structured approach combines conceptual foundations with industry-specific insights, covering regulation, technology, sustainability reporting and strategic management practices.The book is relevant for all managers in the aviation industry, whether they work for airlines, airports, air traffic control organisations, regulatory authorities or political decision-makers. It is particularly important for environmental managers throughout the aviation industry, but also for managers at a senior level, as sustainability is becoming a strategic issue of growing importance. In addition, the book is valuable for students in aviation management programmes as well as for students in related fields such as aeronautical engineering and tourism management.

The regulation of modern civil aviation can be traced back to the later years of the Second World War. An intense debate about the future regulatory regime resulted in a compromise which to this day essentially dictates the structure of the global airline industry. Further progress towards ‘normalising’ the industry appears to be slowing down, and perhaps even going into reverse. Without an understanding of the development of regulation, it is not possible to understand fully the industry’s current problems and how they might be resolved.Many books have been written about the development of international air transport, covering deregulation, privatisation, the emergence of new business models among other things, but few if any have taken a broad view of the trends which have determined the industry’s current structure. The Regulation of Air Transport charts the development of aviation from the end of the Second World War to the present day, following the key trends and disruptive forces. It provides an overview of what has determined the industry’s current structure, the problems still facing the industry and the ways in which it could develop in the future.This wide-ranging study is important reading for both professionals and academics within the aviation field, as well as anyone interested in the broader development of economic regulation.

The regulation of modern civil aviation can be traced back to the later years of the Second World War. An intense debate about the future regulatory regime resulted in a compromise which to this day essentially dictates the structure of the global airline industry. Further progress towards ‘normalising’ the industry appears to be slowing down, and perhaps even going into reverse. Without an understanding of the development of regulation, it is not possible to understand fully the industry’s current problems and how they might be resolved.Many books have been written about the development of international air transport, covering deregulation, privatisation, the emergence of new business models among other things, but few if any have taken a broad view of the trends which have determined the industry’s current structure. The Regulation of Air Transport charts the development of aviation from the end of the Second World War to the present day, following the key trends and disruptive forces. It provides an overview of what has determined the industry’s current structure, the problems still facing the industry and the ways in which it could develop in the future.This wide-ranging study is important reading for both professionals and academics within the aviation field, as well as anyone interested in the broader development of economic regulation.

Airline Management Finance: The Essentials is of significant benefit to airline industry practitioners seeking a focused, neatly contained and accessible resource that provides explicit financial information pertinent to their current or future role.The book explains and demystifies an airline’s financing and the financial reporting of its operations to airline staff and others. It seeks to explain the role of finance and the Finance Department in a non-technical way, so staff can appreciate the value of the department and its information resources, and see finance as an active contributor to the airline’s operation. It concentrates on practical matters, explaining frequently used financial and accounting terms, how financial strategy works, the uses of various types of financial reporting, as well as what financial risk is and how it can be managed through the co-operation of finance and operating staff. Staff who understand the airline’s finances and financial system are more likely to make decisions which align with the airline’s strategy and objectives. They will also know how to use the financial information which is available. The book establishes a good foundation of financial knowledge for all staff. This book is recommended reading for new employees in airline finance and related areas, as well as those starting to move up the supervisory ladder in an airline.

Airline Management Finance: The Essentials is of significant benefit to airline industry practitioners seeking a focused, neatly contained and accessible resource that provides explicit financial information pertinent to their current or future role.The book explains and demystifies an airline’s financing and the financial reporting of its operations to airline staff and others. It seeks to explain the role of finance and the Finance Department in a non-technical way, so staff can appreciate the value of the department and its information resources, and see finance as an active contributor to the airline’s operation. It concentrates on practical matters, explaining frequently used financial and accounting terms, how financial strategy works, the uses of various types of financial reporting, as well as what financial risk is and how it can be managed through the co-operation of finance and operating staff. Staff who understand the airline’s finances and financial system are more likely to make decisions which align with the airline’s strategy and objectives. They will also know how to use the financial information which is available. The book establishes a good foundation of financial knowledge for all staff. This book is recommended reading for new employees in airline finance and related areas, as well as those starting to move up the supervisory ladder in an airline.

Anyone becoming a company director faces a steep learning curve; this book will give every director and especially one joining the board of an airline, a head-start on the process.Airline Governance: The Right Direction will help existing directors, those who have been newly appointed and those ‘in waiting’ in a company’s management. This book reviews the fundamentals of corporate governance and puts them into the context of guiding, directing and managing an airline, and also complements the discussion of accounting and finance in its sister book Airline Management Finance: The Essentials. The detailed review will give directors confidence to make decisions on governance matters, avoiding a ‘tick the box’ approach and focusing on what is important. This book not only gives directors a comprehensive introduction to good governance, but also discusses the application of the principles of governance for an airline at various stages of its development so any changes can be made at the right time.Understanding corporate governance not only helps directors, but also an airline’s senior and junior management, because the considerations around matters such as ‘conflict of interest’ apply to all decision-makers in the organisation. Understanding and applying good governance does not guarantee success, but it surely helps in achieving it.